高中英语-Module-6-Old-and-New-Period-3-Grammar语法专题课情境互

Module6OldandNewGrammar1/271.Learntheattributiveclauses.2.Learnsomelanguagepoints.Learningaims2/27试比较：1.ThisistheplacewhereIlivedtenyearsago.Theschool,whereIoncestudied,wasbuiltthirtyyearsago.2.HeisamanwhoIcanaskforhelp.Hisfather,whoworksinBeijing,camebackyesterday.Leading-in限制性定语从句和先行词关系亲密，假如去掉从句，剩下部分意义不完整；非限制性定语从句只是先行词附加说明，假如去掉从句，意义依然完整。3/27GRAMMAR1Non-definingattributiveclauses4/271.非限制性定语从句位于名词之后，不作限定性描述，仅作说明和补充，通惯用逗号隔开。Peter,whohadbeendrivingallday,suggestedstoppingatthenexttown.彼得开了整整一天车，他提议在下一个城镇停留。Shegavemethisdictionary,whichshehadboughtinthebookshop.她送给我这本词典，是她在书店买。5/272.在限制性定语从句中，假如关系代词在从句中作宾语，常可省略。非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不能省略，不能用that引导。关系代词跟在介词之后不能省略。1)Theletter

which/that

IreceivedwasfromBen.=Theletter______________wasfromBen.2)Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tapersonto

whom

shecouldturnforhelp.=…,therewasn’taperson________________shecouldturntoforhelp.Ireceivedwhom/who/不填

6/273.关系代词as可引导非限制性定语从句,代替整个主句意思,其位置比较灵活,可位于句首、句中、句末;which引导非限制性定语从句只能置于主句后。As

weallknow,Englishiseasytolearn.English,

as

weallknow,iseasytolearn.Hefailedtheexam,

which

madehisfatherangry.7/27限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句类别意义功效形式关系代词,副词限制性定语从句起限定作用,若省略,原句意义不完整修饰先行词通常紧接先行词后,无逗号关系词可由that代替，也可省略非限制性定语从句补充说明,若省去,不影响句意修饰先行词或整句有逗号与主句隔开关系词不可由that代替,也不能省略8/27【高考链接】1.(·天津高考)Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,_______theweathermaybebetter.A.that B.whereC.which D.when【解题关键】句意:我们将会把去公园野餐时间推迟到下周,那个时候天气可能会更加好一些。先行词是nextweek,在从句中作时间状语,故选when。9/272.（•福建高考）ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership,_______showsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.A.who B.whom C.that D.which【解题关键】依据句子结构可知空格后句子是对空格前句子解释说明，是非限制性定语从句。which指代前面整个句子。10/273.（•江苏高考）Thenumberofsmokers,____isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.A.itB.whichC.whatD.as【解题关键】句意：据报道，吸烟者数量在仅仅一年内下降了17%。as引导定语从句，表示“正如”。which引导非限制性定语从句时，不放在句中。11/27GRAMMAR2Contractionofattributiveclauses12/27Readthesentencesandfindoutthemeaningofthemandunderlinetherelativeclauses.1.Imetamanmygrandfatherworkedwiththirtyyearsago.2.Imetamanwhomygrandfatherworkedwiththirtyyearsago.3.Iwantedtovisitthehousethatmygrandparentslivedin.4.ThebuswhichItookbacktomybirthplacewasfullofvisitorsfromotherpartsofChina.13/27

Summary当引导定语从句关系代词充当宾语时，能够省略。当引导定语从句关系代词充当主语时，则不能省略。14/27Rulesofthecontractionofattributiveclauses.有些定语从句能够缩略为各种短语，如分词短语、形容词短语、名词短语、介词短语及动词不定式短语等，且句意不受影响。我们称这一语法现象为定语从句缩略。15/27缩略为分词短语：

1.

有些定语从句可直接略去作主语关系代词（who,which,that）和部分谓语（am,is,are,was,were）等，使之缩略为现在分词短语或过去分词短语作后置定语。(1)Iknowthemen(whoare)sittinginthatcar.我认识坐在那辆汽车里那些人。

(2)Theboyshelpedthepeople(thatwere)hurtintheaccident.

那些男孩子救助了事故中受伤人们。16/27(3)Theproblem(whichis)botheringeverybodyisthelackofmoney.

令大家麻烦问题是缺乏资金。

(4)Thebook(thathasbeen)giventohimisanEnglishnovel.

给他那本书是一部英语小说。

17/272.有些定语从句不能按上述方法直接缩略，而需变动词为分词。这类定语从句普通缩略为现在分词短语，且在缩略时要考虑现在分词时态和语态特征。比如：

(1)Themanwhoownsthatcarwillbefinedforillegalparking.

→Themanowningthatcarwillbefinedforillegalparking.

那辆汽车主人将因违章停车而被处以罚款。18/27(2)Bill,whohadtakenchemistryinhighschool,offeredtohelphim.

→Bill,havingtakenchemistryinhighschool,offeredtohelphim.

比尔在高中学过化学，他主动提出帮助他。19/27LanguagePoints20/27makesense讲得通;有意义;有道理Ifyoutakeawaytheattributiveclauses,dothesentencesstillmakesense?假如你把定语从句拿掉，这些句子依然有意义吗？Whathesaiddoesn’tmakeanysense.他说话毫无意义。Itmakesgoodsensethattheykeepcattleonthehillside.他们在山坡上养牛很有道理。21/27【知识拓展】makealotof/some/nosense很有/有一定/没有道理makesenseof...弄懂，了解（主语常为人）ina/somesense从某种意义上讲innosense/way绝不thereisnosenseindoingsth.做某事毫无道理22/27Idon’tmakesenseofwhatshesaid.我不了解她话。Thissentencemakesnosense.这个句子没有意义。Thereisnosenseinworryingaboutthepast.为过去事情担忧是毫无意义。23/27【即学即练】Thissentencejustdoesn’t______________,nomatterhowyoureadit.不论你怎样读这个句子，它就是没有任何意义。2.Canyou_____________thispoem?你看得懂这首诗吗？makeanysense完成句子。makesenseof24/27Classexercises1.（·天津高考)Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachofthemusesitdifferently.改错。which2.（·辽宁高考）Hemaywinthecom