英语必修 词汇、短语、句型总复习全

重要词组Book1Unit1addup把加起来addupto总计共达addto=increase增加addAtoB把A加到B上⑴__________6，7and8andyou’llget21.⑵Thestreetlights____________thebeautyofthecity.⑶ThenumberofpeoplewhosawthefilminChina______________about25million.2.fallinlovewith爱上(动作，不可与时间段连用)beinlovewith相爱(状态，可与时间段连用)⑴Myfriendhas_________________abeautifulgirl.⑵Hebrokeupwithhisgirlfriend，who____________________himfor3years.3.inorderto(do)为了(可位于句首)soasto(do)为了(不能位于句首)inorderthat(＋从句)为了(可位于句首)sothat(＋从句)为了，结果(不能位于句首)⑴______________________________achievehisgoal，hestartedtoworkveryhard.⑵Sherepeatedtheinstructionsslowly____________________wecouldunderstand.⑶Myfatherworkshard_______________________________supportus.⑷Heleftquietly___________________wakeus.⑸Nothingmorewasheardfromhim_______________webegantowonderifhewasdead.4.be/gettiredof对……厌烦⑴Hewastiredof________(do)thesameworkeveryday.5.gothrough经历；经受他一生中经受过多次严峻的考验。Hehas_______________manyseveretestsduringhislifetime.6.getalong/onwith与……相处；在……(方面的)进展⑵Hedoeswellinhisstudies.Besideshe__________________________(和同学相处融洽).7.onpurpose故意⑴Sheclosedthedoor____________.8.joinin参加；加入joininsth.参加/加入做某事joinsb.(insth./doingsth.)和某人一起做某事jointhearmy/theparty/theclub/theleague入伍参军/入党/加入俱乐部/入团takepartin参加(某项活动、比赛、辩论等)attend(school/themeeting)上学，出席(会议)1.Hestaredatthemwithout__________theconversation.2.Ifyou__________theclub，youhavetoobeyitsrules.3.Andwhat’smore，sheisgoingto_____usinaninformaldiscussiontomorrowevening.4.Weall__________theracethatday.5.I’mhereto_______aconference.9.setdown记下(=writedown);放下(=putdown)⑴Afterhe_________(记下)myname，themanletmein.10.facetoface面对面地face-to-faceadj.面对面的⑴Iwantto__________________________________________________(面谈).翻译下列短语：1.(使)平静下来________________2.不得不；必须_____________________3.经历，经受________________4.记下，放下，登记________________5.遭受，患病_________________6.将……打包_______________________7.关心，挂念___________________8.对……厌烦_______________________9.与……相处；进展_____________10.相爱，爱上_______________________11.一系列___________________12.故意的_________________________13.在黄昏___________________14.为了_________________________15.面对面_____________________16.加入，参加_____________________17.平静地生活__________________18.不再___________________________重点句型While/when/before/after+doing做时间状语强调句型：Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who(人)注意：被强调部分不能是谓语动词(注意疑问句、特殊疑问句)句型：Itisthefirst/second/third.../lasttimethat+从句（现在完成时）Itwasthefirst/second/third.../lasttimethat+从句（过去完成时）sb.happentodo=ithappensthat...“碰巧”Eg：Ihappenedtobeupstairsatduskwhenthewindowwasopen.=IthappenedthatIwasupstairsatduskwhenthewindowwasopen.not...until...直到...才...Itis/wasnotuntil....that+从句直到...才....Eg:Hedidnotgotosleepuntilhisfathercameback.Itwasnotuntilhisfathercamebackthathewenttosleep.Book1unit2comeup走近；上来；提出[典例]1).Thelittlecameuptothestrangerandshowedhimhowtogettothepolicestation.小男孩向陌生人走去，并告诉他去警察局的路。2).Wewon’tforgetthedaywhenwewatchedthesuncomeupontopoftheTaiMountain.我们不会忘记那天我们一块在泰山顶看日出。3).Itiscertainthatthequestionwillcomeupatthemeeting.这个问题在会议上一定会被提出来的。4).Thesnowdropsarejustbeginningtocomeup.雪莲花刚刚开始长出地面。5).Iamafraidsomethingurgenthascomeup.恐怕发生了什么急事。[短语归纳]comeacross邂逅 comeabout发生comeat向…扑来,攻击 comefrom来自comeout出版;开花；结果是 comeupwith想出comeround绕道而来 comedown落下,塌下[练习]用come构成的词组填空。1).Thehunterwalkedacrosstheforestwhensuddenlyabear_______him.2).Themagazine__________onceamonth.3).Iwishyoucan___________toEnglandonyourholiday.4).Theengineershas______________newwaysofsavingenergy.5).They___________anoldschoolfriendinthestreetthismorning.makeuseof利用；使用 [典例]1).YououghttomakegooduseofanyopportunitytopracticeEnglish.你应该好好利用机会练习英语。[短语归纳]makegooduseof好好利用 makefulluseof充分利用makethebest/mostof充分利用[练习]1).要充分利用一切机会说英语。_____________________________________________________________________2).我们要很好地发挥她的才能。_____________________________________________________________________3.suchas例如；像这种的[典例]1).SuchpoetsasKeatsandShelleywroteRomanticpoetry.有些诗人,如济慈和雪莱,写的是浪漫主义的诗歌2).Wildflowerssuchasorchidsandprimrosesarebecomingrare.兰花和报春花之类的野花越来越少了[练习]用suchas或forexample填空1).Ilikedrinks__________teaandsoda.2).Thereportisincomplete;itdoesn’tincludesalesinFrance,________.4.playapart(in)扮演一个角色；参与[典例]1).Sheplaysanactivepartinlocalpolitics.她积极参与地方政治活动。2).Sheplayedamajorpartinthesuccessofthescheme.她对该计划的成功起了重要作用。[短语归纳]takepart(insth)参加,参与（某事物thebestpartofsth（某事物的）绝大部分（尤指一段时间）:forthemostpart整体上;通常;多半formypart就我来说[练习]中译英1).有多少国家要参加（世界杯赛）？_______________________________________________________________________________2).对我来说,到哪儿吃饭都无所谓。_______________________________________________________________________________becauseof因为；由于[典例]1).Theyareherebecauseofus.他们是因为我们来这里的。[短语归纳]becauseof是复合介词。because是从属连词，引导原因状语从句。[练习]中译英1).因为腿受伤了，他走得很慢。__________________________________________________________________________2).因为错过了公共汽车，我们只好步行回家。__________________________________________________________________________重点句型evenif=eventhough即使，尽管引导让步状语从句Eg:Evenif/Eventhoughheworksninehoursaday,hestillcan'tfinishhistask.thaneverbefore常与比较级连用，意为“比以往任何时候更”。Thestarswereshiningbrightlyinthedarksky,andthenightwasmorebeautifulthaneverbefore.繁星点缀在夜空里，夜晚比以往更美。Book1unit31.careabout关心；忧虑；惦念运用：根据汉语意思，完成英文句子。(1)难道你不为国家前途担忧吗?Don’tyoucareaboutyourcountry'sfuture?(2)你的朋友这么做是因为他们关心你。Yourfriendsareonlydoingthisbecausetheycareaboutyou.联想：(1)carefor照料，喜欢(2)takecare保重(3)takecareof照顾(=lookafter)2.givein(tosborsth)(向……)投降；屈服；让步运用：根据汉语意思，完成英文句子。(1)他宁死不屈。Hewouldratherdiethangivein.(2)你不要迁就于他。Youmustn’tgiveintohim.(3)请在下课时把练习本交上来。Pleasegiveinyourexercisebooksattheendofthelesson.联想：根据汉语意思填上合适的词(1)giveaway泄露，赠送(2)giveoff放出(光、热、气味等)(3)giveout用完，耗尽(无被动语态)(4)giveup放弃(5)giveback归还3.changeone’smind改变注意运用：根据汉语意思，完成英文句子。(1)他改变了主意，这使我很生气。Hechangedhismind,whichmademeveryangry.(2)老师很坚决，不改变主意。Theteacherwasfirmanddidnotchangehismind.联想：(1)makeupone’smind决定做某事(2)readone’smind看出某人的心思(3)speakone’smind直言不讳(4)keepsth.inmind记住4.eversince自从；从那以后用法:(1)eversince一般可用于句首，表示“自从……直到现在”。主句用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，从句用一般过去时。(2)eversince可用于句末，表示从在上文有所交代或是听话者知道的那个时间起一直到现在，即“从那时起，一直到现在”。常与现在完成时连用。■运用：根据汉语意思，完成英文句子。(1)自从离开学校，他就一直在这家公司工作。___________________________________________________________________________(2)她十年前毕业,从那时起便一直当护士。___________________________________________________________________________(3)Mr.Read三年前来中国，从那时起他就一直居住在中国___________________________________________________________________________重要句型1.insiston/uponsth./(sb’s)doing坚持某事/要求（某人）做某事Eg:Motherinsistedonourwashingtheclothesbyourselves.insistthatsb.(should)dosth.坚持要求（主张）（虚拟语气）Eg：Sheinsistedthatshe(should)organizethetripproperly.用于虚拟语气的动词：一坚持insist二命令commandorder三建议suggestadvisepropose四要求demandaskrequirerequest2.preferdoingAtodoingB A与B比更喜欢做A prefer(sb.)todo(ratherthando)宁愿做...而不愿做....preferthat-clause(虚拟语气)Eg：Ratherthantakeacrowdedbus,healwayspreferstorideabicycle.Ipreferreadingbookstodoingsports.Wouldyoupreferthatweputoffourweddingtillnextmouth?Book1unit41.rightaway立刻，马上[典例]1).I’llreturnthebooktoyourightaway.我会马上还书给你。2).Ifwarbreaksout,weshallbecalleduprightaway.如果战争爆发，我们将立即被征召服役。[短语归纳]“立刻，马上”的表达方式：rightaway，rightnow，atonce，immediately，innotime2.atanend结束，终结（=finished）[典例]1).Thewarwasfinallyatanend.战争终于结束了。[短语归纳]与end搭配的常用短语attheendof在……末尾 bytheendof在……末为止intheend最后，终于 atalooseend无所事事，处于杂乱状态makeendsmeet收支相抵[练习]用attheendof,bytheendof和intheend填空。1).HowmanyEnglishwordshaveyoulearned____________lastterm?2).Hebecameanoutstandingdoctor___________.3).MyunclewillflytoChina_________thisyear.3.insteadof代替，而不是[典例]1).TheChineseusechopsticksinsteadofknivesandforks.中国人不用刀叉,用筷子。2).Insteadofworking,Jackwasidlingawayhistime.杰克不去工作,虚度着光阴。3).ShedecidedtoleavehereonSundayinsteadofMonday.她决定星期日而不是星期一离开这里。[短语归纳]instead是副词，单独使用，用于句首或句末作状语，意为“代替；相反”。insteadof是复合介词，后接名词、代词、或动名词，其后面的动作，意为“代替、而不……”。inplaceof为介词短语，也是“代替、而不”的意思，表“以甲代乙”，不含比，而insteadof则是“用甲不用乙”，除“代替”外，还有对乙作否定的意思，有时意为“不”。taketheplaceof作谓语，用在名词、代词前。[练习]单项选择。1).Tractors_____________horsesinmanyplaces.A.inplaceofB.havetakentheplaceofC.insteadD.insteadof2).Youshouldbeoutplaying___________workingindoorsallday.A.inspiteofB.taketheplaceofC.insteadD.insteadof4.tensofthousandsof数以万计的[典例]1).Tensofthousandsofpeoplewerewatchingthegameinthestadium.[短语归纳]hundredsof数百的 hundredsofandthousandsof成百上千的thousandsof数千的 millionsof数百万的dozensof许多；大量 scoresof许多；大量[练习]选择填空1).Everyyear________foreignvisitorscometoChina.A.tensofthousandsof B.tenthousandsofC.overtenthousands D.thousandsuponthousands2).Therewere____________peopleinthehall.A.twoscoresof B.scoresofC.twoandscore D.twoscores重点句型Itseemedasif/that…似乎；好像Eg:Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!仿佛到了世界末日！Itseemedasifnothinghadhappened.好像什么事也没有发生过似的。2.all…not=notall…并非都/并非一切……注意：表示“全体”意义的代词、副词或形容“all,both,every,everybody,always”等和否定副词not连用时表部分否定,而“none,neither,nobody,nothing”等表完全否定。Eg:Everystudentisnotanexcellentstudent.不是每个学生都是优等生。Notalloftheantsgooutforthefood.并非所有的蚂蚁出去觅食。Wecouldn’teatinarestaurantbecausenoneofushadmoneyon/withus.我们不能在餐馆吃因为我们大家身上都没带钱。Book1unit51.beinprison在狱中，被监禁[典例]1).Hefoughtfortheblackpeopleandwasinprisonforthirtyyears.[短语归纳]put…inprison=send…toprison=throw…intoprison把……投入监狱[练习]用be,put,send,throw的恰当形式填空。1).Thelawyerfinallythemurdererintoprison.2).Therobberinprisonforseveralyears.3).Thethiefbeggedtheguardfornothimtoprison.4).Lastyear,themaninprisonforstealingacar.2.outofwork失业,出问题[典例]1).Jimhasbeenoutofworkforseveralmonths.吉姆已经失业几个月了。2).Mary’scellphonehasbeenoutofworkforseveraldays,whichbroughtheralotofinconvenience.玛丽的手机坏了好几天了，这给她带来了很多不便。[短语归纳]inwork有工作outofbreath 上气不接下气 outofpatience不耐烦outofuse没用了 outofdate过时outoforder次序颠倒；出故障outofcontrol失控 outofdanger脱离危险 outofshape变形Outofsight,outofmind.眼不见,心不烦。[练习]用适当的介词（短语）填空。1).Althoughmycomputerisdatenow,butit’sstilluse.2).Afterfours’operation,thepatienthasbeendanger.3.loseheart丧失勇气或信心[典例]1).Hefailedmanytimes,buthedidn’tloseheart.他失败了许多次，但他并没有失去信心。2).Nomatterwhatyoudo,neverloseheart.不管你做什么，千万不要失去信心。[短语归纳]loseone'sjob失业 loseone'sbalance失去平衡loseone'sbreath上气不接下气loseone'sheart(tosb/sth)爱上loseone'slife丧生;遇害 loseface丢脸;受屈辱[练习]中译英1).不要失去信心，一切都会好起来的。________________________________________________________2).她喜欢上了一位年轻士兵。_________________________________________________________________重要句型Thetimewhen………的时间（时候）……Eg：TellmethetimewhentheWinterOlympicGamesbegan.告诉我冬奥会是什么时候开始的。倒装句：1.由only引导的倒装句。“only+状语（副词、介词短语、状语从句）”放在句首，用部分倒装。倒装于主语之前的动词仅限于“be动词，情态动词，助动词do，does,did,have/has/had”等特殊动词。句型结构：“only+状语(副词、介词短语、状语从句)+be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语+其它”Eg:IknewtheeffectivewaytolearnEnglishwellonlyatthatmoment.OnlyatthatmomentdidIknowtheeffectivewaytolearnEnglishwell.2.否定词或部分否定词放句首时如nor，neither,notonly,也用部分倒装。3.so+adj./adv放在句首，也用部分倒装。Book2unit1insearchof寻找(tryingtofind)(短语介词)thesearchfor寻找(名词短语)searchfor寻找(短语动词)search+某人或某地+for为找到……而搜查某地或搜某人的身(1)我到处寻找我的眼镜。Ilookedeverywhere_________________myglasses.(2)父母到处找孩子，但没有找到。Theparents_________________theirchildhereandthere,buttheydidn’tfindhim.(3)这对夫妇为了找到他们丢失的小孩找遍了整条街。Thecouple_________thewholestreet_______theirlostchild.belongto属于;为……的一员。注意：(1)只用于主动语态，不能用于被动语态；(2)只用于一般时态，不用于进行时态。(3)千万不要受汉语“属于某人的”的影响，而在belongto后误接表示“某人的”的物主代词或者名词的所有格，应当接宾格或者直接接名词。例：(1)这辆自行车是他的Thebikebelongstohim（接宾格）练习：他是高尔夫球(golf)俱乐部的会员。He___________________________.3.inreturn作为报答；回报(adv.)inturn依次地，轮流地(adv.)运用：用inreturn或inturn填空。(1)Thestudentscleantheclassroomeveryday____________.(2)Isenthimapresent____________forhishelp.(3)Theteacherhelpedallthechildren___________________.(4)Hewasalwaysreadytohelpothers,____________,hewaslikedbyeveryone.4.atwar处于交战状态Thetwocountriesareatwar.两国还在交战。说明：“at＋某些名词”表示“处于某种状态”，又如atwork(在工作),atrisk(在危险中)。5.lessthan少于less…than…不如(1)他们中大多数不到30岁。Mostofthemare_______________.(2)他不如她高。Heisnotsotallassheis.=Heis_____________sheis.takeapart拆卸，拆开翻译：机器已被拆开。_____________________________________________________________________7.thinkhighlyof(=haveagood/highopinionof)看重，对……评价很高(1)我们对我们的老师评价很高。We________________________________.联想：thinkmuchof重视thinklittleof不重视thinkwellof对……看法好thinkbadlyof对……印象不好重点句型Thisis/wasatimewhen…正值是……的时期注意：when引导定语从句，atime是先行词，表示“一个阶段（时期）”，this可以改换成that,there。Eg:Thisisatimewhencollegegraduatesarebusyhuntingforjobs.这正是大学生忙着找工作的时候.doubt用作动词，在肯定句中，其后通常接whether,if引导的宾语从句，doubtwhether/if:Eg:Idoubtif/whetherwewillwinthegame.我怀疑我们能否能取得胜利。在否定句或疑问句中通常接that从句,that引导同位语从句，that不可省略。Thereisnodoubtthat+从句Eg:Thereisnodoubtthatwewillbesuccessful.毫无疑问我们会成功的。情态动词+havedone(对过去发生的事实的推测）情态动词not+havedone(对过去发生的事实的否定推测)book2unit21.standfor(不用于被动)代表(represent)，象征；是……的缩写，支持(support)运用：写出下列句中standfor的不同意思。WHOstandsforWorldHealthOrganization.Theolivebranchstandsforpeace.(3)Noonestandsforhispointofview.2.aswellas也，又，还；和……一样好⑴Englishaswellasmanyothersubjects,______(be)ofgreatimportance.=NotonlyEnglishbutalsoothersubjects______(be)ofgreatimportance.oneafteranother陆续地；一个接一个地翻译:学生一个接一个地走出了教室。__________________________________________incharge看管；主管inchargeof负责……；主管……in/underthechargeof由……主管/负责undersb’scharge在某人照看下takechargeof掌管，负责，承担.⑴Hewasleft_____________thecompanywhilethemanagerwasaway.⑵Thehotel_______180yuananight.(3)Whois__________here?(4)Theoperationis_________________ProfessorLi.5.usedtodo过去常常做beusedtodoing习惯于做某事beusedtodo=beusedfordoingsth.被用来做……他过去常常打篮球，但现在却习惯于打羽毛球。__________________________________________________________________________重点句型asmuch...as....跟....到同一程度Eg:Itisasmuchourresponsibilityasyours.类似的有：as+adj.+a/an+n+as...Eg:Idon'twantasexpensiveacarasthis.我不要这么贵的车。getmarried（tosb.）（和某人）结婚表示延续时，只能使用被动语态。Eg：Theyhavebeenmarriedforamonth.他们已经结婚一个月了。Book2unit31.asaresult结果(短语副词，不能接任何词，前后常有标点)asaresultof由于……的结果(短语介词，后面接名词或代词)resultfrom(接原因)因……而……resultin(接结果)导致他工作努力，因此被大家表扬。Heworkshard，and____________，heispraisedbyall.由于飞行员罢工，所有的航班都被迫取消。____________thepilots’strike，allflightshavehadtobecancelled.2.so+adj./adv.＋that...如此……以致于……so+adj.+a+单数可数名词＋that...somany/much(多)/few/little(少)+名词+that...她很和蔼，我们都喜欢她。Sheis___________wealllikeher.⑵她是一位非常和蔼的老师，我们都喜欢她。Sheis___________teacherthatwealllikeher.=Sheissuchakindteacherthatwealllikeher.(3)食物太多了，我们吃不完。Therewas______________thatwecouldn’teatitall.3.withthehelpof在……的帮助下⑴在一位警察的帮助下，我最终找到了他的房子。Ifoundhishouse__________________________.dealwith处理，涉及，对付辨析：dealwith与dowithdowith中的do是及物动词，表示如何“处置”，常与what连用，what是do的宾语；而dealwith中的deal是不及物动词，表示如何应付或安排什么，常用how，how是dealwith的状语。请比较：Whatdoyouproposetodowiththeletter?Haveyouanysuggestionsonhowtodealwiththesedifficulties?watchover看守；监视；照看watchout(for)当心；注意watchforsb./sth.观察等待⑴他们等待着进一步的发展。Theyare____________furtherdevelopments.⑵小心!汽车来了。_____________!There’sacarcoming.⑶我去游泳，你帮我看一下衣服好吗?Willyou___________myclotheswhileIhaveaswim?6.ina/oneway,insomeways在某种程度上，从某种意义上说intheway造成阻碍bytheway顺便说一下onone’swayto在去……的路上⑴从某种程度上说，我很喜欢这本新教材。___________，Ilikethisnewtextbookverymuch.(2)看来你的自行车挡着道了。I’mafraidyourbikeis_____________.重要句型1.by+过去时间，句子用过去完成时；by+将来时间，句子用将来完成时；Eg:Bytheendoflastmonth,wehadlearned2,000words.Bytheendofnextmonth,wewillhavelearned2,000words.2.so+adj.／adv.+thatclause（so后跟形容词或副词）:Eg:Herunssofastthatnobodycancatchupwithhim.

Heissogoodthateverybodylovesandrespectshim.so+adj+a/an+n+that:Eg:Heissogoodadoctorthateverybodylovesandrespectshim.such(a／an)+adj.+n．+thatclause（such后跟名词）Eg:Heissuchagooddoctorthateverybodylovesandrespectshim.somany/few/much/little+n.ThatEg:Hehadsolittleconfidenceinhimselfthathefinallygaveup.Book2unit4dieout灭绝；逐渐消失2.indanger(of)在危险中;垂危outofdanger脱离危险(1)Heisindanger___________hisjobifhegoesonlikethis.他再这样下去会丢掉工作的危险。(2)Thesickman’slifehadbeen_________,butnowhewas_____________.病人的生命曾处于危险之中，现在已脱离危险。3.burstintolaughter突然笑起来burstinto+n.=burstoutdoing突然……起来(尤指哭、笑、唱等)。如：(1)burstintolaughter=burstoutlaughing突然笑起来(2)burstintotears=burstoutcrying突然哭起来(3)burstintosong=burstoutsinging突然唱起来完成下列句子：(1)当我说这笑话时每个人都忍不住笑出来。WhenItoldthejokeeveryoneburst________________________________________.(2)他突然无缘无故地大哭起来。弄得大家不知所措。Heburst_________________________fornoreason,leavingallofusatatect…from…保护……不受……(危害)keep…fromstop…from阻止…不受prevent…from翻译下列短语。1.结果________________________2.灭绝_______________________3.与……和睦相处______________4.在危险中__________________5._保护……不受(伤害)___________6.注意_______________________7.形成；产生____________________8.过去常常__________________9.穿上衣服___________________10.按照，根据……所说___________11.飞走________________________12.带回______________________13.从…消失____________________14.转身_____________________15.如释重负_____________________16.与…相比________________17.突然大笑___________________18.以至于，为了________________重要句型Ittakes/is+时间+before…过了一段时间才…Eg:Ittookseveralmonthsbeforethefinancialcrisiscametoanend.过了几个月经济危机(crisis)才结束。感叹句：What+n+主语+谓语！Eg:Whatatallboyheis!他是多么高的一个男孩啊！Whatcleverstudentstheyare!他们是多么聪明的学生啊！How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语！Eg:Howbeautifulourschoolis!我们的学校多美丽啊！No…,no… 没有……就没有……Eg:Nopains,nogains.没付出就没有回报。4.抽烟对人们的身体健康有害。Eg:Smokingdoesharmtopeople’shealth.Smokingisharmfultopeople’shealth.5.他成功通过了考试。Eg：Hesucceededinpassingthetest.Hewassuccessfulinpassingthetest.Book2unit5breakup打碎，分裂，解体breakaway(from)挣脱，脱离breakdown(机器)损坏；破坏breakout突发；爆发翻译下列短语。1.梦见、梦想_____________________2.老实说_________________________3.戏弄，捉弄_____________________4.依赖，依靠_____________________5.对…熟悉_______________________6.为…所熟悉_____________________7.想出___________________________8.谋生___________________________9.用现金_________________________10.此外，另外____________________11.大约___________________________12.分类________________________13.最重要的是_______________________重要句型1.主语+be+adj.+enough+todo某人/物足够做某事Eg：Kitty很聪明，能够做各种各样的风筝。Kittyiscleverenoughtomakeallkindsofkites.inadditionadv.另外，相当于also/aswellas等。Eg:Jason有一对双胞胎女儿，另外还有和前妻的一个孩子。Jasonhastwindaughters.Inaddition,hehasanotherchildbyhisfirstwife.Inadditionto加于.......之上，除了......之外有.。相当于besides。Eg：Inadditiontoteaching,sheworksasanurseintheholidays.除了教书，她在假期里还做护士。3.It'shonestofsb.todosth.=sb.ishonesttodosth.某人做某事是诚实的behonestwithsb/behonestaboutsth/behonestin(doing)sth对...老实，诚恳限制性定语从句关系词关系代词：who,whomwhich,that,whose1.who/whom指人,在从句中分别作主语和宾语TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.（主语）Thisistheboy(whom/who)yousawjustnow.（宾语）2.Which指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语可省略Theyplantedthetreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.(主语)Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh.(宾语)3.that指人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。Thehouse(that)I’mgoingtobuyfacessouth.(指物,做从句宾语)Idon’tknowthemanwhocameintotheroom(指人,做从句主语)4.whose指人或物,在从句中作定语；若指物，也可用ofwhich.Sheisthegirlwhosemotherisadoctor.(whose指人，做定语)whosemother=themotherofwhomThisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.（指物，做定语）whosecover=thecoverofwhich只能用that做关系代词的情况1. 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时Heisthefirststudentthatgetstoschooleveryday.ThisisthehighestbuildingthatIhaveeverseen.2.当先行词是不定代词时,如:all,few,little,much,every,something,anything,everything,none等AllthatIwantistohaveagoodrest.3当人和物合做先行词时Theboyandhisdogthatliketoplaywitheachotherarebotheatingbreakfastnow.4.当先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,theright,等修饰时ThisistheverybookIamlookingfor.5.当先行词被little,few,no,any,much,all,every等修饰时Alltheapplesthatfallfromthetreesareeatenbywildbears.6.在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中Whoisthemanthatisstandingoverthere.关系副词:when,where,why1.When:修饰的先行词是表示时间的词，如time,moment,month,day,year等,在定语从句中做时间状语，可以由介词＋关系代词替代。Istillrememberthedayswhen/inwhichwestudiedtogether.注意：如果表示时间的先行词在定语从句中不作时间状语,而是作主语或宾语;定语从句不能由关系副词when引导,而应由关系代词that或which引导.Istillrememberthedays(which/that)wespenttogether.Iwillneverforgetthetimewhich/thatareunforgettableinmylifetime2.where:修饰的先行词是表示地点的词，如school,house,place,room,factory等，在定语从句中做地点状语，可以由介词＋关系代词替代。Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichshewasborn.注意：如果表示地点的先行词在定语从句中不做地点状语,而是作主语或宾语;定语从句不能由关系副词where引导,而应由关系代词that或which引导.Thisisthehouse(which/that)heboughtlastyear.Theschoolwhich/thatisverylargebelongstolocalgovernment3.why:修饰先行词reason，在定语从句中做原因状语，可以由介词＋关系代词（forwhich）替代。Thereasonwhy/forwhichheleftearlywasthathewasill.注意：如果先行词reason在定语从句中不作原因状语,而是作主语或宾语.定语从句不能由关系副词why引导,而应由关系代词that或which引导.Thereason(that/which)hegaveusforbeinglatewasacceptable.Thereasonthat/whichwasofferedbyhimwasunacceptable.介词+关系代词1.在“介词+关系代词”中，先行词指人时只能用whom;先行词指物时只能用which.Thisistheboyforwhomwehavebeenwaiting.Sundayisaholidayonwhichpeopledonotgotowork.2.“介词＋which/whom”结构中介词的确定（１）、根据从句中谓语动词(形容词)的搭配。ThisisthebookforwhichIpaidfive$.（2）、根据先行词的搭配习惯IstillrememberthedayonwhichIjoinedtheparty.（3）根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?数词/代词/名词/形容词最高级+of+关系代词”在非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词/名词/形容词最高级+of+关系代词”的结构，如：1.Inourfactorythereare800workers,40percentofwhomarewomen.2.Theoldmanhastwosons,bothofwhomaredoctors.3.Thecake,halfofwhichwaseaten,wasboughtforLily’sbirthday.4.Shehassixchildren,thecleverestofwhomisJohn.练习1．Footballisaveryinterestinggame,___________isplayedallovertheworld．A．thatB．whichC．itD．who2．Isthereanythingelse____________yourequire?A．whichB．thatC．whoD．what3．Thelastplace_____________wevisitedwastheGreatWall．A．whichB．thatC．whereD．it4．Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks____________interestedhimgreatlyintheschool．A．whichB．whoC．itD．that5．Therailwaytunnel,through_____________thetraingoes,willbecompletedsoon．A．whichB．thatC．itD．whom6．Hisuncleworksinafactory________________bicyclesaremade．A．thatB．whichC．whereD．there7．Thereisnodictionary____________youcanfindeverything．A．thatB．whichC．whereD．inthat8．Nextmonth,_________you’llspendinyourhometowniscoming．A．whichB．thatC．whenD．where9．Nextmonth,__________you’llbeinyourhometowniscoming．A．whichB．thatC．whenD．where10．Ioftenthoughtofmychildhood,___________Ilivedonafarm．A．whichB．whereC．whenD．who11．Hewantedtoknowthetime_____________heneededtoknow．A．thatB．whenC．whereD．what12．Thereisn’tsomuchnoiseinthecountry___________inbigcities．A．thatB．whichC．whereD．as13．Theycouldonlyreadsuchstories__________hadbeenrewritteninsimpleEnglish．A．thatB．whichC．asD．what14．Thestemsofbamboo______________arehollowmakesthemverylight．A．whichB．asC．thatD．it15．Crusoe’sdogbecameillanddied,______________madehimverylonely．A．asB．whichC．thatD．this16．They’veinvitedmetotheirparty,_______________iskindofthem．A．asB．whichC．ThatD．this17．______________weknownow,batscomeoutonlyatnight．A．AsB．WhichC．ThatD．What18．Johngotbeateninthegame,_____________hadbeenexpected．A．asB．thatC．whatD．who19．____________hasbeensaidabove,grammarisasetofdeadrules．A．WhichB．WhatC．ThatD．As20．Doyouknowthereason_____________hewaslate?A．thatB．whichC．forwhatD．forwhich21．Hebuiltatelescope______________hecouldstudytheskies．A．inwhichB．withthatC．throughwhichD．byit22．Ihaveboughttwoballpens,______________writeswell．A．noneofwhichB．neitherofwhichC．noneofthemD．neitherofthem23．Therearetwothousandstudentsinourschool,______________aregirls．A．twothirdsofwhomB．two-thirdsofthemC．two-thirdinthemD．two-thirdsinwhich24．Doyouknowtheman_______________?A．whomIspokeB．towhoIspokeC．IspoketoD．thatIspoke25．Thefactory_____________we’llvisitnextweekisn’tfarfromhere．A．whereB．inwhichC．which