2024年全球数字化工作的兴起

Incollaboration

withCapgemini

TheRiseofGlobalDigitalJobs

WHITEPAPER

JANUARY2024

Images:GettyImages

Contents

Foreword

3

Executivesummary

4

Introduction

5

1Digitaljobsconducivetoglobalwork–nowandin2030

8

2Currentandpotentialfuturesizeofglobaldigitaljobs

15

Conclusion

18

Appendix:Methodology

19

Contributors

21

Endnotes

22

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TheRiseofGlobalDigitalJobs2

January2024

TheRiseofGlobalDigitalJobs

Foreword

AnneLebel

GroupChiefHuman

ResourcesOfficer,Capgemini

Globallabourmarketsaretransformingrapidlyastechnologyadoption,thegreentransitionandmacroeconomictrendsdriveindustrychange.

Inparticular,widespreaddigitalaccessandthepandemic-erashifttoremoteworkhaveledtosomeworkbeingperformedwhollyremotely

and,whilethedebatesaroundthebenefitsand

challengesofremoteorhybridworkcontinue,

newpossibilitieshaveopenedtoemployersand

workersalike.Communicationandcollaboration

software,cloud-basedknowledgemanagement

andemployeeexperiencesolutions,aswellasmoreearly-stagetechnologiessuchasthemetaverseandartificialintelligence(AI),continuetofurthershape

workforcepracticesandenablemorejobstobedoneremotely.

Labourmarketsinadvancedeconomieshave

beenexceptionallytightwhilethoseindeveloping

economiesfacehigherratesofunemployment.

Demographictrendsarelikelytoexacerbatethesepatternsasmanyhigher-incomeeconomiesexpectanageinganddeclininglabourforce,whilemany

lower-incomeeconomiesexpectagrowingworking-agepopulationseekingemploymentopportunities.

Education,particularlytertiaryeducation,hasrisengloballyinadvancedanddevelopingeconomiesalikeandtheriseofonlineeducationhasmade

accesstothelatestknowledgeforupskillingandreskillingwidelyaccessible.Intheory,talentis

morewidelyavailablearoundtheworlddespitedifferencesinnationalpatternsandchallenges.

Thesethreepatternstogetherpointtothe

potentialformoretechnology-drivendigital

collaborationacrossglobaltalentvaluechains,

wherecollaboratorscanbeindependentof

locationandtime.Onlineworkplatformsalreadyenableglobal“gigwork”butfurtherglobalizationofprofessional,whitecollarandservicesworkislikelytoemerge.Globaldigitaljobs,ifmanagedwell,poseopportunitiesforcountries,companiesandworkersaroundtheworldthroughenabling

SaadiaZahidi

ManagingDirector,WorldEconomicForum

accesstoglobaltalentandjobsindependentof

geographiclocation,respondingtotalentavailabilitypressuresandimprovingsocialandeconomic

outcomesglobally.Suchdigitalmigrationwhere

workersandjobscancrossbordersfreelyand

virtuallyalsocomeswithchallenges(outdatedtaxandlabourregulations,amongothers)andrisks

(potentiallossesofrolesinhigher-paidregionsandwageundercuttingandlow-qualityjobsinothers),similartopreviouswavesofglobalizationinphysicalwork.Policy-makers,employersandworkers

needtogetaheadofthesepatternstodevelopaninclusive,safeandthrivingglobaldigitalworkforce.

Thispaper,thefirstinaseries,aimstoassesswhichjobsmaybemostconducivetowhollyremoteworkandarethereforemostlikelytobecomeglobal

digitaljobs.Thepaperlooksatthewagelevels

oftheserolesintheUSeconomy,theirgrowthor

declineoutlook,andestimatestheirglobalquantitiesnowandin2030.Weintendfortheanalysisinthispapertoinformandenablestakeholders–businessleaders,policy-makersandworkers–tolearnmoreaboutthe“remotability”ofrolesandtheirpotentialforbecomingglobaldigitaljobs.Wewillfollowup

onthisanalysisin2024withfurtherworkonthe

risks,challenges,opportunitiesandstrategiesforfacilitatinganeffective,well-managedandequitabletransitiontoaglobaldigitalworkforce.

Wearedeeplygratefultothepartnersand

constituentsoftheCentrefortheNewEconomy

andSocietyfortheirleadershipofthejobsagenda,andforthecollaborationwithCapgeminionthis

report.ThefindingsofthispaperwillserveasakeytoolfortheWorldEconomicForum’sjobsinitiative,includingtheJobsConsortium,aglobalcoalitionofministersandchiefexecutiveofficersthatpromotesabetterfutureofworkviajobcreationandjob

transitions,andtheJobsAccelerators,whichare

country-specificplatformsthatfacilitatepublic-

privatecollaborationonjobcreationandjobquality.

TheRiseofGlobalDigitalJobs3

Executivesummary

Globaldigitaljobscouldhelpbalancehigher-

incomecountryskillshortages,whileenablingademographicdividendinlower-incomecountries.

Technologydevelopmentandadoption,thegreentransitionandmacroeconomicconditionsare

transforminggloballabourmarkets,withjobchurnlikelytoaffectaquarterofalljobsinthenextfiveyearsthroughbothemergingjobsanddeclining

ones.Simultaneously,thenatureofhowthatworkoccursischanging,with“digitalwork”thatcanbeperformedremotely,alongsidegloballyexpandingtechnologyaccess,creatingthepossibilityfor

peopletoworkfromanywhere.

Manyadvancedeconomiesalreadyfacetight

labourmarketsandtalentshortages.Demographicchangesarefurthershiftingthepresenceof

working-agepeopletowardslower-income

countries.Thesecountrieswillhavealmost50%

moreworking-agepeoplethanhigher-income

countriesinjust20years,comparedtoaneven

distributiontoday.Thesetrends,alongsidewider

educationaccess,couldenablemoreglobalized

talentvaluechains.Thiscouldenhanceaccessibilitytojobsforpeopleregardlessoftheirlocaleconomicstructure,personalmobilityorlocalnetworks,whilepresentingpotentialchallengesinhigher-income

locations,includingreducedwagesandtaxandlabourlawchallenges.

Thispaper,thefirstinaseries,explorestheoutlookforglobaldigitaljobs.Upcomingworkin2024,incollaborationwithCapgemini,willdelvedeeper

intorisksandopportunities,enablersandbarriers,andcasestudies,proposingbusinessandpolicyactionsforasafe,inclusiveandthrivingglobal

digitalworkforce.

Thispaperfirstassessesthejobsmostconducivetobeingdonefromanywheretodaybyidentifyingjobswhereallcomponenttaskscanbeperformedfromanywhereintheworld.Thepaperthen

projectsthisto2030byremovingtasksthatareexpectedtobeautomatedbytechnology

developmentandincorporatingthejobgrowthanddeclineexpectationsfromtheFutureofJobsReport2023.Keyfindingsinclude:

–Intotal,218jobtypesoutof5,400areconducivetobecomingglobaldigitaljobs–theserepresent73millionworkers,outofthe820milliontotal

globalworkersrepresentedbytheInternational

LabourOrganization(ILO)’soccupation

employmentstatistics.Justunder40%oftheseareinaccounting,legalandfinanceroles,whilecustomerservicerepresentatives,marketing,

advertisingandcommunicationprofessionalsandITprofessionalseachmakeuparound10%of

totaljobs.

–Thesepotentiallyglobaldigitaljobsvaryacrossthewagespectrum(usingUSdata),including:high-incomejobs(over$75,000),suchas

softwaredevelopers,financialriskspecialists

andfinancialmanagers;middle-incomejobs

($42,500-75,000),suchasgraphicdesigners,paralegalsandinsuranceinvestigators;and

relativelylow-income(under$42,500)jobssuchascustomerservicerepresentatives,billand

accountcollectors,andtelemarketers.

–By2030,thenumberofthesejobsisexpectedtorisetoaround92million.Thesejobsare

skewedmoretowardshigher-payingrolesduetogrowthinhigher-wageglobaldigitaljobs,declineinlower-wageglobaldigitaljobs,andthenew

globaldigitaljobsbeingexclusivelyhigh-andmiddle-incomeroles.

Ifmanagedwell,globaldigitaljobspresentan

opportunitytoutilizetalentaroundtheworld,wideningthetalentpoolavailabletoemployersandproviding

economicgrowthpathwaystocountriesacross

theincomespectrum.Thisrequiresbroadaccesstodigitalinfrastructure,educationalandvocationaltrainingprogrammes,andcompetitiononskillsandtalentratherthanlowerwages.Globalemployers,meanwhile,needtocomplementtraditional

approachestoworkforcemanagementwithnew

tools,proactivelyexpandingrecruitmentpoolsand

creatingaculturethatembraceshybridoperating

modelsforallworkers.Futurepapersinthisserieswillexplorerisksandopportunitiesandtheirimplications.

TheRiseofGlobalDigitalJobs4

Introduction

Theglobalworking-agepopulationisshiftingtowardslower-incomecountries,while

emergingtechnologiesenablemorefullyremotewaysofworking.

Jobsandworkforcein

transformation

Accordingtofindingsfromthe

FutureofJobsReport

2023

,thethreefactorsmostlikelytotransform

businessesinthenextfiveyearsaretechnology

developmentandadoption,thegreentransitionandmacroeconomicconditions.1Thereportestimatesthattheequivalentofaquarteroftoday’sjobswill

changeasjobsareeithercreatedordisplaced.Asaresult,theoutlookisforgrowthinmanytechnology-enabledrolesandgreenjobs.Meanwhile,roles

thatmayfaceautomationareexpectedtodecline.Theseshiftsmeanthatmanyworkerswillneedtotransitionbetweentheircurrentexpertiseandfuturedemands.Already,itisapparentthattherapid

developmentofgenerativeAIischangingthefaceofmanyjobs.

JobsofTomorrow:LargeLanguage

ModelsandJobs

2assessesthepotentialimpactoflargelanguagemodelsonjobs,findingover60%ofworktimecouldbeimpactedbythistechnology.

Inparallel,growthandageingacrossdifferent

geographiesaretransformingthedistributionof

theglobalworking-agepopulation.Currently,

theglobalworking-agepopulationisdistributed

almostequally(51:49)betweenlower-income

andhigher-incomecountries.Intwodecades,

thisdistributionwillbecome60:403towards

lower-incomeeconomies,meaningtherewillbe

50%moreworking-agepeopleinlower-income

thanhigher-incomecountries.Figure1illustrates

thisworking-agepopulationredistribution.

FIGURE1

Working-agepopulationprojectionsbyincomegroup

6

Low

Totalworking-age

population(billions)

Bycountryincomegroup

4

Lower-middle

2

Upper-middle

High

0

20222024202620282030203220342036203820402044

Source:UnitedNations

Forlower-incomecountries,theincrease

inworking-agepeoplepresentsapotential

demographicdividendandcouldsetoffavirtuouscycleforeconomicoutput,taxrevenuesand

materiallivingstandards,butisdependenton

significantlylargelevelsofhigh-qualityjobcreation.Under-employment,especiallyforyoungpeople,isalreadyachallengeinmanysucheconomies,

accordingtoILOdata.4

Formanyhigher-incomecountries,unemploymentandunder-employmentareathistoricallowswith

labourshortagesinEurope,wherealmost3in10

manufacturingandservicefirmsreportedlabour

constraints,andtheUnitedStates,wherecloseto70%ofjobopeningsinwholesaleandconsumer

goodsremainunfilled.5Theinabilitytoattracttalentisalreadyconsideredtheleadingbarriertobusinesstransformation,withemployersfromhigh-income

countriesmostconcerned.Forthesecountries,thestructuralreductionofworking-agepeopleisexpectedtoexacerbatelabourshortages.

TheRiseofGlobalDigitalJobs5

Generative

AIwillcontinue

tochangethe

makeupofjobs,

resultinginhigh

augmentationforsomeoccupationsandfunctions,

whileotherscouldseemostoftheirtasksautomated.

riseofremotework

The

technologies

Technologicaladvancementandthedigital

revolutionhaveincreasedtheabilitytoperform

tasks,connect,andcommunicategloballyand

remotely.FourthIndustrialRevolutiontechnologieshavebeenshapingtheworldofworkforthelasttwodecades;butitwastheCOVID-19pandemicthatacceleratedtheadoptionofday-to-daydigitaltechnologiesintheworkplaceandtheacceptanceofremote,hybridandothernewworkpractices.

Thereisbroaduptakeoftechnologiessuchas

communicationandcollaborationsoftware,cloud-basedknowledgemanagementandprogramming.Othermoreearly-stagetechnologiescouldfurthershapeworkforcepracticesandenablemorejobs

tobedonefromanywhereintheworld.TheseareanalysedinmoredetailinCapgemini’s

Technovision

2023

,6theWorldEconomicForum’sFutureof

JobsReport2023andJobsofTomorrow:LargeLanguageModelsandJobs.Forexample:

–Integratedworkforceandcollaboration

technologiescanidentifyopportunities

bymatchingprojectskillrequirementswith

thecapabilitiesanddevelopmentgoalsof

employeesanywhereintheworld.Thisenablesorganizationstoboostdiversityofthought

bybringingtogetherdiverseculturesandbackgrounds.

–Metaversetechnologiesarecreating

newplatformsandtoolsthatenablevirtual

conferencesandcanmakescarce,highly

specializedknowledgeavailablegloballywithouttheneedtophysicallytravel.

–Decentralizedautonomousorganization

(DAO)solutionsareidentifiedasatechnologythatcanshapegovernance,skills,recruitmentandcompensationmanagement,establishingblockchain-governed,collectivelyowned,

transparentorganizationswithsharedmissionsfrominvestmentsandgrantstoart,mediaandsocialimpact.

–GenerativeAIwillcontinuetochangethe

makeupofjobs,resultinginhighaugmentationforsomeoccupationsandfunctions,while

otherscouldseemostoftheirtasksautomated.

Historically,peoplehavemovedwithinandacrossborderstoseekoutlabourmarketopportunities

matchedtotheirskillsandneeds.Remotework

technologiescannowenablealargeglobal

digitalworkforcetoworkfromanywhere.There

ismuchdebateaboutthebenefitsofremoteandhybridworkcomparedtoin-personwork,but

thewidertrendisexpectedtostay.Withhigher

educationandlifelonglearningflourishingglobally,7combinedwiththepressuresandopportunitiesofdemographicshifts,talentwillgenerallybemore

widelyavailableandmoreeasilyaccessibleacrosstheglobe.

Thesedevelopmentspresentanopportunityto

createremotejobsthatmeetpeoplewheretheyare,enablingemployerstoaccessanddeploytalentfromaglobalmarketplacewhileincreasingtheaccessibilityofworkthroughglobaldigitaljobs.8Such“digital

migration”presentsopportunitiesforadvanced

economiesfacingtalentshortagesandemerging

economiesfacingyouthbulges,bringingpeopleandbusinessfromdifferingbackgroundsclosertogetherandexpandingeconomicopportunityglobally.

Organizationsalsoidentifytheopportunityofdigital

TheRiseofGlobalDigitalJobs6

migration,with70%perceivingthatproductivitygainsresultfromremotework,whilemostexecutivesexpectittoexpandrecruitmentpoolsandreducetheircarbonfootprint.9Itdoes,however,alsoposechallenges

andrisksthatneedtobemanaged,suchas:

–Digitaltechnologyoutpacinghumaningenuity(meaningjobsaredisplacedfasterthantheycanbecreated10)

–Depressedproductivitygainsinlate-developingeconomiesasthetechnologiesdrivinggains

havebeendevelopedforthelabourcapabilitiesofadvancedeconomies11

–Recalibratingoperationalmodelstoenablesuccessfuldistributedteams.12

Theglobalizationoftalentanddigitaljobs

Thispaper,thefirstinaseries,exploresthe

outlookforglobaldigitaljobsandaglobaldigital

workforce–definedas“jobsandworkforces

distributedacrossbordersindifferentgeographies,empoweredbydigitaltoolstoperformtheirtasks,connect,andcommunicateglobally”.Thepurposeofthiswhitepaperistoexploretheoutlookfor

thesejobstodayandin2030.Upcomingwork

in2024,incollaborationwithCapgemini,will

delvedeeperintospecificpromisinggeographies,enablers,barriersandcasestudies,andpropose

businessandpolicyactionstowardsbuildingasafe,inclusiveandthrivingglobaldigitalworkforce.

Thepaperdeconstructsjobsintotasksand

assesseswhetherthesetaskscouldbeperformedfromanywhere.Thejobsforwhichalltaskscan

beperformedfromanywherearedefinedas

theglobaldigitaljobs.Thepapersubsequently

assesseswhichadditionaljobsaremostsuitable

forbeingperformedremotelyby2030.Todothis,thepaperanalyseswhichjobtasksareexpected

tobeautomatedbytechnologicaldevelopments

by2030,removesthesetasksfromeachjob,andreassesseswhichjobscanbeentirelyperformed

fromanywhere.Thesetechnologydevelopments

encompassthosethatareexpectedtohavea

predictableimpactonworkforcepractices,such

asgenerativeAI,andintegratedworkforceand

collaborationtechnologies.Inadditiontoidentifyingthesejobs,thispaperalsoassessesthequalityofthesejobs,bylookingatbothrelativewagelevelsfromtheUSBureauofLaborStatisticsdataand

theemploymentoutlookfromtheFutureofJobsReport2023.

Lastly,thepaperestimatesthepotentialglobal

numberofsuchjobs,basedontheproportionof

occupationalsub-groupsthatareassessedas

abletobeperformedfromanywhere,usingthe

ILO’sglobaldataset.Itthenfinallyestimatesthe

potentialnumberofthesejobsin2030,byaddingthenumberofpeopleemployedintheadditional

jobsthatcanbeperformedremotely,incorporatingprojectedlabourforcegrowthandapplyingthe

estimatedjobgrowthanddeclinefromtheFutureofJobsReport2023.

Thefirstsectionofthispaperpresentsthese

resultsfortasksandjobsindetail,analysingthe

groupsofjobsthatcouldbeperformedglobally

anddigitallyandconsideringtheirqualityintermsofwagesandoutlookforgrowth.Thesecond

sectionestimatesthecurrentnumberofthesejobstodayandthepotentialgrowthinsuchjobsby

2030.Thepaperconcludesbysettingouttheneedforusingtheseresultstoplanforinclusive,safe

andthrivingglobaldigitaljobs.

TheRiseofGlobalDigitalJobs7

1

Digitaljobsconducivetoglobalwork–nowandin2030

Globaldigitaljobstodayandin2030exist

acrossthewagespectrumandhavedifferinggrowthoutlooks.

Atask-basedanalysis

Determiningthepotentialjobsconduciveto

remoteandglobalworkinvolvedworking

withPearson,usingdatafromtheFaethmby

Pearsonskillsintelligencesolution13toidentifyjobswhereallthecomponenttaskscanbe

performedfromanywherewithappropriate

technologicalcapabilityandconnectivity.To

considerwhetherataskcanbeperformedfromanywhere,theauthorsexaminedhowexistingsupportingtechnologieswithbroaduptake

influencethetask’srequirements.Forexample:

–Communicationtoolslikevideoconferencingandmessagingplatformsfostereffective

collaborationandconnectivityamongteammembersregardlessofphysicaldistances.

–Cloud-basedsolutionscontributetoremote

workbyprovidingeasyaccesstoshared

documentsandresources.Thisensuresthat

employeescancollaborateonprojectsand

accessup-to-dateinformationfromanylocationwithinternetconnectivity.

–Technologiessuchasdatacollectiontoolsanddataanalysisfacilitateefficientandseamlesscollaborationacrossgeographicaldistances.

Thesetoolsenableremoteteamstogather,

organizeandanalysedatawithouttheneedforphysicalproximity.

–Programminglanguagesandtoolsempowerindividualstocode,developandtroubleshootfromanylocation.

–Technologiessupportingvirtualizationandcloudcomputingenablethedeploymentandtestingofsoftwareinremoteenvironments.

Thesetechnologicaladvancementshelptobreakdowngeographicalbarriers,creatingaflexible

andinterconnectedworkenvironmentthat

enhancesproductivityinremotesettings.Emergingtechnologiesmaycontinuetofurtherdisruptthe

abilitytoperformtasksfromanywhere;however,thispaperdoesnotmodelthisspecificimpact.

Table1belowprovidesexamplesoftaskswithanexplanationofwhethertheycanbeperformedfromanywhere,andthetechnologiesthatenablethistohappen.Itshowshowtechnologiessuchascloud-hosteddatabasesandcollaborationtoolsenable

manytaskstobeperformedfromanywhereintheworld,whileothertaskssuchasadvisingclientsonproductsin-storeorpreparingmealsstillrequireaphysicalpresence.

TheRiseofGlobalDigitalJobs8

TABLE1Exampletasksandtheirabilitytobeperformedfromanywhere

Taskperformanceandsupportingtechnologies

Task

Canbe

performedanywhere?

Affiliated

jobs

Adviseclientsinareassuchascompensation,employeehealthcarebenefits,thedesignof

accountingordataprocessingsystems,orlong-rangetaxorestateplans.

Collectandanalysedataoncustomer

demographics,preferences,needsandbuyinghabitstoidentifypotentialmarketsandfactorsaffectingproductdemand.

Thistaskcanbeperformedfromanywhere

withaccesstovirtualmeetingsolutions.Thisisenabledbycommunicationandcollaborationtools(e.g.videoconferencing,collaborative

Yes

Financialmanagers,

accountantsand

auditors

whiteboards).

Marketresearch

analystsand

marketingspecialists,marketingmanagers

Yes

Thistaskrequiresanalyticalandbusinesswritingskillsthatcanbeperformedanywhereusingdatacollectiontools(surveysandquestionnaires,webandsocialmediaanalytics),datastorageand

management(cloud-basedstorage)anddataanalysis(datavisualizationtools).

Graphicdesigners

Conferwithclientstodiscussanddeterminelayoutdesign.

Yes

Thistaskcanbeperformedanywherewith

accesstovirtualmeetingsolutionsusing

communicationandcollaborationtools(e.g.

videoconferencing,collaborativewhiteboards),collaborativedesignsoftware,filesharingandcloudstorage.

Softwaredevelopers

Provideclear,detaileddescriptionsofwebsite

specifications,suchasproductfeatures,

activities,software,communicationprotocols,

programminglanguages,andoperatingsystemssoftwareandhardware.

Yes

Thistaskcanbeperformedfromanywhere

withaccesstoelectronicmessagingsolutionsusingcommunicationandcollaborationtools(e.g.messagingplatforms,videoconferencing,collaborativewhiteboards)andprogramming

languages(toolsforsoftwaredevelopment).

Reviewlegalpublicationsandperformdatabasesearchestoidentifylawsandcourtdecisions

relevanttopendingcases.

Paralegalsandlegalassistants

Yes

Thistaskcanbeperformedfromanywherewithanaccesstoonlinelegalresearchdatabases.

Seekandprovideinformationtohelpcompanies

Marketingmanagers

Yes

Thistaskcanbeperformedfromanywhere

determinetheirpositioninthemarketplace.

withaccesstoonlineresearchdatabases

usingmarketresearchtools(e.g.surveyandquestionnairetools,dataanalyticsplatforms,competitoranalysistools).

Decreasevalueofpolicywhenriskissubstandard

Insuranceadjusters,

Yes

Thistaskcanbeperformedfromanywhere

andspecifyapplicableendorsementsorapply

examinersand

withaccesstorelevantfinancialandinsurance

ratingtoensuresafe,profitabledistributionof

investigators

toolsusingriskassessmentsoftware,reference

risks,usingreferencematerials.

materialsandknowledgedatabases.

Design,reviseand/orimplementaccounting

Financialmanagers

Yes

Thistaskcanbeperformedfromanywherewith

systemsandproceduresinaccordancewith

accesstoaccountingsystems,usingspreadsheet

accountingprinciplesandtheories.

software,enterpriseresourceplanning(ERP)softwareandcloud-basedsolutions.

Applyfluoridesorothercavitypreventingagentstoarrestdentaldecay.

Dentalnurses

No

Thistaskrequiresdirecthumaninteractioninadefinedlocation.

Cleanbuildingfloorsbysweeping,mopping,

Caretakers

No

Thistaskrequiresmanualactivitiesinadefined

scrubbingorvacuuming.

location.

Heatandservepreparedfoods.

Airtravelassistants,waitersand

waitresses,caretakers

No

Thistaskrequiresmanualactivitiesinadefinedlocation.

Answercustomers’questionsabout

Shelffillers,stock

No

Thistaskrequireson-siteresponsivenessina

merchandiseandadvisecustomerson

control,clerksand

definedlocation.

merchandiseselection.

assistants

Answeralarmsandinvestigatedisturbances.

ElementarysecurityoccupationsN.E.C.*,securityguardsandrelatedoccupations

No

Thistaskrequiresvisualandon-sitemonitoringofadefinedlocation.

Arrangebuyingpartiesandsolicitsponsorship

Marketandstreet

No

Thistaskrequiresmanualactivitiesinadefined

ofsuchpartiestosellmerchandise.

tradersandassistants

location.

*Notelsewhereclassified

TheRiseofGlobalDigitalJobs9

Suchtask-basedanalysiscanbeaggregatedinto

anassessmentofwhethertheentirejobcanbe

performedfromanywhere:its“remotability”.Belowaresomeexamplesfromthreetypesofjobs.All

tasksfromthefirstexample,accountants,canbe

performedfromanywhere,makingthisapotentiallyglobaldigitaljob.Thesecondexamplem