2022年考博英语-东北师范大学考前提分综合测验卷附带答案及详解套卷18

2022年考博英语-东北师范大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1.单选题

Theseatsinthesecondplane（

）.

问题1选项

A.hadbeenalmostallfilled

B.hadallbeenalmostfilled

C.hadalmostallbeenfilled

D.hadalmostbeenfilledall

【答案】A

【解析】考察固定搭配。题干句意为：第二架飞机的座位_______。almostall几乎全部。almostall为固定搭配。因此排除B、D，该句是过去完成时，almostall修饰动词时，通常应放在行为动词之前（filled），故选A项。

2.单选题

Themanagerneedsanassistantthathecan（

）totakecareofproblemsinhisabsence.

问题1选项

A.counton

B.countin

C.countup

D.countout

【答案】A

【解析】句意:经理需要一个靠得住的助手，以便当他不在吋，可以帮助处理问题。

短语辨析。counton依靠,依赖;countin把..算在内;countup加起来;countout点数。故选A。

3.单选题

In1896,WilliamJenningsBryan,athree-timecandidatefortheAmericanpresidency,gaveaspeechonarelativelydryfinancialtopic,criticizingthegoldstandard.Buthisrhetoricwasfortheages:“Youshallnotpressdownuponthebrowoflaborthiscrownofthorns;youshallnotcrucifymankinduponacrossgold!”

JustoverahundredyearslaterSamBrownback,arguingforwaragainstIraqinaspeechtotheAmericanSenate,said,“WegoatIraqanditsaystocountriesthatsupportterrorists,thereremainsixintheworldthatareasourdefinitionstatesponsorsofterrorists,yousaytothosecountries:4Weareseriousaboutterrorism,weareseriousaboutyounotsupportingterrorismonyourownsoil.”’

Whathappenedoverthe20lhcentury?Americansnolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinoratoryorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandflair.Norsotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.JohnMcWhorter,alinguist,seesthetriumphof1960scountercultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.

Blamingthepermissive1960sisnothingnew,butthisisnotyetanotherpassageagainstthedeclineineducation.Mr.McWhorter’sacademicspecialtyislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”，forexample,tobenaturalandnomorelamentablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofBcowulf-earEnglish.

Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,“doingourownthing”，hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic.Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwellregardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonalgenreistheonlyformthatcouldclaimrealvibrancy.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.

Illustratedwithanentertainingarrayofexamplesfrombothhighandlowculture,thetrendthanMr.McWhorterdocumentsisunmistakable.Butitislessclear,totakethequestionofhissubtitle,whyweshouldcare.Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallybemoaningthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish“onpaperplatesinsteadofchina”.Ashame,perhaps,but,probablyaninevitable.

1.ThesentencesofWilliamandSamarequotedinthefirsttwoparagraphstoshow（

）.

2.JohnMcWhorterattributesthedeclineofformalEnglishto

（

）.

3.JohnMcWhorter’sattitudetowardstheloss“whom”seemstobe

（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat

（

）.

5.By“wenowtakeourEnglish‘onpaperplate’insteadofchina”，thelinguistmostprobablymeansthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.thegreatsocialchangesthathavetakenplaceinacentury

B.theobviousdeclineofEnglishlanguagecommands

C.thatterrorismissueismoreseriousthangoldstandard

D.thatbothofthespeakersareexcellentspeechmakers

问题2选项

A.theAmerican’slowerexpectationsofpublicfigures

B.thePresident’slowerexpectationsofthemselves

C.thepermissiveattitudestowardslanguagedecadesago

D.thelossof“whom”andcase-endingsinEnglish

问题3选项

A.calm

B.critical

C.indifferent

D.supportive

问题4选项

A.Englishbeforethesixtieswascharacterizedbydryfinancialtopic

B.Englishbeforethesixtieswasusedlessskillfullythanitisnow

C.Englishafterthesixtiesischaracterizedbyoralusages

D.Englishafterthesixtiesisusedlessofteninwrittenlanguagethaninspoken

问题5选项

A.nowadaysEnglishismoreoftenusedonpaperthanonchina

B.nowadaysEnglishismoreoftenusedinChinathaninothercountries

C.nowadaysEnglishhasbecomelessusefulinpaperwritingthanbefore

D.nowadaysEnglishhaslostsomeoriginalcharmeventhoughequallyuseful

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。文章前两段对威廉和萨姆相关事件的引用是为了引出文章的话题，指出英语语言的退化现象，故答案选项为B项“英语语言的明显衰退”。

2.细节事实题。第三段的最后一句指出:JohnMcWhorter,alinguist,seesthetriumphof1960scountercultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish(语言学家约翰•麦克沃特认为20世纪60年代反文化运动的胜利要对正式场合英语的退化负责)，由此可知60年代的反文化运动是根本原因，选项C“几十年前对语言的消极态度”是反文化运动的一部分，故答案选项为C。

3.观点态度题。根据题干关键词theloss“whom”定位至第四段:...heseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”，forexample,tobenaturalandnomorelamentablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofBeowulf-earEnglish(他认为whom一词的逐渐消失是很自然的，并不比裴欧沃夫时代英语中词格尾缀的失踪更让人惋惜),作者认为这一现象非常正常，故他的态度应该是沉着冷静的，故答案选项为A。

4.判断推理题。选项A:20世纪60年代前的英语以枯燥的金融话题为特点，文章在开始的吋候只是提到了曾经三次当选美国总统候选人的威廉姆•詹宁森•布赖恩就一个相对枯燥无味的金融话题作了一番演讲，并不能说明60年代前的英语以枯燥的金融话题为特点，故选项A错误；选项B:20世纪60年代前的英语运用没有现在这么灵巧，根据文章中WilliamJenningsBryan和SamBrownback的例子可知，20世纪60年代前的英语运用应该是比现在更加灵巧，故选项B错误；根据文章第五段的...eventhemostwellregardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonalgenreistheonlyformthatcouldclaimrealvibrancy.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.(即使是最受关注的文章也开始使用口语化的文字。类似地，在诗歌领域，唯一能够具有真正活力的就是那种高度个人化和富有表现力的文学形式。无论作为口语还是书面语言的英语，侃侃而谈胜过了雅致的言辞，而自我发挥也盖过了精心准备)。由此可知在当吋口语化表达比书面表达使用频率更高，但不能说当吋是以口语化的表达为特点，故选项C(20世纪60年代后的英语以口语化为特点)错误，而选项D(20世纪60年代后的英语中口语化表达比书面表达使用频率更高)正确，故选D。

5.语义题。“wenowtakeourEnglish'onpaperplate’insteadofchina"所在句为:...heisreallybemoaningthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish“onpaperplatesinsteadofchina”“他其实只是为那些美好事物而不是实用品的消逝而哀叹。也许我们现在用"纸盘子而非瓷盘子"盛着我们的英语大餐。”，根据其中的关键词lossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful“那些美好事物而不是实用品的消逝”可以推断出答案选项为D“如今英语正在渐渐丧失其原有的魅力，尽管他在走向实用化”。

4.单选题

Auctionsarepublicsalesofgoods,conductedbyanofficiallyapprovedauctioneer.Heorsheaskstheassembledcrowdintheauction-roomtomakeoffers,or“bids”，forthevariousitemsonsale.Heencouragesbuyerstobidhigherfigures,andfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods.Thisiscalled“knockingdown”thegoods.Forthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronatableatwhichhestands.Thisisoftensetonaraisedplatformcalledarostrum.

TheancientRomansprobablyinventedsalesbyauction,andtheEnglishwordcomesfromtheLatinauction,meaning“increase”.TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar;thesesaleswerecalled“subbasra,”meaning“underthespear”，aspearbeingstuckinthegroundasasignalforacrowdtogather.Intheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesgoodswereoftensold“bythecandle”，ashortcandlewaslitbytheauctioneer;andbidscouldbemadewhileitstayedalight.

Anauctionisusuallyadvertisedbeforehandwithfullparticularsofthearticlestobesoldandwhereandwhentheycanbeviewedbypossiblebuyers.Iftheadvertisementcannotgivefulldetails,cataloguesareprinted,andeachgroupofgoodstobesoldtogether,calleda“lot”isusuallygivenanumber.TheauctioneerneednotbeginwithLot1andcontinueinnumericalorder.Hemaywaituntilheregistersthefactthatcertaindealersareintheroomandthenproducethelotstheyarelikelytobeinterestedin.Theauctioneer'sservicesarepaidforintheformofapercentageofthepricethegoodsaresoldfor.Theauctioneerthereforehasadirectinterestinpushingupthebiddingashighaspossible.

Practicallyallgoodswhosequalitiesvaryaresoldbyauction.Amongthesearecoffee,hides,skins,wool,tea,cocoa,furs,spices,fruitandvegetablesandwines.Auctionsalesarealsousualforlandandproperty,antique,furniture,pictures,rarebooks,oldchinaandsimilarworksofart.TheauctionroomsatChristie’sandSotheby’sinLondonandNewYorkareworldfamous.

1.Auctionedgoodsaresold（

）.

2.Theendofthebiddingiscalled“knockingdown”because

（

）.

3.TheRomansusedtosell

（

）

byauction.

4.Acandleusedtobumatauctionsales

（

）.

5.Theauctioneermaydecidetoselltheoutoforderbecause（

）.

问题1选项

A.forthehighestpriceoffered

B.onlyatfixedprices

C.atapricelessthantheirtruevalue

D.verycheaply

问题2选项

A.theauctioneerknocksthebuyerdow

B.theauctioneerknockstherostrumdown

C.thegoodsareknockeddownontothetable

D.theauctioneerbangsthetablewithahammer

问题3选项

A.spoilgoods

B.propertytakenfromtheenemy

C.oldworn-outweapons

D.spears

问题4选项

A.becausetheytookplaceatnight

B.asasignalforthecrowdtogether

C.tolimitthetimewhenofferscouldbemade

D.tokeeptheauctioneerwarm

问题5选项

A.hesometimeswantstoconfusethebuyers.

B.heknowfromexperiencethatcertainpeoplewillwanttobuycertainitems.

C.hewantstokeepcertainpeoplewaiting.

D.hewantstoreducethenumber.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段:Heencouragesbuyerstobidhigherfigures,andfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods(他鼓励买者给出更高的价钱，最后选定出价最高的这位买。由此可知拍卖品以最高价卖出。故选A。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“knockingdown”定位至第一段:Thisiscalled“knockingdown”thegoods.“这就是‘成交’”和第五句Forthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronatableatwhichhestands(因为当拍卖师用一个锤子敲击他面前的小桌子时，拍卖结束)。因此D项“因为拍卖师会用一个锤子敲击桌子”正确。

3.细节事实题。第二段说明了古罗马人所拍卖物品:TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar(罗马人通常用这种方法出售战利品)。故选A“缴获物品，奖品”。

4.细节事实题。第二段指出:ashortcandlewaslitbytheauctioneer;andbidscouldbemadewhileitstayedalight(拍卖师会点燃一根短蜡烛，在蜡烛燃烧的吋候进行拍卖活动)。因此选C“限制拍卖会竞价吋间”。

5.判断推理题。根据题干关键词Lots定位至第三段:TheauctioneerneednotbeginwithLot1andcontinueinnumericalorder,Hemaywaituntilheregistersthefactthatcertaindealersareintheroom(拍卖师不需要从第一个序号开始然后按照顺序来,在拍卖师会在确定对商品感兴趣的买家到来之后才开始拍卖)。故选B“拍卖师可以依据经验知道某些买家想购买哪些物品”。

5.单选题

He（

）interruptedmebyaskingirrelevantquestions.

问题1选项

A.continually

B.continuously

C.consistently

D.consequently

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他问了我一些无关紧要的问题，打断我的话。

副词辨析。continually不停地,持续地;continuously连续不断地;一贯地;consequently因此,所以。故A符合句意。

6.单选题

ForseveraldaysIsawlittleofMr.Rochester.Inthemorningheseemedmuchoccupiedwithbusiness,andintheafternoongentlemanfromtheneighborhoodcalledandsometimesstayedtodinewithhim.Whenhisfootwaswellenough,herodeoutagreatdeal.

Duringthetime,allmyknowledgeofhimwaslimittooccasionalmeetingsaboutthehouse,whenhewouldsometimespassmecoldly,andsometimesbowandsmile.Hischangesofmannerdidnotoffendme,becauseIsawthatIhadnothingtodowiththecauseofthem.

Oneevening,severaldayslater,IwasinvitedtotalktoMr.Rochesterafterdinner.Hewassittinginhisarmchair,andlookednotquitesosevere,andmuchlessgloomy.Therewasasmileonhislips,andhiseyeswerebright,probablywithwine.AsIwaslookingathim,hesuddenlyturned,andaskedme,“doyouthinkI’mhandsome,MissEyre?”

TheanswersomehowslippedfrommytonguebeforeIrealizedit:“Nosir.”

“Ah,youreallyareunusual!Youareaquiet,seriouslittleperson,butyoucanbealmostrude.”

“Sir,I’msorry.Ishouldhavesaidthatbeautydoesn’tmatter,orsomethinglikesthat.”

“No,youshouldn’t!Isee,youcriticizemyappearance,andthenyoustabmeintheback!Youhavehonestyandfeeling.Therearenotmanygirlslikeyou.ButperhapsIgotoofast.Perhapsyouhaveawfulfaultstocounterbalanceyourfewgoodpoints.”

Ithoughttomyselfthathemighthavetoo.Heseemedtoreadmymind,andsaidquickly,“yes,youareright.Ihaveplentyoffaults.IwentthewrongwaywhenIwastwenty-one,andhaveneverfoundtherightpathagain.Imighthavebeenverydifferent.Imighthavebeenasgoodasyou,andperhapswiser.Iamnotabadman,takemywordforit,butIhavedonewrong.Itwasn’tmycharacter,butcircumstanceswhichweretoblame.WhydoItellyouallthis?Becauseyou’rethesortofpersonpeopletelltheirproblemsandsecretsto,becauseyou’resympatheticandgivethemhope.”

Itseemedhehadquitealottotalktome.Hedidn’tseemtoliketofinishthetalkquickly,aswasthecaseforthefirsttime.

“Don’tbeafraidofme,MissEyre.”Hecontinued.“Youdon’trelaxorlaughverymuch;perhapsbecauseoftheeffectLowoodschoolhashadonyou.Butintimeyouwillbemorenaturalwithme,andlaugh,aridspeakfreely.You’relikeabirdinacage.Whenyougetoutofthecage,you’llflyveryhigh.Goodnight.”

1.AtthebeginningMissEyre’simpressionsofMr.RochesterwereallEXCEPT（

）.

2.In“...allmyknowledgeofhimwaslimittooccasionalmeetingsaboutthehouse...’’,theword“about”means

（

）.

3.WhydidMr.Rochestersay"...andthenyoustabmeintheback!”？（7thPara）

4.FromwhatMr.RochestertoldMissEyer,wecanconcludethathewantedto

（

）.

5.Attheendofthepassage,Mr.Rochestersound（

）.

问题1选项

A.busy

B.sociable

C.friendly

D.changeable

问题2选项

A.around

B.on

C.outside

D.concerning

问题3选项

A.BecauseJanehadintendedtokillhimwithaknife.

B.BecauseJanehadintendedtobemorecritical.

C.BecauseJanehadregrettedhavingtalkedtohim.

D.BecauseJanehadsaidsomethingelsetocorrectherself.

问题4选项

A.tellherallhistroubles

B.tellherhislifeexperience

C.changeheropinionofhim

D.changehiscircumstances

问题5选项

A.rude

B.cold

C.friendly

D.encouraging

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章中有关简爱对罗彻斯特印象的描述主要在文章前两段。根据第—段中的Inthemorningheseemedmuchoccupiedwithbusiness,andintheafternoongentlemanfromtheneighborhoodcalledandsometimesstayedtodinewithhim(上午他似乎有很多工作要做，下午隔壁的绅士会邀请他并且有时候会和他一起吃晚餐),由此可知选项A“繁忙”和选项B“善于交际的”属于简爱对罗彻斯特的最初印象；根据第二段的Hischangesofmannerdidnotoffendme...(对于他这种多变的态度，我也没有在意)可知选项D“易变的”也属于简爱对罗彻斯特的最初印象，而选项C“友好的”没有在文章中体现，故答案选项为C。

2.词义题。about所在句为:Duringthetime,allmyknowledgeofhimwaslimittooccasionalmeetingsaboutthehouse,whenhewouldsometimespassmecoldly,andsometimesbowandsmile(那吋，我对他所有的了解仅限于偶尔几次在家中的碰面，这时候这位邻居也只会是冷冷地从我身旁走过，但是有时候会鞠躬微笑)，原文中的occasionalmeetingsaboutthehouse是指在家里的几次偶尔的碰面，分析四个选项A“在……周围”，B“在…上面”，C“在…外面”和D“有关，关于”可知aroundthehouse与文中的aboutthehouse意思最接近，故答案选项为A。

3.判断推理题。题干部分所在句为:Isee,youcriticizemyappearance,andthenyoustabmeintheback!(我明白了，你批判我的外表，然后在后面捅了我一刀，这里的stabmeintheback字而意思是“从背后中伤我，背后捅我一刀”但是这里是一个比喻，说明简爱的话非常直接，将他伤的更深了，故答案选项为B“因为简爱的话更加有批判性了”；选项A“因为简爱打算用持刀杀了他”只是字面意思；选项C“因为简爱后悔跟他说话”在文章中没有体现；选项D“因为简爱说了一些纠正的话”，他之所以感觉受伤更深原因在于简爱说话的内容而不是说话的行为，故选项D也不对。

4.判断推理题。题目是问“从罗彻斯特对简爱说的话中我们可以知道罗彻斯特的目的是什么”，四个选项分别为根据文章倒数第三段中的WhydoItellyouallthis?Becauseyou’rethesortofpersonpeopletelltheirproblemsandsecretsto,becauseyou’resympatheticandgivethemhope(我什么要告诉你这些？因为你是那种让人非常愿意把自己的问题和秘密说出来的人，因为你非常有同情心而且能给人希望),可知罗彻斯特只是单纯地愿意将自己的经历讲给简爱听，并不带任何其他的目的，故答案选项为B项“想要告诉简爱他的人生经历”。

5.判断推理题。文章最后一段中罗彻斯特的话主要是对简爱进行鼓励，特别是这一句:You’relikeabirdinacage.Whenyougetoutofthecage,you’llflyveryhigh(你就像是一只的笼中小鸟，当年挣脱了笼子，你就会飞得更高)，由此可知答案选项为D“令人鼓舞的，鼓励的”。

7.单选题

Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted.Thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioral”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy.

Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinformation:Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehavioralads?Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?

InDecember2010America’sFederalTradeCommission(FTC)proposedaddinga’’donottrack”(DNT)optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladvertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.Microsoft'sInternetExplorerandApple’sSafaribothofferDNT;Google’sChromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandDigitalAdvertisingAlliance(DAA)agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespondingtoDNTrequests.

OnMay31stMicrosoftsetofftherow:ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearwindows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault.

Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GettingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.UnabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehavioraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft’sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway.

AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Afterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyondefaultwillbecomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforwindows8—thoughthefirmhascomparedsomeofitsotherproductsfavorablywithGoogle’sonthatcountbefore.BrendonLynch,Microsoft’schiefprivacyofficer,blogged:“webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol.”Coulditreallybethatsimple?

1.Itissuggestedinparagraph1that“behavioral”adshelpadvertisersto（

）.

2.“Theindustry”(Line5,Para.3)refersto

（

）.

3.TheauthorholdsthatsettingDNTasadefault

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph.6?

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardswhatBrendonLynchsaidinhisblogisoneof（

）.

问题1选项

A.easecompetitionamongthemselves

B.lowertheiroperationalcosts

C.avoidcomplaintsfromconsumers

D.providebetteronlineservices

问题2选项

A.onlineadvertisers

B.e-commerceconductors

C.digitalinformationanalysis

D.internetbrowserdevelopers

问题3选项

A.maycutthenumberofjunkads

B.failstoaffecttheadindustry

C.willnotbenefitconsumers

D.goesagainsthumannature

问题4选项

A.DNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurpose.

B.AdvertisersarewillingtoimplementDNT.

C.DNTislosingitspopularityamongconsumers.

D.Advertisersareobligedtoofferbehavioralads.

问题5选项

A.indulgence

B.understanding

C.appreciation

D.skepticism

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“behavioral”ads定位至第一段:Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted.Thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioral”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy(俗话说得好一半的广告预算都被浪费了，但问题是没有人知道是哪一半广告预算被浪费了。在互联网时代，至少在理论上可以大幅减少这部分被浪费的广告预算。通过观看人们在线搜寻、点击和说什么，公司可以将‘行为’广告针对那些最可能购买东西的人)。由此可知B项“减少他们的运营成本”正确。

2.词义题。根据题干定位至第三段:InDecember2010America’sFederalTradeCommission(FTC)proposedaddinga“donottrack”(DNT)optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladvertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed(2010年12月美国联邦贸易委员会向互联网浏览器提供者们提议增加一个‘不要跟踪’的选项，以便互联网使用者可以告诉广告商他们不想被跟踪)由此可推知D项“互联网浏览器开发者”正确。

3.推理判断题。第五段指出:GettingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso(尽管一些公司己承诺在得到不要跟踪的信号后停止跟踪，但是获取该信号却没有强制任何人去这样做)。因此C项“不会让消费者受益”正确。

4.判断推理题。第六段:AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Afterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow(另外还不清楚微软公司为何独自将‘不要跟踪’作为微软网页浏览器10的默认设置。毕竟微软公司也有网上广告业务，尽管微软公司声称自己的网上广告业务将遵守‘不要跟踪’请求，但是它仍然正在想如何进行)。因此A项“‘不要跟踪'可能不能达到它的预期目的”正确。

5.观点态度题。第六段作者说:Coulditreallybethatsimple?这真的有可能那么简单吗？因此D项“怀疑的态度”正确。

8.单选题

JogginghasbecomethemostpopularindividualsportinAmerica.Manytheories,evensomemysticalones,havebeenadvancedtoexplainthepopularityofjogging.Theplaintruthisthatjoggingisacheap,quickandefficientwaytomaintain(orachieve)physicalfitness.

Themostusefulsortofexerciseisexercisethatdevelopstheheart,lungs,andcirculatorysystems.Ifthesesystemsarefit,thebodyisreadyforalmostanysportandforalmostanysuddendemandmadebyworkoremergencies.Onecantrainmorespecifically,asbydevelopingstrengthforweightliftingortheabilitytorunstraightaheadforshortdistanceswithgreatpowersinfootball,butrunningtrainsyourheartandlungstodeliveroxygenmoreefficientlytoallpartsofyourbody.Itisworthnotingthatthissortofexerciseistheonlykindthatcanreduceheartdisease,thenumberonecauseofdeathinAmerica.

Onlyonesortofequipmentisneeded—agoodpairofshoes.Physiciansadvisebeginningjoggersnottoruninatennisorgymshoe.Manydesignadvanceshavebeenmadeinonlythelastseveralyearsthatmakeanexcellentrunningshoeindispensableifarunnerwishestodevelopasquicklyaspossible,withaslittlechanceofinjuryaspossible.Agoodrunningshoewillhaveasoftpadforabsorbingshock,aswellasaslightlybuilt-upheelandafullheelcupthatwillgivethekneeandanklemorestability.Awiseinvestmentingoodshoeswillpreventblistersandthefoot,ankleandkneeinjuriesandwillalsoenablethewearertorunonpavedorsoftsurfaces.

Nootherspecialequipmentisneeded;youcanjoginanyclothing,youdesire,evenyourstreetclothes.Manyjoggerswearexpensive,flashywarm-upsuits,butjustasmanywearasimplepairofgymshoesandT-shirt;infact,manypeoplejustjoginlastyear'sclothes.Incoldweather,severallayersofclothingarebetterthanoneheavysweaterorcoat.Ifjoggersarewearingseverallayersofclothing,theycanaddorsubtractlayersasconditionschange.

Ittakessurprisinglylittletimetodeveloptheabilitytorun.TheAmericanJoggingAssociationhasatwelve-weekprogramdesignedtomoveformafifteen-minutewalk(whichalmostanyonecanmanagewhoisinreasonablehealth)toathirty-minuterun.Ameasureofcommonsense,aphysicalexamination,andaplannedscheduleareallittakes.

1.Theymainpurposeofthispassageisto（

）.

2.Themostusefulkindofexerciseisexercisethat

（

）.

3.Wecanconcludefromthispassagethat

（

）.

4.Theauthor'stone

（

）.

5.Asusedinthispassage,theword“mystical”means（

）.

问题1选项

A.discussjoggingasaphysicalfitnessprogram

B.describethetypeofclothingneededforjogging

C.providescientificevidenceofthebenefitsofjogging

D.distinguishbetweenjoggingasa"commonsense"fitnessprogramandacult(崇拜)movement

问题2选项

A.trainsthebodyforweightlifting

B.enablesapersontorunstraightaheadforShortdistanceswithgreatpower

C.isbothbeneficialandinexpensive

D.developstheheart,lungs,andcirculatorysystems

问题3选项

A.becauseofjogging,heartdiseaseisnolongeranAmericanproblem

B.joggingcanbeharmfuliftherunnerisnotproperlyprepared

C.warm-upsuitsarepreferabletogymshoesandT-shirts

D.joggingisbadfortheanklesandknees

问题4选项

A.skeptical

B.aggressive

C.approving

D.purelyobjective

问题5选项

A.awesome

B.horrifying

C.aspiritualdiscipline

D.vicious

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章首段提出慢跑是一种简便易行的且可以保持健康的运动方式。之后分别讨论了跑步鞋、着装、跑步能力。故选A。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词Themostusefulkindofexercise定位至第二段:.Themostusefulsortofexerciseise0了，xercisethatdevelopstheheart,lungs,andcirculatorysystems(最有效的运动方式就是可以训练心脏、肺部以及整个血液循环系统的运动)。故选D。

3.判断推理题。第三段指出,对于慢跑者来说选择合理的跑步鞋的重要性。由此腿短,如果慢跑者没有做好准备,慢跑也可能会造成损害。故选B。

4.观点态度题。文章指出慢跑简便易行而且可以保持健康,还可以减少患心脏病的几率。故选C。

5.词义题。“mystical”出现在第一段,用于修饰“ones”(指代manytheories)。第一段主要指出慢跑这一运动项目广受欢迎,并有助于保持身体健康。故选C。

9.单选题

Wethink（

）possibleforhimtoachievehistargetinsomanyyears.

问题1选项

A.it

B.that

C.what

D.this

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我们认为在这么多年里达成目标，于他而言是可能的。

语法题。考查形式宾语。不定式toachievehistargetinsomanyyears为真正的宾语，possible为宾语补足语。当不定式作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语移至句末。故A正确。

10.单选题

Idon’tsmokenow,butIused（

）whenIwasyoung.

问题1选项

A.to

B.todo

C.toit

D.todoingit

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我现在不抽烟了，但是我年轻的时候常常抽烟。

固定搭配。usedtodo过去常常;be/getusedtosth./doingsth.习惯于…。因此B符合句意。

11.单选题

TheOlympicGameswerewatchedby（

）billionsofpeoplearoundtheworld.

问题1选项

A.virtually

B.deliberately

C.literally

D.appropriately

【答案】A

【解析】句意:几乎有数以亿计的全世界观众观看奥运会。

副词辨析。Virtually几乎，事实上,实际上;deliberately故意,谨慎地;literally字面上;appropriately适当地。故A符合句意。

12.单选题

Thereareasgoodfishinthesea（

）evercameoutofit.

问题1选项

A.than

B.like

C.as

D.so

【答案】C

【解析】句意:海里的好鱼多得是（强中更有强中手）。

固定搭配。“as（作副词用）+形容词或副词+as（作连词用）”表示同级比较。

13.单选题

Outsidemyofficewindowthereisafire（

）ontheright.

问题1选项

A.escape

B.ladder

C.steps

D.stairs

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我办公室的窗外右侧有一个安全出口。

固定搭配。四个选项中常与fire搭配使用的是escape;fireescape意为“防火安全楼梯，安全出口”。

14.单选题

Mr.Greenhasrecentlybeen（

）ofthecompany.

问题1选项

A.appointedtopresident.

B.appointedpresident

C.appointedapresident

D.appointedthepresident

【答案】B

【解析】句意:格林先生最近升任公司董事长了。

语法题。考查冠词。根据冠词的语法规则,职位前不加冠词。而且appoint是及物动词,后面直接接宾语president。故选B.

15.单选题

Asthetrainwillnotleaveuntilonehourlater,we（

）grababiteatthesnackbar.

问题1选项

A.maywell

B.justaswell

C.mightaswell

D.aswell

【答案】C

【解析】句意:既然火车一小时后才开，我们不妨去快餐店吃点东西。

固定搭配。mightaswell不妨……，最好……。

16.单选题

Asawisemanoncesaid,weareallultimatelyalone.ButanincreasingnumberofEuropeansarechoosingtobesoataneverearlierage.Thisisn’tthestuffofgloomyphilosophicalcontemplations,butafactofEurope’sneweconomiclandscape,embracedbysociologists,real-estatedevelopers,andadexecutivesalike.Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe“irresistiblemomentumofindividualism”overthelastcentury.Thecommunicationsrevolution,theshiftfromabusinesscultureofstabilitytooneofmobilityandthemassentryofwomenintotheworkforcehavegreatlywreakedhavoconEuropeans’privatelives.

Europe’sneweconomicclimatehaslargelyfosteredthetrendtowardindependence.Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonescameofageduringEurope’sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmericanstylecapitalism.Raisedinaneraofprivatizationandincreasedconsumerchoice,today’stech-savvyworkershaveembracedafreemarketinloveaswellaseconomics.ModemEuropeansarerichenoughtoaffordtolivealone,andtemperamentallyindependentenoughtowan