【英语】江苏省镇江市2023-2024学年高三下学期期初适应性练习试题(解析版)

江苏省镇江市2023-2024学年高三下学期期初适应性练习英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）略第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AContrarytopopularbelief,winterisactuallyagoodtimetotravel.Below,you’llfindrecommendationsforthebestplacestovisitinwinterintheUSA.Sequoia(美洲杉)NationalPark,CaliforniaThisparkisfamousforitsgiantsequoiatrees.Andthoughit’simpressivetowalkamong250-footsequoias,snowshoeingorcross-countryskiingthroughGiantForestGrovewhenthetoweringtreesaredustedwithsnowispuremagic.Accommodation:ThecentrallylocatedVisaliaMarriottisjust40minutesfromtheparkgate.Charleston,SouthCarolinaStartyourweekendgetawayonahistoriccarriageridedowntownincoldwinter.Clip-cloppastthecity’schurches,seewheretheystoredallthegunpowderbackinthe1700sandlearnaboutCharleston’spast.Accommodation:Locatedinthecity'shistoricheart,theCharlestonPlacehotelfeaturesplushroomsandexcellentdining.Keystone,ColoradoSkireportwebsiteOntheSnowratesitthetopresortforfamilies,thankstofreeparking;ski-in,ski-outlodgings;akids-ski-freeprogram;andbeginnerterrain(地形).Accommodation:KeystoneLodgeandSpahascozymountain-inspiredroomsandlofts,aheatedoutdoorpoolandhottub.ParkCity,UtahLocatedjust40minutesfromSaltLakeCity,thelargestskiresortintheUnitedStatesisknownforitslight,drysnow,sunnyskiesandvarietyofterrain.Accommodation:Marriott’sSummitWatchisanaffordableoptionlocatedrightinParkCity,anditoffersaccessiblerooms.1.WhatwilltravelersdoinCharleston?A.Walkalonggiantsequoiatrees. B.Skithroughsnow-coveredforests.C.Explorethehistoriccity. D.Swiminaheatedoutdoorpool.2.Whichdestinationgiveskidsachancetoskiforfree?A.SequoiaNationalPark. B.Charleston.C.Keystone. D.ParkCity.3.Whatdothefourdestinationshaveincommon?A.Theyarelocated40minutesfromthenearbycity.B.TheyarefamousnationalparksintheUSA.C.Theyoffercarriageridesatweekends.D.Theyofferarangeofcold-weatherfun.【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章推荐了几个美国冬季最佳旅游景点。【答案】1.C2.C3.D【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Charleston,SouthCarolina部分的“Startyourweekendgetawayonahistoriccarriageridedowntownincoldwinter.Clip-cloppastthecity’schurches,seewheretheystoredallthegunpowderbackinthe1700sandlearnaboutCharleston’spast.(在寒冷的冬天乘坐历史悠久的马车开始你的周末之旅。咔嗒咔嗒地经过这座城市的教堂，看看他们在18世纪储存火药的地方，了解查尔斯顿的过去。)”可知，游客在Charleston可以探索这座城市的历史。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Keystone,Colorado部分的“SkireportwebsiteOntheSnowratesitthetopresortforfamilies,thankstofreeparking;ski-in,ski-outlodgings;akids-ski-freeprogram;andbeginnerterrain.(滑雪报告网站OntheSnow将其评为最适合家庭的度假胜地，这要归功于免费停车；住宿；儿童免费滑雪项目；初学者地形。)”可知，Keystone给孩子一个免费滑雪的机会。故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Contrarytopopularbelief,winterisactuallyagoodtimetotravel.Below,you’llfindrecommendationsforthebestplacestovisitinwinterintheUSA.(与普遍的看法相反，冬天实际上是旅行的好时机。下面，你会发现美国冬季最佳旅游景点的推荐。)”可推知，这四个地方的共同之处在于它们提供了一系列寒冷天气的乐趣。故选D。BIt’sanunusuallycalmmorningforJimSmith,ownerofVenturaDiveSport,andlifelongseaman.He’sinchargeoftheRaptor,carryingaboatloadofdiversandsnorkeling(浮潜)enthusiastsovertotheChannelIslandsanchoredjustofftheSouthernCaliforniancoast,intheremoteChannelIslandsNationalPark.Onthistrip,inparticular,Smithishopingtospotgiantblackseabass,ahugeunderwatercreaturethatgrowsoversevenfeetlongandcanweighmorethan700pounds.Unsurprisingly,it’safishthatsitsatopthefoodchain,andthespeciesisanimportantpartofthemarine(海洋的)ecosystem.Upuntilthe1970s,blackseabasswasacommonsightinginSouthernCalifornia,butduetooverfishingtheirpopulationdramaticallydeclined.Asaresult,fishingforgiantblackseabassofanykindwasbannedinCaliforniain1982.IntheChannelIslandregion,thankstotheprotectedwatersofthenationalpark,thereisapromisingsign-arecentsurveyfoundaround50individualsaroundtheCatalinaIslandalone.Marinebiologists’photos-andindeedanyoneelse’s-nowhaveapermanenthome,onanewly-createddatabasenamedSpottingGiantSeaBass.Thewebsite,launchedandrunbytheAquariumofthePacificinJuly,isajointcommunityefforttofindoutmoreaboutthesemysteriouscreatures.Scientistshopetobeabletoanswerhowthepopulationischangingovertime,howfargiantseabassmove,wheretheyspawn(产卵),andhowtheygrowinmarineprotectedareas.Withmorethan1milliondivesrecordedannuallyacrosstheGoldenState’scoastline,researchershopeajointefforttodocumentthisspecieswillaidwithitsrecovery.“OneofthemainthingspeoplewanttoseewhentheycomeoutwithusduringSeptemberandOctoberisgiantseabass,”Smithsays.“Ifyou’reluckyenoughtobeonadiveandoneswimspastyou...itreallyisthemostincredibleexperience.”4.WhoisJimSmith?A.Amarinebiologist.B.Adiveboatcaptain.C.Afounderofawebsite.D.Aguardofanationalpark.5.WhatcanweinferaboutblackseabassintheChannelIslandregionnow?A.Theyareexperiencingpopulationgrowth.B.Theyarebeingoverfished.C.Theyarelivinginterribleconditions.D.Theyaredisappearingduetopollution.6.Whichofthefollowingisconsideredas“apermanenthome”inparagraph4?A.SouthernCalifornia.B.SpottingGiantSeaBass.C.Marineprotectedareas.D.TheAquariumofthePacific.7.Whatwillbehelpfulfortherecoveryofblackseabassaccordingtotheresearchers?A.Swimmingwiththeminthesea.B.Prohibitingdeep-seadiving.C.Workingtogethertorecordinformation.D.Discoveringmoreislands.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是关于黑鲈鱼的保护和恢复，以及一个新的数据库的创建，帮助记录和研究黑鲈鱼的信息。【答案】4.B5.A6.B7.C【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“It’sanunusuallycalmmorningforJimSmith,ownerofVenturaDiveSport,andlifelongseaman.He’sinchargeoftheRaptor,carryingaboatloadofdiversandsnorkeling(浮潜)enthusiastsovertotheChannelIslandsanchoredjustofftheSouthernCaliforniancoast,intheremoteChannelIslandsNationalPark.

(对于文图拉潜水运动公司的老板、终身海员JimSmith来说，这是一个异常平静的早晨。他负责“猛禽”号，载着一船潜水员和浮潜爱好者前往海峡群岛，停泊在南加州海岸外遥远的海峡群岛国家公园。)”可知，JimSmith是一名潜水船只的船长。故选B。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“IntheChannelIslandregion,thankstotheprotectedwatersofthenationalpark,thereisapromisingsign-arecentsurveyfoundaround50individualsaroundtheCatalinaIslandalone.(在海峡岛地区，由于受国家公园保护的水域，出现了一个有希望的迹象——最近的调查发现，仅在卡塔利娜岛附近就有大约50只个体。)”可知，在海峡岛地区附近，黑鲈鱼的数量是一个充满希望的迹象即数量在不断增加。故选A。【6题详解】词义猜测题。根据第四段中划线词后面的内容“onanewly-createddatabasenamedSpottingGiantSeaBass.(在一个新创建的名为“发现巨型海鲈鱼”的数据库中。)”可知，海洋生物学家们的照片现在存储于一个新创建的名为“发现巨型海鲈鱼”的数据库中。故

apermanenthome指的是“发现巨型海鲈鱼”的数据库。故选B。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Withmorethan1milliondivesrecordedannuallyacrosstheGoldenState’scoastline,researchershopeajointefforttodocumentthisspecieswillaidwithitsrecovery.(每年有超过100万次潜水记录在金州的海岸线上，研究人员希望共同努力记录这个物种将有助于它的恢复。)”可知，根据研究人员的说法，共同记录信息将有助于黑海鲈鱼的恢复。故选C。CEmotionsarelikeourbestfriend.Theyhavealwaysbeenapartofourlivesandhavebeeninfluencingourpersonalitiesfromtheverybeginning.However,thisbegsthequestion-wheredoemotionscomefrom?Evolutionary(进化论的)psychologistsbelievethatemotionsareadaptationsthathaveevolvedinresponsetothechallengesfacedbyourancestors.Theybelievethatemotionsareinnate(先天的),meaningthatwearebornwiththemwiredintoourbrains.Somepsychologistsrestricttheirclaimstoasmallsetof“basic”emotions,whicharecalledtheBigSix-happiness,sadness,fear,surprise,angeranddisgust.Criticsofevolutionarypsychologyarguethatemotionsaresociallyconstructed.Theyrejecttheevolutionarytheoryofemotionsbeinginvoluntary;instead,theybelievethatemotionsarevoluntarychoiceswetrickourselvesintotreatingasinvoluntary.Defendantsofthisviewbelievethatourcultureinfluenceshowweshouldfeelandwhatweshoulddoinagivensituation.Whenwefeelanemotionandactonit,weengageinabehaviorthatisprescribedbyourculture.Peoplearguethatourpresumptionthatemotionsareinvoluntary,suchasanger,mayjustbeaconvenientillusion(幻觉).Tobeangry,weneedtounderstandsomethingasoffensive(冒犯的),whichislikelybasedonculturallyinformedmoraljudgments.Inthatcase,howcanangerbeananimalreflex(本能反应)？Moreover,angerisnotseeninallcultures.InInuitculture,peoplerarelyshowanysignsofanger,probablysincethreateningresponseswouldbetooriskyinasmallculturesurvivinginharshconditions.TheMalaylanguageofMalaysiadoesn’tevenhaveawordmeaning“anger”!Thefactthatculturecanaffecttheincidenceandintensityofouremotionsmakesthemlooklesslikebiologicaltruthsandmoreliketheproductofsocialconstructs.Frommyperspective,evolutionarypsychologistsunderestimatethecontributionsofcultureandlearning,whereassocialconstructionistsover-emphasizethesame.Basically,weneedanexplanationthatcansteerbetweenboththeseextremes.Thenexttimeyoufeelacomplexemotionbubblingup(冒出),thekeyistodeterminetheunderlyingbasicemotionssoyoucantakeactionthatisthemosthelpfulinkeepingyoubalancedandemotionallyundercontrol!8.Whatdoevolutionarypsychologistsbelieve?A.Wearebornwithemotions.B.Personalitiesinfluenceemotions.C.Emotionsarelearned.D.Humanshavesixdifferentemotions.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prescribed”inparagraph5mean?A.Copied.B.Remembered.C.Translated.D.Required.10.Whatdothetwoexamplesinparagraph7mainlyexplain?A.Emotionsplayamajorroleinsurvival.B.Peopleinpoorcircumstanceshaveemotions.C.Peoplesolveproblemswiththehelpofemotions.D.Emotionsaresociallyconstructed.11.Whatisessentialwhenfacingtheoccurrenceofacomplexemotion?A.Findingouttherealcoreemotions.B.Takingactiontoignorebasicemotions.C.Strikingabalancebetweenlifeandwork.D.Makingeffortstobuildconfidence.【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了情绪从何而来。【答案】8.A9.D10.D11.A【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Theybelievethatemotionsareinnate(先天的),meaningthatwearebornwiththemwiredintoourbrains.(他们认为情绪是天生的，这意味着我们出生时就把它们连接到我们的大脑中。)”可知，进化心理学家认为，我们生来就有情绪。故选A。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据上文“Defendantsofthisviewbelievethatourcultureinfluenceshowweshouldfeelandwhatweshoulddoinagivensituation.(持这种观点的人认为，我们的文化影响着我们在特定情况下的感受和行为。)”可知，当我们感受到一种情绪并采取行动时，我们的行为是由我们的文化所规定的。prescribed意为“规定，指示”。故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Criticsofevolutionarypsychologyarguethatemotionsaresociallyconstructed.(进化心理学的批评者认为情绪是社会建构的。)”、文章第五段“Defendantsofthisviewbelieve…shoulddoinagivensituation.(持这种观点的人认为，我们的文化影响着我们在特定情况下的感受和行为。)”和文章第七段“Moreover,angerisnotseeninallcultures.InInuitculture,…awordmeaning“anger”!(此外，并非所有文化中都能看到愤怒。在因纽特文化中，人们很少表现出任何愤怒的迹象，可能是因为在一个生存在恶劣条件下的小文化中，威胁的回应太冒险了。马来西亚的马来语甚至没有“愤怒”这个词！)”可推知，第七段提到的两个例子解释了情绪是社会建构的。故选D。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Thenexttimeyoufeelacomplexemotionbubblingup(冒出),thekeyistodeterminetheunderlyingbasicemotionssoyoucantakeactionthatisthemosthelpfulinkeepingyoubalancedandemotionallyundercontrol!(下次当你感到一种复杂的情绪冒出来的时候，关键是要确定潜在的基本情绪，这样你就可以采取行动，这对保持你的平衡和情绪控制最有帮助！)”可知，面对复杂情绪的发生，找出真正的核心情绪是至关重要的。故选A。DActivenoisecontroltechnologyisusedbynoise-cancelingheadphonestominimizeorcompletelyblockoutoutsidenoise.However,despitethemanyadvancementsintechnology,peoplestilldon'thavemuchcontroloverwhichsoundstheirheadphonesblockoutandwhichtheyletpass.Now,deeplearningalgorithms(算法)havebeendevelopedbyagroupofacademicsattheUniversityofWashingtonthatenableuserstoselectwhichnoisestofilter(过滤)throughtheirheadphonesinreal-time.Thesystemhasbeennamed“semantichearing”byitscreators.TheAl-poweredheadphonesremoveallbackgroundnoisebystreamingrecordedaudio(音频)toasmartphonethatislinkedtothedevices.Throughthisprocess,theheadphoneuserscanchoosetostrengthenorcancelout20typesofsounds,usingvoicecommandsorasmartphoneapp.Theheadphoneswillthenonlyletthroughthesoundsthathavebeenchosenbythewearer.“Thechallengeisthatthesoundsheadphonewearershearneedtosyne(同步)withtheirvisualsenses.Thismeanstheneural(神经的)algorithmsmustprocesssoundsinunderahundredthofasecond.”saidseniorauthorShyamGollakota,aUWprofessor.Duetothistimeconstraint,thesemantichearingsystemchoosesaprocessthatreliesonnoisescommunicatedonadevicelikealinkedsmartphone.Furthermore,inorderforhumanstocontinuetoeffectivelyexperiencesoundsintheirenvironment,thesystemneedstomaintainthesedelaysbecausesoundscomingfromdifferentdirectionsenterpeople'searsatdifferenttimes.Trialswereundertakenbytheresearchersinavarietyofsettings.Thesemantichearingsystemwasabletoisolatetargetsounds,whileatthesametimeremovingbackgroundnoise.Intermsofthesystem'saudiooutputforthedesiredsounds.22participantsgaveitanaverageratinghigherthantheyassignedtotheoriginalnoiserecordings.Therewere,however,afewdisadvantages:theAl-poweredsystemoccasionallyhadtroublerecognizingsoundsthatweretoosimilar.Theresearcherssaidthatthesystemcouldproducebetterresultsifitsmachinelearningmodelsweretrainedonmorerealworlddata.12.Whatcandeeplearningalgorithmsdo?A.Improveuserslisteningability.B.Helpusersremoveunwantednoise.C.Stoppeoplefromenteringnoisyareas.D.Createcommunicationbetweenusers.13.WhatshouldtheneuralalgorithmsdoaccordingtoShyamGollakota?A.Selectheadphoneusers.B.Processdatawithoutnoticeabledelay.C.Followthewaypeoplespeak.D.Improvethequalityofsmartphones.14.Whatdidtheresearchersfindaboutthesysteminthetrials?A.Ithasimprovementinsoundquality.B.Ithelpsthemrecognizeparticipants'voices.C.Ithasmoredisadvantagesthanadvantages.D.It'ssuitabletostrengthenbackgroundnoise.15.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.ThesemantichearingsystemstillhassomedrawbacksB.ThesemantichearingsystemcanrecognizehumanspeechC.Alnoise-cancelingheadphonesletyouchoosewhatyouhearD.AInoise-cancelingheadphonesnowhaveacommercialversion【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章介绍了华盛顿大学的一组学者开发的深度学习算法，使用户能够实时选择通过耳机过滤的噪音。【答案】12.B13.B14.A15.C【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Now,deeplearningalgorithms(算法)havebeendevelopedbya…hearing”byitscreators.(现在，华盛顿大学的一组学者开发了一种深度学习算法，使用户能够实时选择通过耳机过滤哪些噪音。该系统被其创建者命名为“语义听力”。)”可知，深度学习算法可以帮助用户消除不必要的噪音。故选B。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中““Thechallengeisthatthesoundsheadphonewearershearneedtosyne(同步)withtheirvisualsenses.Thismeanstheneural(神经的)algorithmsmustprocesssoundsinunderahundredthofasecond.”saidseniorauthorShyamGollakota.aUWprofessor.(“挑战在于，耳机佩戴者听到的声音需要与他们的视觉感官同步。这意味着神经算法必须在百分之一秒内处理声音。资深作者ShyamGollakota说。华盛顿大学教授。)”可知，根据ShyamGollakota认为，耳机佩戴者听到的声音需要与他们的视觉感官同步，这意味着神经算法必须在百分之一秒内处理声音，即深度学习算法在处理数据时，没有明显的延迟。故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Trialswereundertakenbytheresearchersinavarietyof…participantsgaveitanaverageratinghigherthantheyassignedtotheoriginalnoiserecordings.(研究人员在各种环境下进行了试验。语义听觉系统能够隔离目标声音，同时去除背景噪音。在系统的音频输出为所需的声音。22名参与者给它的平均评分高于他们给原始噪音录音的评分。)”可知，在试验中发现语义听觉系统能够隔离目标声音，同时去除背景噪音，22名参与者给它的平均评分高于他们给原始噪音录音的评分，即它的音质有所改善。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Now,deeplearningalgorithms(算法)havebeendevelopedbyagroupofacademicsattheUniversityofWashingtonthatenableuserstoselectwhichnoisestofilter(过滤)throughtheirheadphonesinreal-time.Thesystemhasbeennamed“semantichearing”byitscreators.(现在，华盛顿大学的一组学者开发了一种深度学习算法，使用户能够通过耳机实时选择过滤哪些噪音。该系统被其创建者命名为“语义听力”。)”以及通读全文可知，这篇文章介绍了华盛顿大学的一组学者开发的深度学习算法，使用户能够实时选择通过耳机过滤的噪音。通过将录制的音频传送到与设备连接的智能手机上，这种人工智能耳机可以通过语音命令或智能手机应用程序选择加强或消除20种类型的声音，并只允许佩戴者选择的声音通过。C选项“Alnoise-cancelingheadphonesletyouchoosewhatyouhear(人工降噪耳机可以让你选择听什么)”概括文章主要内容，符合文章标题。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Wintercancausedamagetoyourskin,anditcanfeellikethere’snoescape.____16____.Happily,therearemanywaystodealwithdryskinandkeepyourselfcomfortable.•Useahumidifier(加湿器)toincreasehumidity.Inthecoolerwintermonths,ahumidifierinyourhomeorofficewillrestoremoisturetotheair,helpingtokeepyourskinhydrated(含水的).Runahumidifierinyourentirehomeorinroomsyouspendthemosttimein,andaimtokeepindoorhumiditylevelsbetween30and50percent.____17____Ifyou’reunsureofyourhome’shumiditylevels,youcanbuyahumiditymeter.•Keepthermostat(恒温器)temperaturescoolandcomfortable.Ifyou’relookingtoescapedry,coldoutdoorair,youarelikelytoturnontheheatassoonasyougethome.____18____Tryacoolyetcomfortablesettingtopreventyourskinfromdryingfurther-theAmericanOsteopathicCollegeofDermatologyrecommends68to75degreesF.•____19____Long,steamyshowersmaysoundlikeagreatideawhenit’scold,butveryhotwatercandryouttheskin.A5-to10-minutewarmshowerislesslikelytoworsendryskinthanahotone.Youshouldalsoavoidusingexcessivelyhotwatertowashyourhands.Dryskinfromexposuretohotwaterorcoolwinteraircancauseaneczema(湿疹).____20____Ifyoustillexperiencedryness,discomfort,andrednessaftertryingthesehealthyskintips,expertssuggestusinganover-the-counterIpercenthydrocortisonecreamortalkingwithyourdoctor.A.Firstly,applyhandcreamaftereachwashing.B.It’squiteunusualtofindyourskinredanddryinwinter.C.Oneoptionistoturnitonovernightwhileyou’resleeping.D.Lowerwatertemperaturesforshoweringandhand-washing.E.Buthighcentralheatcanmaketheairinyourhouseevendrier.F.Coolerwaterseemstobeaseffectiveandismorefriendlytotheskin.G.Eventhethingsthatmakewinterwonderful,suchassittingbyaroaringfire,candryyourskin.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个在冬季也能处理皮肤干燥并保持舒适的方法。【答案】16.G17.C18.E19.D20.F【16题详解】由上文“Wintercancausedamagetoyourskin,anditcanfeellikethere'snoescape.(冬天会对你的皮肤造成伤害，而且感觉无处可逃。)”以及后文“Happily,therearemanywaystodealwithdryskinandkeepyourselfcomfortable.(令人高兴的是，有很多方法可以处理皮肤干燥并保持舒适。)”可知，空前提到了皮肤在冬季可能会出现不舒服的感觉，空处后提到了处理皮肤干燥并保持舒服的方法。G项Eventhethingsthatmakewinterwonderful,suchassittingbyaroaringfire,candryyourskin.(即使是那些让冬天变得美好的事情，比如坐在熊熊燃烧的火炉旁，也会使你的皮肤干燥。)符合文意，该项提到了在冬季会让皮肤变得干燥的原因，引出后文中对抗皮肤干燥以及解决问题的方法，起到承上启下的作用。故选G项。【17题详解】由上文“Useahumidifier(加湿器)toincreasehumidity.(使用加湿器增加湿度)”可知，该段提到了加湿器能在一定程度上改善皮肤干燥的状况，再由上文“Runahumidifierinyourentirehomeorinroomsyouspendthemosttimein,andaimtokeepindoorhumiditylevelsbetween30and50percent.(在你的整个家或你呆的时间最长的房间里安装一个加湿器，目标是将室内湿度保持在30%到50%之间)”可知，加湿器可以将室内湿度保持在30%到50%之间。C项Oneoptionistoturnitonovernightwhileyou'resleeping.(一种选择是在你睡觉的时候把它打开过夜)符合语境，其中it指代上文ahumidifier，有承上作用。故选C项。【18题详解】由上文“Ifyou’relookingtoescapedry,coldoutdoorair,youarelikelytoturnontheheatassoonasyougethome.(如果你想逃离干燥、寒冷的室外空气，你很可能一回家就打开暖气)”可知，为了避寒可以打开暖气，E项Buthighcentralheatcanmaketheairinyourhouseevendrier.(但是，高的中心热量会使你家的空气更加干燥。)符合语境，指出暖气会让皮肤干燥。故选E项。【19题详解】由下文“Long,steamyshowersmaysoundlikeagreatideawhenit’scold,butveryhotwatercandryouttheskin.A5-to10-minutewarmshowerislesslikelytoworsendryskinthanahotone.(在寒冷的时候，长时间的蒸汽淋浴听起来可能是个好主意，但热水会使皮肤变干。与热水淋浴相比，5到10分钟的温水淋浴不太可能恶化干燥的皮肤)”以及“Youshouldalsoavoidusingexcessivelyhotwatertowashyourhands.Dryskinfromexposuretohotwaterorcoolwinteraircancauseaneczema(湿疹).(你也应该避免用过热的水洗手。皮肤因暴露在热水或凉爽的冬季空气中而干燥会导致湿疹)”可知，这里主要讲避免长时间热水洗澡和用过热水洗手。D项Lowerwatertemperaturesforshoweringandhand-washing.(降低淋浴和洗手的水温。)符合语境，对下文有总括作用。故选D项。【20题详解】由上文“Youshouldalsoavoidusingexcessivelyhotwatertowashyourhands.Dryskinfromexposuretohotwaterorcoolwinteraircancauseaneczema(湿疹).(你也应该避免用过热的水洗手。皮肤因暴露在热水或凉爽的冬季空气中而干燥会导致湿疹。)”可知，这里主要讲避免用过热的水洗手，F项Coolerwaterseemstobeaseffectiveandismorefriendlytotheskin.(冷水似乎同样有效，对皮肤更友好)符合语境，其中Coolerwater与上文excessivelyhotwaterto对应，有承上作用。故选F项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。DuringthefinaltermofmytheaterandperformancedegreeattheUniversityofLeeds,weplannedto____21____someinteractiveworkshopswithelderlyresidentstotryto____22____memoryandsocialengagement.Irememberbeing____23____,awarethatwewereworkingwitholdpeoplewhowerealmostnonverbal(不能说话的).Ihaddecidedtoplaymusicattheendofthesession.WewentwiththesongMyWay____24____thoseelderlyresidentswouldhavebeenlisteningtothehitsongintheirlate20s.OnceIpressedplay,nearlyeveryoneintheroomstoodupand____25____whatseemedlikeeveryword.Iwassodeeply____26____.Manyofthemwerecommunicatingmuchbetter.Itlookedandfeltlike____27____.OffIwenttodramaschool,butIthoughtaboutthat____28____almostdaily.Sowhenweweregiventheopportunitytowriteascript(剧本)fora____29____festival,Icreatedalovestoryabout_____30_____anddementia(痴呆),spanning50yearsofacouple’slife.Andnow,10yearslater.theshowI_____31_____isrunningagaininLondonthankstotheMusicforDementiacampaign.Inowknowthatmusic-basedinterventions(治疗)_____32_____theneedforantipsychoticmedication(抗精神病药物)inmorethan60percentofpeople_____33_____dementia.Idon’tknowwhatmyMyWaywouldbe,butIcertainlythinkweshouldalltrytofindour_____34_____anddoourbesttostayconnectedtothepeoplewe_____35_____itwith.21.A.hold B.stop C.delay D.suspend22.A.remove B.identify C.inspire D.assess23.A.thrilled B.nervous C.ashamed D.delighted24.A.until B.unless C.if D.because25.A.sang B.said C.heard D.wrote26.A.scared B.moved C.amused D.annoyed27.A.art B.magic C.hope D.mercy28.A.problem B.goal C.policy D.experience29.A.theater B.science C.flower D.sports30.A.water B.fruit C.music D.food31.A.performed B.watched C.recorded D.made32.A.repeat B.protect C.reduce D.ignore33.A.livingwith B.hearingof C.escapingfrom D.focusingon34.A.show B.time C.speech D.song35.A.take B.share C.discuss D.learn【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在利兹大学戏剧和表演专业的最后一个学期，我们计划举办一些与老年居民的互动讲习班，通过音乐与这些老人建立联系，并且让他们的交流变得更好。这段难忘的经历给作者后来的生活和工作带来了灵感。【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.D25.A26.B27.B28.D29.A30.C31.D32.C33.A34.D35.B【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我在利兹大学戏剧和表演专业的最后一个学期，我们计划举办一些与老年居民的互动讲习班，试图激发记忆和社会参与。A.hold举办；B.stop停止；C.delay推迟；D.suspend暂停，悬挂。根据“someinteractiveworkshops”可知，此处表示举办一些互动讲习班。故选A。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.remove移除；B.identify鉴定，确认；C.inspire激发；D.assess进入。根据“someinteractiveworkshops”和“memoryandsocialengagement”可知，举办一些与老年居民的互动讲习班，是为了激发记忆和社会参与。故选C。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我记得自己很紧张，意识到我们在和几乎不会说话的老人一起工作。A.thrilled激动的，兴奋的；B.nervous紧张的；C.ashamed羞耻的；D.delighted高兴的。根据“wewereworkingwitholdpeoplewhowerealmostnonverbal(不能说话的).”可知，和几乎不能说话的老人一起工作，让作者感到紧张。故选B。【24题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：我们选择了《MyWay》这首歌，因为那些上了年纪的居民可能会在20多岁的时候听这首热门歌曲。A.until直到；B.unless除非；C.if如果；D.because因为。根据“thoseelderlyresidentswouldhavebeenlisteningtothehitsongintheirlate20s.”可知，此处解释作者选择《MyWay》这首歌的原因，应用because引导原因状语从句。故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦我按下播放键，几乎房间里的每个人都站起来，唱出了似乎每一个字。A.sang唱；B.said说；C.heard听见；D.wrote写。根据“WewentwiththesongMyWay”可知，歌曲播放以后，房间里几乎每个人都跟着唱。故选A。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我被深深地感动了。A.scared害怕的；B.moved感动的；C.amused逗乐的；D.annoyed恼怒的。根据“OnceIpressedplay,nearlyeveryoneintheroomstoodupand______whatseemedlikeeveryword.”可知，作者播放的歌曲得到了老人们的回应，因此被深深感动了。故选B。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它看起来和感觉都像魔法。A.art艺术；B.magic魔法；C.hope希望；D.mercy仁慈。根据“Manyofthemwerecommunicatingmuchbetter.”可知，本来几乎不会说话的老人交流更好了，因此感觉像魔法一样。故选B。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来我去了戏剧学校，但我几乎每天都会想起那段经历。A.problem问题；B.goal目标；C.policy政策；D.experience经历，经验。根据上文的经历以及根据“OffIwenttodramaschool,butIthoughtabout”可知，作者几乎每天都会想起那段经历。故选D。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，当我们有机会为戏剧节写剧本时，我创作了一个关于音乐和痴呆症的爱情故事，跨越了一对夫妇50年的生活。A.theater戏剧；B.science科学；C.flower花；D.sports运动。根据“Sowhenweweregiventheopportunitytowriteascript(剧本)”可知，此处表示有机会为戏剧节写剧本。故选A。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.water水；B.fruit水果；C.music音乐；D.food食物。根据下文“thankstotheMusicforDementiacampaign.”可知，此处指音乐。故选C。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，10年过去了，多亏了“为痴呆症而音乐”活动，我制作的节目又在伦敦上演了。A.performed表现，表演；B.watched观看；C.recorded记录；D.made制作。根据“runningagaininLondon”可知，作者制作的节目又一次上演。故选D。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我现在知道，以音乐为基础的干预减少了超过60%的痴呆症患者对抗精神病药物的需求。A.repeat重复；B.protect保护；C.reduce减少；D.ignore忽视。根据“theneedforantipsychoticmedication(抗精神病药物)”可知，以音乐为基础的干预减少了超过60%的痴呆症患者对抗精神病药物的需求。故选C。【33题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A.livingwith和……住在一起，患上；B.hearingof听说；C.escapingfrom从……逃跑；D.focusingon集中于，专注于。根据“dementia”可知，此处表示患上痴呆症共存的老人们。故选A。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不知道我的《我的方式》会是什么，但我当然认为我们都应该努力找到我们的歌，尽我们最大的努力与我们分享的人保持联系。A.show演出；B.time时间；C.speech演讲；D.song歌。根据“Idon’tknowwhatmyMyWaywouldbe”可知，此处指歌曲。故选D。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.take拿走；B.share分享；C.discuss谈论；D.learn学习。根据“doourbesttostayconnectedtothepeople”可知，此处表示尽我们最大的努力与我们分享的人保持联系。故选B。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Over400piecesorsetsofDehuawhiteporcelain(瓷)are____36____displayintheNationalMuseumofChinainBeijingfromAug26forthreemonths.AccordingtoChenChao,____37____artistdevotedtoporcelainresearch,Dehuaporcelainisextraordinarilypureandwhitebecausethekaolin(高岭土)inDehuacountyinFujianhasalowpercentageofiron,makingtheporcelainstainlesslikewhitejade,and____38____(earn)ittheFrenchname“BlancdeChine”,or“whitefromChina”.SittinginQuanzhoucity,____39____theancientMaritimeSilkRoadstarted,ithassoldlikehotcakesathomeandabroadsincetheSongDynasty.In2006,it____40____(list)asanationalintangibleculturalheritage.Despitethepastglories,Dehuacraftsmenneverstopimprovingtheirskills.Oneimpressiveskillis“theeggshell(薄胎)technique”,which____41____(date)backtotheMingDynasty.Withthetechnique____42____(improve)bygenerationsofcraftsmen,today'seggshellporcelaincanbemadeasthinaspaperandgauze(薄纱).Manypeoplewonderhowanoutstandingartworkcouldbemadefromporcelain.“First,alayerofkaolinisappliedtosheetsofpaper.Then,thepaperisheatedinakiln(窑)forseveraldays____43____itturnsintoashes.”explainedChen.However,thisismucheasiersaidthandone.Thefailurerateis____44____(extreme)high,soeveryworkconsumesthecraftsman'stimeandenergy.“BlancdeChineisa_____45_____(combine)oftraditionalChineseartisticskills