职称英语考试试题及答案

［单选，材料题］Theinformationinthefirstparagraphis

presentedmainlythrough

根据以下材料，回答下面的题目。

TheFamilv

Thestructureofafamilytakesdifferentformsaroundtheworld

andeveninthesamesociety.ThefamilyJSformchangesasit

adaptstochangingsocialandeconomicinfluences.Until

recently,themostcommonforminNorthAmericawasthenuclear

family,consistingofamarriedcouplewiththeirminor

children.Thenuclearfamilyisanindependentunit.Itmustbe

preparedtofendforitself.Individualfamilymembersstrongly

dependononeanother.Thereislittlehelpfromoutsidethefamily

inemergencies.Elderlyrelativesofanuclearfamilyarecared

foronlyifitispossibleforthefamilytodoso.InNorth

America,theelderlyoftendonotlivewiththefamily;thevlive

inretirementcommunitiesandnursinghomes.

Therearemanyparallelsbetweenthenuclearfamilyinindustrial

societies,suchasNorthAmerica,andoffamiliesinsocietiessuch

asthatoftheInuits,wholiveinharshenvironments.Thenuclear

familystructureiswelladaptedtoalifeofmobility.Inharsh

conditions,mobilityallowsthefamilytohuntforfood.ForNorth

Americans,thehuntforjobsandimprovedsocialstatusalso

requiresmobility.

ThenuclearfamilywasnotalwaystheNorthAmericanstandard.

Inamoreagrariantime,themallnuclearfamilywasusuallypart

ofalargerextengedfamily.Thismighthaveincluded

grandparents,motherandfather,brothersandsisters,uncles,

aunts,andcousins.InNorthAmericatoday,thereisadramatic

riseinthenumberofsingle,parenthouseholds.Twiceasmany

householdsintheUnitedStatesareheadedbydivorced,separated,

orneveromarriedindividualsasarecomprisedofnuclear

families.Thestructureofthefamily,notjustinNorthAmerica,

butthroughouttheworld,continuestochangeasitadaptsto

changingconditions.

Anothergoodtitleforthispassagewouldbe

A.listingstatistics

B.tellingastory

C.pointingoutsimilarities

D.pointingoutdifferences

•参考解析

C题干意为“第一段主要以何种方式陈述的？”根据第一段的陈述方式，并没有列出

数据或者讲故事，而是通过描述共性而阐述出核心家庭的概念。因此C“指出相似性”

是正确的答案。

［单选］ShecanspeakFrenchandGerman,letaloneEnglish.

A.tosaynothingof

B.tospeaknothingof

C.totalknothingof

D.totellnothingof

•参考解析

A句意：她会说法语和德语，更不用说英语了。本题考察的是固定词组用法，tosay

nothingof,更不用说，没有B、C^D这三种说法。

［单选］Themoonwasobscuredbythickclouds.

A.held

B.prevented

C.darkened

D.blackened

•参考解析

句意为：厚厚的云朵遮住了月亮。prevent意为“预防、阻止"，hold意为“持有、

保留”，darken意为“使模糊、变黑"，blacken意为“使变黑、诽谤"。obscure意

为“遮掩，使变暗”。和B项同义，故选B项。

［单选］Hefailedtocarryoutsomeoftheprovisionsofthe

contract,andnowhehastotakechargeoftheconsequences.

A.answerfor

B.runinto

C.abideby

D.stepinto

•参考解析

【答案】A

【解析】answerfor"对……负责”。runintO"陷入，碰到"；abideby“遵守”；

stepinto"进入，走进”。

［单选,材料题］Airtransportcompaniesusedifferent

planes.

根据材料，完成下面的题目。

AirTransportation

1.Airplanesareusedtocarrypassengers,cargoandmail.Air

transportcompaniesoperatescheduledairlinesandnon-scheduled

servicesoverlocal,regional,national,andinternational

routes.Theaircraftoperatedbythesecompaniesrangefromsmall

single-engineplanestolargemultienginejettransports.

2.Thefirstairpassengerservicesbeganin1910,whendirigibles

beganoperationbetweenseveralGermancities.Thefirst

scheduledairplaneservicetocarrypassengersbeganintheU.

Sin1914.Severalexperimentalairmailflightstookplacein

India,Europe,andtheUnitedStatesbeforeWorldWarI,butair

transportservicedidnotbecomeatruebusinessuntilafterthe

war.

3.DuringWorldWarTwo,intercontinentalairtransportbecame

firmlyestablished.Afterthewarthenewlong-distance

transportswithadvancedfacilitieswereincreasinglyableto

avoidstormsandstrongwindandmakeflightsmoreeconomicaland

consistent.Anewgenerationof"jumbo-jet“transportsbegan

operationsin1970,andthesupersonictransportentered

passengerservicein1976.

4.Duringthe1970sthenumberofdomesticpassengersonU.S

airlinesincreasedabout78%,andduringthe1980sthefigurewas

upabout58%.In1990therewere41.8millioninternational

passengers,thefigurewasa75%increaseover1980.Thetotal

cargoflownbyU.Sairlinesalmostdoubledduringthe1980s,from

5.7billionto10.6billionton-milesin1990.

5.Majorairportsprovideawiderangeoffacilitiesforthe

convenienceofmillionsoftravelers.Theserangefromsuchbasic

servicesasticket-salescountersandrestaurantstoluxury

hotels,shoppingcentersandplayareasforchildren.

Internationalairportsmustalsohavecustomsareasandcurrency

exchangecountersandsoon.

Paragraph2.

A.inthedevelopmentofairtransportation

B.theearliestpassengerflightsweresuccessfullyoperated

C.tomaketraveleasyandpleasantforthepassengers

D.toprovidedifferentservices

E.theshortageofqualifiedpilots

F.travelingbyairwasverycheap

•参考解析

【答案】A

【解析】根据第一段可知，航空公司利用飞机运输旅客，货物和邮政。运营的飞机从单

引擎到大型多引擎飞机。A为“在不同运输发展阶段使用不同飞机”符合逻辑和题意。

因此，本题选A。

［单选］HenoticedthatJoanwasstudyinghimclosely,buther

expressiongaveawaynothingofwhatshewasthinking.

A.revealed

B.disposed

C.reminded

D.distributed

•参考解析

句意为：他注意到琼正在密切地调查他，但她的表情也没有泄漏她正在思考什么。

Giveawav"泄漏，赠送”,四个选项:reveal“泄漏，透漏”；dispose“处理"；remind

“重新记起”；distribute“分发，分配”；所以A项符合题意。

［单选］Toabsorbayoungerworkforce,manycompaniesoffered

retirementplansasincentivesforolderworkerstoretireand

makewayfortheyoungeroneswhoearnedlowersalaries.

A.rewards

B.opportunities

C.motives

D.stimulus

•参考解析

句意为：为吸引更年轻的劳动力，很多公司为老员工退休提供退休计划作为鼓励，

以便为工资较低的年轻员工让路。incentive”激励，鼓励”，四个选项：reward"奖

赏"；opportunit,/“机会”；motive”动机，目的"；stimulus''刺激物"；所以A

项符合题意。

［单选,材料题］WhatdoweleamaboutAnaCastrofromthelast

paragraph?

阅读材料，回答下面的题目。

Deportthemornot

Inacountrythatdefinesitselfbyideals,notbyshared

blood,whoshouldbeallowedtocome,workandlivehere?Inthe

wakeoftheSept.11attacksthesequestionshaveneverseemed

morepressing.

OnDec.11,2001,aspartoftheefforttoincreasehomeland

security,federalandlocalauthoritiesin14statesstaged

aOperationSafeTravelw-raidsonairportstoarrestemployees

withfalseidentification（身份证明）.InSaltLakeCitytherewere

69arrests.Butthosecapturedwereanythingbutterrorists,

mostofthem

illegalimmigrantsfromCentralorSouthAmerica.Authorities

saidtheundocumentedworkers*illegalstatusmadethemopento

blackmail（讹诈）byterrorists.

ManyimmigrantsinSaltLakeCitywereangeredbythearrestsand

saidtheyfeltasiftheywerebeingtreatedlikedisposable

goods.

MayorAndersonsaidthosefeelingswerejustifiedtoacertain

extent,"We'resayingwewantyoutoworkintheseplaces,

we'regoingtolooktheotherwayintermsofwhatourlawsare,

andthenwhenit,sconvenientforus,orwhenwecantrytomake

apointintermsofnationalsecurity,especiallyafterSept.1

1,thenyou*redisposable.Therearewholefamiliesbeinguprooted

forallofthewrongreasons,“Andersonsaid.

IfSept.11hadneverhappened,theairportworkerswouldnot

havebeenarrestedandcouldhavegoneoilquietlylivingin

America,probablyindefinitely.AnaCastrO,amanagerataBen

&Jerry'sicecreamshopattheairport,hadbeenworkin910years

withthesamefalseSocialSecuritycardwhenshewasarrested

intheDecemberairportraid.Nowsheandherfamilyareliving

underthethreatofdeportation（驱逐出境）.CastroJscaseis

currentlywaitingtobesettled.Whilesheawaitstheoutcome,

thegovernmenthasgrantedherpermissiontoworkhereandshe

hasreturnedtoherjobatBen&Jerry's.

Accordingtotheauthor,theUnitedStatesclaimstobea

nation.

A.Shewillbedeportedsoonerorlater.

B.Sheisallowedtostaypermanently.

C.Hercasehasbeendropped.

D.Herfateremainsuncertain.

•参考解析

【答案】D

【解析】由AnaCastro定位于文章最后一段。第三、四句指出她们全家面临着被驱逐

出境的威胁，案件正在被期待早日得到解决；最后一句提到当她还在等待结果时，政府

已经允许她在此工作。由此可见AnaCastro和家人能否留在美国还难以确定，只有等

到案件解决才能知晓。

单选,材料题］Accordingtothistext.

阅读材料，回答下面的题目。

TheDiminishingScientificLeadershipoftheU,S.

Withtherapidglobalizationofscienceitself(morethan

40percentofscientificPh.D.studentstrainedintheUnited

Statesarenowforeignnationals,roughlyhalfofwhomreturnto

theircountriesoforigin),theonceundisputedU.S.scientific

lead,whetherrelevanttoproductleadornot,isdiminishing.

Thecompetitionofforeignstudentsforpositionsin

U.S.graduateschoolshasalsocontributedtomakingscientific

trainingrelativelyunattractivetoU.S.students,becausethe

rapidlyincreasingsupplyofstudentshasdiminishedtherelative

rewardsofthiscareerpath.Forthebestandbrightestfrom

low-incomecountries,apositionasaresearchassistantinthe

UnitedStatesisattractive,whereasthebestandbrightest

U.S.studentsmightnowseebetteroptionsinotherfields.

Scienceandengineeringcareers,totheextentthattheyare

openinguptoforeigncompetition(whetherimportedoravailable

throughbettercommunication),alsoseemtobebecoming

relativelylessattractivetoU.S.students.

Withrespecttotheroleofuniversitiesintheinnovation

processthespeculativeboomofthe1990s(which,amongother

things,madeitpossibletoconvertscientificfindingsintocash

ratherquickly)waslargelyunexpected.Theboombrought

universitiesandtheirfacultiesintomuchclosercontactwith

privatemarketsastheytriedtogainasmuchoftheeconomic

dividendsfromtheirdiscoveriesaspossible.Forawhile,the

pathbetweendiscoveriesinbasicscienceandnewflowsofhard

cashwasconsiderablyshortened.Butduringthenextfewdecades,

thispathwilllikelyreverttowarditsmoretraditionallength

andreestablishinahealthyway,themoretraditional(andmore

independent)relationshipbetweenthebasicresearchdoneat

universitiesandthoseentitiesthattranslateideasinto

productsandservices.

Intheinterveningyears,anothernewforcealsogreatly

facilitatedglobalization:therapidgrowthoftheInternetand

cheapwide-bandwidthinternationalcommunication.Today,

complexdesignactivitiescantakeplaceinlocationsquite

removedfrommanufacturing,otherbusinessfunctionsandthe

consumer.Indeed,thereisnowampleopportunityforreal-time

communicationbetweenbusinessfunctionsthatarequite

independentoftheirspecificlocations.Forexample,software

aredevelopment,withallitschangesandcomplications,canto

aconsiderableextentbedoneoverseasforaU.S.customer.Foreign

callcenterscanrespondinstantlytoquestionsfromthousands

ofmilesaway.Theresultisthatlow-wageworkersintheFarEast

andinsomeothercountriesarecomingintoevenmoredirect

competitionwithamuchwiderspectrumofU.S.labor:unskilled

inthecaseofcallcenters;morehighlyskilledinthecaseof

programmers.

A.thecareersunattractivetoU.S.studentsmaynotbesoto

foreignstudents

B.scienceandengineeringcareersareunattractiveexclusively

toU.S.students

C.U.S.studentsagenotcourageousenoughtofaceforeign

competition

D.U.S.studentsarenotwellpreparedtocompetewithforeign

students

•参考解析

【答案】A

【解析】在文章第二段中，wForthebestandbrightestfromlow-incomecountries,

apositionasaresearchassistantintheUnitedStatesisattractive,whereas

thebestandbrightestU.S.studentsmightnOWseebetteroptionsinotherfields”

可看出，A项与其意思相符，美国和其他国家的学生兴趣不同，而并不是美国学生没有

勇气和没准备好去面对竞争，可排除c,D选项，而8项过于绝对。

［单选］Themonopoly-capitalistgroupannexedmanysmaller

enterpriseslastyear.

A.integrated

B.merged

C.combined

D.collected

•参考解析

【答案】B

【解析】integrate"联合"；merge"兼并"；combine"联合"；collect"收款”。

［单选］Thelocalauthoritycontributedthecompanyan

interestfreeloantostartupthenewfactory.

A.granted

B.allocated

C.financed

D.sponsored

•参考解析

【答案】A

【解析】9rant“捐赠"；allocate“赞助”；finance“资助”；sponsor“举办”。

［单选］Myfatherhasbeenonthesalaryscheduleinthis

factoryfornearly20years.

A.paypacket

B.payoff

C.payroll

D.payment

•参考解析

【答案】C

【解析】paypacket"工资袋"；payoff"还清债"；payroll”工资表"；payment"支

付”。

［单选］Thepurposeofacustomistocutdownimportsin

ordertoprotectdomesticindustryandworkersfromforeign

competition.

A.tax

B.toll

C.fee

D.tariff

•参考解析

【答案】D

【解析】tax“税，税款”；ton“服务费”；fee“费用"；tariff“关税”。

［单选,材料题］Whichofthefollowingcanbefoundinsatiric

literature?

阅读材料，回答下面的题目。

SatiricLiterature

Perhapsthemoststrikingqualityofsatiricliteratureis

itsfreshness,itsoriginalityofperspective.Satirerarely

offersoriginalideas.Instead,itpresentsthefamiliarinanew

form.Satiristsdonotoffertheworldnewphilosophies.Whatthey

doislookatfamiliarconditionsfromaperspectivethatmakes

theseconditionsseemfoolish,harmful,oraffected.Satirejars

usoutofcomplacenceintoapleasantlyshockedrealizationthat

manyofthevaluesweunquestioninglyacceptarefalse.Don

Quixotemakeschivalryseemabsurd;BraveNewWorldridiculesthe

pretensionsofscience;AModestProposaldramatizesstarvation

byadvocatingcannibalism.Noneoftheseideasis

original.ChivalrywassuspectbeforeCervantes,humanists

objectedtotheclaimsofpuresciencebeforeAldouaHuxley,and

peoplewereawareoffaminebeforeSwirl.Itwasnotthe

originalityoftheideathatmadethesesatirespopular.Itwas

themannerofexpression,thesatiricmethod,thatmadethem

interestingandentertaining.Satiresarereadbecausetheyare

aestheticallysatisfyingworksofart,notbecausetheyare

morallywholesomeorethicallyinstructive.Theyarestimulating

andrefreshingbecausewithcommonsensebrisknesstheybrush

awayillusionsandsecond-handopinions.Withspontaneous

irreverence,satirerearrangesperspectives,scramblesfamiliar

objectsintoincongruousjuxtaposition,andspeaksinapersonal

idiominsteadofabstractplatitude.

Satireexistsbecausethereisneedforit.Ithaslivedbecause

readersappreciatearefreshingstimulus,anirreverentreminder

thattheyliveinaworldofplatitudinousthinking,cheap

moralizing,andfoolishphilosophy.Satireservestoprodpeople

intoallawarenessoftruth,thoughrarelytoanyactiveonbehalf

oftruth.Satiretendstoremindpeoplethatmuchofwhatthey

see,hear,andreadinpopularmediaissanctimonious,sentimental,

andonlypartiallytrue.Liferesemblesinonlyaslightdegree

thepopularimageofit.Soldiersrarelyholddieidealsthat

moviesattributetothem,nordoordinarycitizensdevotetheir

livestounselfishserviceofhumanity.Intelligentpeopleknow

thesethingsbuttendtoforgetthemwhentheydonothearthem

expressed.

Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

A.Newlyemergingphilosophies.

B.Oddcombinationsofobjectsandideas.

C.Abstractdiscussionofmoralsandethics.

D.Wholesomecharacterswhoareunselfish.

•参考解析

【答案】B

【解析】根据文章第一段最后一句“…satirerearrangesperspectives,scrambles

familiarobjectsintoincongruousjuxtaposition,andspeaksinapersonalidiom

insteadofabstractplatitude”可知，讽刺小说重新陈述观点，把类似的事物描述

成不和谐的并列关系，并且用个性的语言表述，而不是用抽象的陈词滥调表述，据此可

知，讽刺小说中的事物和观点都比较怪异，所以B符合题意。

［单选］Thiskindofmaterialcanresistheatandmoisture.

A.delet