安徽省合肥市埠里中学2022-2023学年高三英语上学期摸底试题含解析

安徽省合肥市埠里中学2022-2023学年高三英语上学期摸底试题含解析一、选择题1.---Oh,poorPeterlooksveryweak.

---Sowillyouifyou

ahighfeverforthreedaysonend.A.learnfrom

B.differfrom

C.sufferfrom

D.benefitfrom

参考答案：C2.

----Whatmakesyoustayindoorslastweek?----________ABecauseIcaughtabadcold.

B.Becauseofabadcold.C.BadcoldasIhad.

D.Abadcold.参考答案：D3.---CanIlookatthemenubeforeImakeanorder?---Ofcourse.________，madam.A．Takeyourtime

B．Don'tmentionit

C．Nevermind

D．Helpyourself参考答案：A4.Helaughedatmythird-gradephoto,theone_______myhairhadbeenexpandedtonewdimensionsbyanespeciallycoldandwindyday.A.when

B.thatC.where

D.what参考答案：C【详解】考查定语从句关系词。本题定语从句的先行词是指代photo的代词theone，定语从句的结构很完整，要用关系副词where引导定语从句，并在句中做状语。when的先行词通常是指时间的名词代词，关系代词that要在句中做主语、表语或者表语；而what不能引导定语从句，故C项正确。【点睛】本题考查了关系代词where引导的定语从句用法，在定语从句中,关系副词where所指代的先行词只能是表示地点的名词吗?先行词不表示地点时,如何判断是否使用Where引导定语从句。当先行词不是表示地点的名词时,该如何判断是否使用where引导定语从句呢?由上文给出的例句可知,含有抽象地点意义的名词能用关系副词where来引导,并且在每个例句的点评中笔者都反复强调“定语从句不缺主语和宾语,where在从句中充当的是状语”。由此,我们可以大胆地进行引申和归纳,提出“当先行词不表示地点时,使用where引导定语从句”的判断方法。首先,判断定语从句的结构:定语从句应该不缺少主语和宾语,而是缺少状语。其次,观察先行词:先行词是除了时间名词(在这种情况下会用when)和原因名词(在这种情况下会用why)以外的其他任何名词。第二个条件之所以成立,是因为定语从句中的状语成分一般就是由when、where和why等三个引导词来引导的。为了更深刻地理解这种判断方法,请看以下几个例句:1.Englishisa“fixed-word-order”languagewhereeachphrasehasafixedposition.英语是一种“词序固定”的语言,这种语言的特点就是每个短语都有固定的位置。点评:首先,我们来判断定语从句“eachphrasehasafixedposition”的结构:该从句并不缺少主语和宾语,但是缺少状语。其次,我们来看先行词:先行词是fixed-word-orderlanguage,它既不表示时间,也不表示原因。由此可知,此处用where来指代先行词,表示“在‘词序固定’这样的语言中”。2.AttheAcademy,Platotaughtthestudentsthroughtheuseofdebates,wheretwoormorepeopletookdifferentideasofanargument.在学院里,柏拉图采用的教学方法是组织辩论,在辩论中,两个或多个学生各持一方观点。点评:首先,我们来判断定语从句“twoormorepeopletookdifferentideasofanargument”的句子结构:该从句不缺少主语和宾语,但是缺少状语。其次,我们来看先行词:先行词是debates,它既不是时间名词,也不是原因名词。由此可知,此处应用where引导定语从句,表示“在辩论中”。3.However,beingenthusiasticisn’tforeveryoneandnoonelikesfalseenthusiasm,whereapersonpretendstobeexcitedevenaboutthemosttrivialpoints.然而,热情并非适合每一个人,而且也没有人喜欢那种连区区小事都假装兴奋不已的虚假热情。点评:首先,我们判断定语从句“apersonpretendstobeexcitedevenaboutthemosttrivialpoints”的句子结构:该从句不缺少主语和宾语,但是缺少状语。其次,我们来看先行词:先行词是falseenthusiasm,它既不是时间名词,也不是原因名词。因而,此处用where来引导定语从句,表示“在‘虚假的热情’这种状态下”。通过对上面三个例句的点评,相信读者已经能够掌握在先行词不表示地点的情况下,如何判断是否使用where来引导定语从句了。此外,我们需要仔细体会例句中where指代先行词时所表达的含义,分别是“在……样的语言中”“在……中”“在……样的状态下”,都带有抽象的地点意义。5.Belowthetopsoiloftheearthisthesubsoil,_____layerthatcontainsstonesmixedwithasmallamountof_____organicmatter.A.a;the

B.the;the

C.不填;不填

D.a;不填参考答案：D略6.TousallinChina,_______experienceoftakingthecollegeentranceexaminationseemsanimportantwaytojudgewhetherone’slifeis_______completeone.A.the;a B.an;a C.the;the D.an;the参考答案：A7.Generallyspeaking,mygrandmotherisniceandkind,butshe_______beverystubbornattimes.

A.should

B.shall

C.must

D.can参考答案：D略8.Undernocircumstances_______thedifficultieswhentheywereonanexpeditiontotheAntarctic．A．theygavewayto

B．didtheygivewaytoC．theyhadgivenwayto

D．hadtheygivenwayto参考答案：B9.It’ssowettherethatthetreesareextremelytall,some______over90meters.

A.measuring

B.tomeasure

C.measured

D.measure参考答案：A略10._______thestrongwindscontinue,partofthehighwaywouldstillbetemporarilyclosed.A.Could

B.Would

C.Should

D.Might参考答案：C【知识点】考查虚拟语气的用法。句意：如果强风继续的话，部分高速将仍然被暂时关闭。根据主句的“would+动词原形”结构判断，前面是从句，虚拟语气中当if条件状语从句含有should、had和were时可将if省略，将它们中的任何一个提到从句句首。故选C。【举一反三】省略if的条件句在书面语中，非真实条件句中有were,had,should时，可以省略if，而把were,had,should放在从句主语前，从句用倒装结构。如：Wereitnecessary,Imightgowithoutdelay.如果需要的话，我可以立即去。（=Ifitwerenecessary......）Hadyoutakenmyadvice,youwouldn'thavefailedintheexam.你要是听了我的建议，就不会考试不及格了。（=Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice......）ShouldIhavetime,Iwouldcallonher.要是有时间，我就去看她。（=IfIshouldhavetime......）11.Whenyougoabroad,youcantakedifferentkindsof______:bytrain,byplain,andsoon.

A.ways

B.transport

C.voyage

D.ideas参考答案：B12.Findingatime______suitseveryoneisgoingtobedifficult. A．thatB．whenC．whatD．where参考答案：A试题解析：本题考查定语从句。定语从句缺少主语，所以此时应该考虑关系代词，排除B/D两个关系副词，Cwhat不能引导定语从句，也予以排除，因此答案选择A。13.Hearingascream,Irusheddownstairs,only

thehostesslyingunconsciousonthefloor.A.seeing

B.havingseen

C.seen

D.tosee参考答案：D14.Timemagazinehaschosen“TheGuardians”，agroupofjournalistswho____fortheirwork,asPersonoftheYear,fortakinggreatrisksinpursuitofgreatertruths.A.willtarget

B.havetargetedC.willbetargeted

D.havebeentargeted参考答案：D【详解】考查时态。句意：《时代》周刊将“守护者”——一群因自己的工作而成为受攻击目标的记者评为年度人物，因为冒巨大的风险追求更伟大的真理。根据句意可知，记者被攻击，且已发生，有对现在的影响，所以用现在完成时。故选D。15.—Wearegoingtocelebrateour40thweddinganniversary.—_____.A.

GoaheadB.Congratulations

C.Haveanicetrip

D.Goodidea参考答案：B36.Heissupposedtomakehisvisittotheclubsoon,butI’mnotsurewhetherhe________ornot.A.does

B.is

C.had

D.will参考答案：D略17.---Flight551forDallas________.Imustbeoffnow.

------Haveapleasanttripthen.A.isbeingannounced

B.hasannouncedC.wasannouncing

D.hadbeenannounced参考答案：A二、新的题型18.TheancientChinesegameGoisconsideredoneofthemostcomplicatedstrategygames.Winningthegamewasseenasatestofhumancreativity.Thatis,untilamachinefoundawaytodoitbetter.AlphaGo,anartificialintelligence(AI)machinebuiltbyGoogle,wonitsfirstmatchagainstSouthKoreanLeeSedolonMarch9.Stilldigestinghisloss,Leesaidduringthepost-gamepressconference,“___16___”Butthatwasjustthebeginning.Inthefollowingweek,AlphaGooutperformedLeeinanotherthreematches.___17___SomepeoplehavebeenarguingthatAIisharmfultothehumanrace.___18___Similarly,UKscientistStephenHawkingoncewarnedthatthe“developmentoffullartificialintelligencecouldspelltheendofthehumanrace”.Soarewereallyontheverge(边缘)oflivingintheworldshownintheTerminator(终结者)sci-fimovies?“Notquite,”answeredTheEconomist.Afterall,it’shardtogetcomputerstoapplytheirknowledgetoeverydaysituations.“___19___”ThomasJohnsonsaid,founderofanAItoycompany.“Butforarobot,towalkupanddownhillsrequiressomanycomplicateddecisionstobemadeinrealtime,andit’sreallydifficulttodo.”AsTheEconomistputit:“WehavealongwaytogobeforeAI’sabilitiestrulybegintoapproachthehumanbrain,despitehowpowerfulthetechnologycanbewhenfocusingonasingletask.”Meanwhile,JohnMarkoffofTheNewYorkTimesarguedthatresearchersshouldbuildartificialintelligencethataimsfor“intelligenceaugmentation(增加)”(IA)inwhichcomputersmakepeoplemoreeffective.Hewrote:“___20___Sincetechnologydependsonthevaluesofitscreators,wecanmakechoicesusingtechnologytoimprovetheworld.”A.Manyrobotsfelloverlikelittlekidslearningtowalk.B.Wetakeforgrantedthingslikebalanceandvision.C.Eventually,ourfateisinourownhands.D.SowhatisnextforAIandhumanity?E.Thatmadethefive-matchscore4-1infavorofAlphaGo.F.In2014,USbusinessmanElonMusksaidatanMITconferencethatdevelopingthetechnologyiscallingupa“demon(魔鬼)”.G.Iaminshock;Iadmitthat.参考答案：16.G

17.E

18.F

19.B

20.C18.句意：2014，美国商人ElonMusk在麻省理工学院的会议上说，技术的发展是一个“召唤恶魔（魔鬼）”根据上句“SomepeoplehavebeenarguingthatAIisharmfultothehumanrace.”一些人一直认为人工智能对人类有害。以及下文“Similarly,UKscientistStephenHawkingoncewarnedthatthe“developmentoffullartificialintelligencecouldspelltheendofthehumanrace”.”同样，英国的科学家StephenHawking曾警告说，全人工智能的发展可能会带来人类的终结”。故选F。19.句意：我们想当然的幻想达到一种平衡。根据“Afterall,it’shardtogetcomputerstoapplytheirknowledgetoeverydaysituations.”毕竟，很难让计算机把他们的知识运用到日常生活中。故选B。20.句意：最终，我们的命运掌握在自己手中。根据后文“Sincetechnologydependsonthevaluesofitscreators,wecanmakechoicesusingtechnologytoimprovetheworld.”由于技术取决于其创造者的价值，我们可以选择使用技术来改善世界。故选C。三、阅读理解19.Abuld-it-yourselfsolarstill（蒸馏器）isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.DevelopedbytwodoctorsintheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,it’sanexcellentwatercollector.Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou,sinceit’sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.Theonlycomponentsrequired,though,area5’5’sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic,sixfeetofplastictube,andacontainer—perhapsjustadrinkingcup—tocatchthewater.Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher’sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andout—thesideofthehole.Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet’scenterdownwitharock.Theplasticshouldnowformacone(圆锥体)with45-degree-angledsides.Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover,andnomorethanthreeinchesabove,thecup.Thesolarstillworksbycreatingagreenhouseundertheplastic.Groundwaterevaporates(蒸发)andcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform,rundownthematerialandfalloffintothecup.Whenthecontainerisfull,youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube,andwon’thavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink.32.Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarstillequipmentfromthefirstparagraph?A.It’sdelicate.