Unit+4+Protecting+our+heritage+sites+Grammar+and+usage 高二英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第三册

Unit4ProtectingourheritagesitesGrammarandusageExploringtherules在复合句中对其前面的抽象名词做进一步解释或说明，说明其具体内容的从句，叫作同位语从句。同位语从句——定义Ihavetheimpression

thatpeopletherearealwaysonthego.

我觉得那里的人总是忙忙碌碌的。Thenews

thatourteamhaswonthegameistrue.

我们队赢了比赛的消息是真的。Ihavenoidea

whomsheaddressedtheletterto.

我不知道她把信写给谁了。Exploringtherules不是所有的名词后面都能跟同位语从句，只有少数抽象意义的名词可以跟同位语从句。常见的充当同位语从句先行词的名词有：同位语从句——常接同位语从句的名词advice建议agreement协议belief信念doubt怀疑explanation解释fact事实fear害怕feeling感觉hope希望idea主意/知晓news消息opinion观点order命令promise诺言possibility可能性problem问题answer回答question问题report报道suggestion建议thought想法truth真相wish愿望warning警告probability可能性reply答复evidence证据proof证据criticism批评conclusion结论risk风险proposal建议story传说word消息information信息message信息saying格言desire欲望mystery秘密announcement宣告rumour传闻Exploringtherulesthat引导的同位语从句，陈述一个事实或看法，没有疑问之意，即由原来的陈述句充当。that在从句中不作成分，没有实际意义，有时候可以省略。Wehavetheproof

thatthismancommittedthecrime.

我们有证据证明这个人犯了罪。Thefact

thatsomecountriesarestillsufferingfrompovertyisreallyagreatproblem.

一些国家仍在遭受贫困之苦，这确实是个大问题。Ihadakindoffeeling

(that)thismighthappen.

我有种预感，这可能会发生。先行词如含有动词意义，that可以省略，类似词汇还有warning,reply,impression等。同位语从句——引导词Exploringtheruleswh-word引导的同位语从句，表达疑问概念，由原来的疑问句充当。Ihavenoidea

whethertheworkisworthdoing.

我不知道这项工作是否值得做。Thereseemstobenodoubt

whattheyaregoingtodonext.

他们下一步要做什么似乎是毫无疑问的。Thequestion

whoeverwilltakehisplacehasn’tbeendiscussed.

究竟谁来接替他的位置，这个问题还没有讨论。whether（相当于间接的一般疑问句）whether疑问代词（相当于间接的特殊疑问句）who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever疑问副词（相当于间接的特殊疑问句）when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however同位语从句——引导词Exploringtherules同位语从句——与定语从句的辨析先行词内涵不同同位语从句常是一些具有信息内容或一定内涵的抽象名词，如idea,fact,

news,

hope,

belief,

suggestion,

proposal,

word,

thought,

doubt,

truth,

possibility,

promise等。定语从句是表示人、物、事、时间、地点、原因的名词，如person,

thing,

time,

place,

reason等。Exploringtherules同位语从句——与定语从句的辨析表达的含义不同同位语从句对前面抽象名词的进一步说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴。定语从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴。Thefactthathepresentedwasastrongproof.他所提供的事实是一个强有力的证据。Thefactthatshehadn’tsaidanythingsurprisedusall.她什么也没说，这使我们大家都很吃惊。定语从句同位语从句Exploringtherules同位语从句——与定语从句的辨析词义不同，成分不同（有无疑问之意）同位语从句引导词that,who,whom,whose,when,where,why中，除了that没有疑问的含义之外，其他6个都含有疑问的意思。定语从句引导词that,who,whom,whose,when,where,why中，没有疑问之意。Idon’tknowthereasonwhyshewasabsent.

我不知道她缺席的原因。Weshouldpayattentiontothequestionwhyshewasabsent.

我们应该注意她缺席的原因。定语从句同位语从句Exploringtherules...,butnoonecandenythefactthattheywereconstructedinthe13thcenturyBCE....theyhadnoideawhetherthetemplescouldbesavedfromtherisingwaters.Someexperts,however,hadafeelingthatitwaspossible.Atfirst,theyhadnoideawhichwaycouldwork.Therewasnoguaranteethatitwouldwork,...Furthermore,theexpertshadnocluewhetheranypartsofthetempleswouldbreakduringtransport....,butwehavethebeliefthatwewillneedthiskindofcooperationinheritagepreservation.FindthesentenceswithappositiveclausesinthearticleofpartAandfillintheboxbelow.ExploringtherulesAnappositiveclauseisusuallyplacedafteranabstractnountoexplainitscontent.Weoftenuse(1)________,(2)________oraquestionwordtointroduceanappositiveclause.Nounsthatcanbefollowedbyanappositiveclauseincludefact,idea,news,opinion,etc.WorkingouttherulesthatwhetherApplyingtherules1.WehavenodoubtthatUNESCOistryingtoprotecttheheritagesites.2.Thiswasthecluethathelpedthepolicefindthemanwhohad destroyedtheancientstatues.3.Manypeopledonotknowthereasonwhythisheritagesiteis threatened.4.Thereisnoquestionthatweshouldprotectoursharedheritage— wesimplyhaveto.5.IwanttoplanmytripbutIhavenoideawhenthetempleswillopen.Readthesentencesbelowandticktheoneswithappositiveclauses.B1定语从句定语从句ApplyingtherulesCompletetheconversationbelowwithproperlinkingwordstoformappositiveclauses.B2Chris: Sorrytointerruptyou,MissMa.I’mwritinganarticleaboutUNESCO’sworkonheritagepreservation.Canyoutellmesomethingaboutit?MissMa: Sure.In1972,theConventionConcerningtheProtectionoftheWorldCulturalandNaturalHeritagewasadoptedbytheGeneralConferenceofUNESCO.Chris: ButI’veheardsomepeoplehaveseriousdoubts(1)__________theWorldHeritageConventionreallyhelps.MissMa: Sure,itdoes.Itlinkstheconceptsofnatureconservationandthepreservationofculturalpropertiestogether.ApartfromtheConvention,theWorldHeritageCommitteewasestablishedin1976andpassedthemotion(2)_________weshouldprotectourculturalandnaturalheritagesites.whetherthatApplyingtherulesChris: Isee.CanyoutellmewhattheWorldHeritageCommitteedoes?MissMa: Ofcourse.Forexample,itvotestodeterminewhichsitesaretobelistedasUNESCOheritagesitesandmonitorsthestateofconservation.Chris: That’samazing.IsChinaoneoftheUNESCOStatesParties?MissMa: Yes.Doyouhaveanyidea(3)_________ChinesepropertiesareontheWorldHeritageList?Chris: Yes,morethan50now.Forexample,theGrandCanal,theworld’slongestandoldestcanal,wasonthelistin2014.I’veheardthenews(4)_______certainheritagesitesinChinaareunderthreat.MissMa: You’reright.Theproposal(5)__________weshouldraisepublicawarenessofheritageprotectionisworthconsideri