高考英语-重难增分篇-第一讲-时态和语态-市赛课公开课一等奖省名师获奖课件

李仕才1/512/513/514/515/511．利用“7看法”，熟记“4句型”速判动词时态

(1)掌握独特时间状语标志(7看法)6/517/51Iusuallygetupatfouro’clockeverymorningwhenit’sstilldark.我通常天天早晨四点起床，那时天还很黑。Iwillbetalkingwiththeprofessoratthistimetomorrow.明天这个时间我将在和教授谈话。BythetimeyougethomeIwillhavecleanedthehousefromtoptobottom.到你回家时候，我将会已经把房子清扫得干洁净净。8/51(2)熟记固定句型中时态(4句型)►bedoing...when...，主句惯用过去进行时，从句惯用普通过去时。►nosooner...than或hardly...when...，主句用过去完成时，从句用普通过去时。►Itis/hasbeen＋时间段＋since...表示“自从……以来已经……”。主句用现在完成时或普通现在时，从句用普通过去时。►This/It/Thatisthefirst/second...timethat...表示“这/那是第一/二……次……”，后面句子要用现在完成时。9/51Hardlyhadthespeakerfinishedhisspeechwhentheaudiencekeptaskinghimquestions.演讲者一结束他讲话，观众就不停地向他提问。Itisthethirdtimethatyouhavebeenlateforworkthisweek,isn’tit?这已经是你本周第三次工作迟到了，不是吗？Theboywasdoinghishomeworkwhenhisfathercamebackfromwork.当那个男孩父亲下班回来时，他正在做作业。10/512．被动语态几点说明(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作执行者是谁，或者需要突出或强调动作承受者时，就要用被动语态。(2)只有及物动词才有被动语态。但cost，have，own，lack，agreewith，sufferfrom，belongto，consistof等及物动词或及物短语动词没有被动语态。(3)happen，occur，comeabout，takeplace等不及物动词没有被动语态。(4)带有介词动词短语被动语态，不要遗漏介词。Thechildrenwillbelookedafterwellhere.这些孩子在这里将受到很好照料。11/51(5)系动词feel，look，seem，appear，taste，sound，smell，prove，remain等用主动形式表示被动意义，主语通常是事物。Thematerialfeelsverysoft.这种料子摸起来很柔软。12/51读语篇，悟语法。重复朗诵以下短文，领悟画线黑体部分。注意时态语态使用方法。IamLiFan，chairmanoftheStudents’Union.Iam__writing[1]todrawyourattentiontosomeimproperbehaviourinourcampus：litteringandscribbling.Ithas__been__making[2]ourschooldirtyandunpleasant.Ialwaysfeel__ashamed[3]wheneverIseethis.Itisclearlynotappropriateforastudenttolitterandscribbleabout.Lastweek，thestudents’Unionheld[4]ameetingtoseeksomesolutionstotheseproblems.Wewere__having[5]aheateddiscussionwhenourheadmastercameandjoinedus.Afterthe13/51meeting，theheadmastersaidthattheschoolhadmade[6]effortstoimprovethissituationandmoredustbinswouldbeplaced[7]around.Recently，theStudents’Unionhassetup[8]specificrulesagainstsuchbehaviour.Atthesametime，allofusshoulddevelopgoodhabitsandbetterbehaveourselves.Webelievethat，withthejointeffortsofbothteachersandstudents，ourschoolwillbecome[9]amoreenjoyableplaceinthenearfuture.14/511．现在进行时，表示现在正在发生动作。2．现在完成进行时，表示从过去从开始一直延续到现在并有可能继续下去动作。3．普通现在时，表示经常性或习惯性动作。4．普通过去时，在过去某个时间里(lastweek上周)所发生动作。5．过去进行时，在过去某一时间正在进行动作。6．过去完成时，表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了动作，即“过去过去”。15/517．过去未来时，表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生动作或将要存在状态。另外，此处主语dustbins为动作承受者，所以用被动语态。8．现在完成时，表示过去发生某一动作对现在造成影响或结果。9．普通未来时，表示在未来某一时刻要发生动作或存在状态。16/51Ⅰ.单句填空(用所给动词适当形式填空)1．Thesunwassettingwhenmycar________(break)downneararemotevillage.2．Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheirnaturalcourse.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften________(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.3．Peoplesteppedonyourfeetor________(push)youwiththeirelbows，hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.4．Hermotherwasexcited.“Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking，”Jane______________(inform)．brokeresultspushedwasinformed17/515．IgotonthebusandfoundaseatnearthebackandthenInoticedamansittingatthefront.He______________(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.6．I’llgotothelibraryassoonasIfinishwhatI________(do)．7．ItisthemostinstructivelecturethatI______________(attend)sinceIcametothisschool.8．Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms________________(produce)allovertheworld.9．BythetimeJackreturnedhomefromEngland，hisson______________(graduate)fromcollege.10．Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe’stheonlyoneofthewomenwho________(wear)eveningdress.waspretendingamdoinghaveattendedhavebeenproducedhadgraduatedwears18/51Ⅱ.单句改错(以下每句中有一处错误，每处错误仅包括一个单词增加、删除或修改，请指出并更正。)1．Itisthefirsttimethathetalkedwithhisfatherfacetoface.________________2．Thevaseisn’tbelongtohim.______________3．Sheinsistedthatsheorganizedthetriponherown.____________________4．Inthelasttwentyyears，greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinourcountry.__________________5．Astimegoby，onlineshoppingisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.____________talked→hastalkedisn’t→doesn’torganized→organize去掉have后beengo→goes19/516．Eversincemiddleschool，mysisterWangWeiandIdreamedabouttakingagreatbiketrip.__________________7．HardlyIsatdownwhenIheardtheshockingnews.____________8．Thebookhastranslatedintothirtylanguagessinceitcameonthemarketin1973.____________________9．Theoldmanishappybecauseheiswelltakencare.____________10．Thenewteachingbuildingwasbuildedlastyear.______________在dreamed前加have在I前加had在translated前加been在care后加ofbuilded→built20/51Ⅲ.语篇填空(用括号中动词正确形式填空)Howhaveyoumanagednottotakeadrinkforalmost20years？It1.________(take)mealmost20yearstohavethecouragetoevenaskmyfatherthisverypersonalquestion.WhenDadfirstquitdrinking，thewholefamilywasonpinsandneedleseverytimehegotintoasituationthat，inthepast，2.________(start)himdrinkingagain.Forafewyearswewereafraidtobringitupforfearthedrinking3.________(begin)again.21/51“IhadthislittlepoemthatIwouldrecitetomyselfatleastfourtofivetimesaday，”wasDad’sreplytomy18­year­oldunaskedquestion.Andthenhe4.________(share)thepoemwithme.Aboutamonthafterthistalkwithmyfather，whenI5.________(have)arest，Ireceivedagiftinthemailfromafriendofmine.Itwasabookofdailyaffirmationswithoneaffirmationlistedforeachdayoftheyear.It6.________(be)myexperiencethatwhenyou7.________(get)somethingwithdaysoftheyearonit，you8.________(turn)tothepagethatlistsyourownbirthday.22/51IhurriedlyopenedthebooktoNovember10toseewhatwordsofwisdomthisbookhadinstoreforme.There，onmybirthday，wastheexactsamepoemthat9.________(help)myfatherforalltheseyears！It10.________(call)theSerenity

Prayer.23/51【语篇导读】一位十八岁儿子鼓起勇气问出了怀揣了快要二十年问题：父亲是怎样成功戒酒近二十年。最终在朋友送一本书上，恰好在自己生日对应那一页看到了父亲戒酒期间勉励自己祷告，表示了父亲为了儿子而戒酒浓浓父爱。1．took

[从下文“Forafewyearswewereafraidto...”“were”可知，此处应该用普通过去时。]2．wouldhavestarted

[句意：“父亲最初戒酒时，一旦他陷入过去再次喝酒情景时，整个家庭就会坐立不安。”从上文“everytimehegotintoa．..”谓语动词过去式可知，此处表示是过去必定会发生事情。]3．wouldbegin

[从句无谓语动词，且从上文“wewereafraidtobringitupforfear”谓语动词were可知，此处缺乏一个表示过去未来谓语动词。]24/514．shared

[本句无谓语动词，从该句时间副词“then”可知，此处应为普通过去时。]5．washaving

[由when引发时间状语从句中从句部分无谓语动词，故have在本句应作谓语动词，又从主句谓语动词received可知，当初作者应该是正在休息，收到礼品，故此处应该填动词过去进行时，表示过去正在进行动作。]6．hasbeen

[此句为it引导形式主语从句，be在主句中作谓语动词；由下文“myexperience”可知这么事情已经发生屡次，已成经验，故用完成时态。]7．get

[由when引发从句缺乏谓语动词，再由原文可知，这里表示是一件经常发生事情，故用动词普通现在时。]8．willturn

[由when引发时间状语从句中，从句谓语动词get用普通现在时，主句就会用普通未来时，表示将要发生动作。]25/519．hadhelped

[因为主句there＋be句式谓语动词be用过去时，而以thepoem为先行词定语从句中无谓语动词，需要一个表示发生在主句谓语动作之前动作，故用过去完成时。]10．iscalled

[句子无谓语动词，故call应作句子谓语；而it与call之间是被动关系；文中讲是书名，应为客观存在事实，故用普通现在时被动语态。]26/51第二课时高考研究课动词时态和语态在语法填空中考查点规律方法“4步法”确定动词时态和语态►第一步，确定句子是否缺乏谓语：假如括号中给出提醒词是动词，首先要分析句子成份。假如句子缺乏谓语，那么空格处应填谓语动词，就要考虑使用适当时态和语态。►第二步，确定时态：要依据详细语境、时间状语或另一动词时态来判断用哪种时态。27/51►第三步，确定语态：语态要依据主语和谓语动词之间逻辑关系确定。主语和谓语动词之间是主动关系时动词就应用主动语态，是被动关系时就应用被动语态。►第四步，确定主谓一致：要注意谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。28/511．Steamengines________(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.(·全国卷Ⅱ)真题验证1wereused

[此处讲是过去事情，主语Steamengines和use之间是被动关系，所以用普通过去时被动语态。]2．Later,engineers________(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道)，whichbecameknownastheTube.(·全国卷Ⅱ)managed

[此处讲是过去事情，所以用普通过去时，主语engineers和manage之间是主动关系，故填managed。]29/51areremoved

[填空处于句中作谓语。本文讲述是现实状况，用普通现在时。主语是fatandsalt，与remove之间是被动关系，故填areremoved。]3．Whenfatandsalt________(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.(·全国卷Ⅰ)4．Sarah________(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.(·全国卷Ⅲ)hasbeentold/wastold

[句意应为“有些人告诉过Sarah，她可能是英国一名新超模，下一年能挣一百万美元”，故句子谓语应该使用现在完成时被动语态。因为从句中谓语动词couldbe此处也能够使用普通过去时被动语态。]30/515．Sarahsays,“MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment,school________(come)first.Idon’twanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling.”(·全国卷Ⅲ)comes

[此句是直接引语，依据前后句子谓语可知，动词come应该使用普通现在时。]6．Pahlssonandherhusband________(search)thekitchen,checkingeverycorner,butturnedupnothing.(·浙江卷)searched

[依据后面butturnedupnothing可知，此处描述是过去发生行为，故要用普通过去时。]31/51swept

[戒指被扫进垃圾堆里。主语thering与动词sweep之间为被动关系，故此处要用动词过去分词形式。]7．Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygot________(sweep)intoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden,whereitremaineduntilthecarrot’sleafytopaccidentallysprouted(生长)throughit.(·浙江卷)8．Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand________(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.(·全国卷Ⅲ)were

[由前面谓语动词believed,wouldremind等使用过去时，可知此处be动词应使用过去时。]32/519．ItwasraininglightlywhenI________(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.(·全国卷Ⅰ)arrived

[在句型“bedoing...when...”中，前半分句中使用了过去进行时，后半分句中arrive应该使用过去时。]10．Thiscycle________(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.(·全国卷Ⅱ)goes

[此处谓语动词陈说了一个客观真理。]33/51动词时态和语态在短文改错中考查点3“从”标准1．从语篇和上下文整体把握时态；从时间状语上判断时态。2．从连词前后看平行谓语动词差异。3．从主谓关系上判断主动或被动关系。规律方法34/51真题验证21．Whensummercame,theywillinvitetheirstudentstopickthefreshvegetables！(·全国卷Ⅱ)____________came→comes

[本文整体用普通现在时，描述现实状况。此处主句是普通未来时，when引导时间状语从句用普通现在时表示未来，且从句主语为第三人称单数，故应用comes。]2．Beforegettingintothecar,IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor’sorders,butonceIstartedthecar,mymindgoesblank.(·全国卷Ⅰ)____________goes→went

[此处讲述是发生在过去事情，所以用普通过去时。]35/51had→have

[依据时间状语inthepastfewyears可知，本句应用现在完成时。]3.Ihadgrownnotonlyphysically,butalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.(·全国卷Ⅲ)____________4.Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowastook,Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschoolandbecameanewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub.(·全国卷Ⅲ)____________took→taken

[由句子结构可知，应该使用普通过去时被动语态，故应用过去分词taken。]36/515.Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowastaken,Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschoolandbecomeanewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub.(·全国卷Ⅲ)____________become→became

[此句中enter和become是并列谓语，应用普通过去时。]6．However,myparentsdidn’tseemtothinkso.Theyalwaystellmewhattodoandhowtodoit.(·全国卷Ⅲ)____________tell→told

[由前句中时态

“didn’tseem”，可知，后句中谓语动词应用过去时。]37/517．Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsidetheshop.(·全国卷Ⅱ)____________telling→told

[由并列连词and可知，telling应该和前面saw为平行谓语动词，故用told。]8．Tonywasscaredandbeguntocry.(·全国卷Ⅱ)____________begun→began

[由并列连词and可知，begun应该和前面wasscared为平行谓语动词；且begun和主语Tony为主动关系，故用began。]9．Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriousproblem.(·全国卷Ⅰ)____________去掉been

[依据语境可知，show和主语studies为主动关系。]38/511．我希望他度过一个愉快生日。(hope,haveahappybirthday)______________________________________2．我们快一点，火车4点30分开。(leave)__________________________________3．我在那个小学上过6年学。(study,theprimaryschool,for)________________________________________第三课时写作增分课时态、语态在写作中增分点一、洞察“过去、现在和未来”——写对句子Ihopethathehas/willhaveahappybirthday.Let’shurry.Thetrainleavesat4：30.Istudiedinthatprimaryschoolforsixyears.39/514．我不知道你已经出国了。(goabroad)_________________________________5．假如你想上重点大学，你英语必须很优异。(beto,akeycollege,excellent)______________________________________________________6．像我们班主任这么人理应受到尊重。(such...as,headteacher,beto,respect)_____________________________________________Ididn’tknowyouhadgoneabroad.Ifyouaretogotoakeycollege,yourEnglishmustbeexcellent.Suchpeopleasourheadteacheraretoberespected.40/51二、知晓“何时完成”——推敲句子1．我表弟已经回家了。他是上星期回家。他已经走了一个星期了。他在这里呆了一个月。(cousin,gobackhome,stay)_______________________________________________________________________________________________2．他年搬到这里，自那之后他一直住在这里。(move,live,eversince)________________________________________________3．过去几年中国发展得很快。(developrapidly,pastfewyears)___________________________________________Mycousinhasgonebackhome.Hewenthomelastweek.Hehasbeenawayforaweek.Hestayedhereforamonth.Hemovedhereinandhehaslivedhereeversince.Chinahasdevelopedrapidlyinthepastfewyears.41/514．他感冒已经快一个星期了，他是上周一得感冒。(haveacold,catchacold)__________________________________________________________5．上星期他没去青岛旅游，因为他以前曾经去过。(visitQingdao)_________________________________________________________6．到下周末为止，我离开家将有两个月了。(beawayfrom,bytheendof)______________________________________________________________Hehashadacoldforalmostaweek.HecaughtthecoldlastMonday.Hedidn’tvisitQingdaolastweek,becausehehadbeentherebefore.Bytheendofnextweek,Iwillhavebeenawayfromhomefortwomonths.42/51三、善辨“何时进行”——优化句子1．我没有听懂我们老师说什么，因为我刚才在考虑别事情。(catch，thinkabout，somethingelse)____________________________________________________________________2．你无须买那么贵手机。科技发展很快，即使最新型号也会很快就过时。(expensive,cellphone,technology,developrapidly,thenewestmodel,outofdate)_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ididn’tcatchwhatourteachersaid,becauseIwasthinkingaboutsomethingelse.Youneedn’tbuythatexpensiveacellphone.Astechnologyisdevelopingveryrapidly,eventhenewestmodelwillbeoutofdatesoon.43/513．既然你总是玩电子游戏，你怎能赶上他人呢？(howcan,when,always,playvideogames)______________________________________________________________________4．明天这个时候我们就会在一起高兴地交谈。我急不可待地想见到你。(talktogetherhappily,can’twaitto)______________________________________________________________________5．当他从昏迷中醒来之后，他意识到他已在那里躺了很长时间。(cometo,realize,lie)__________________________________________________________Howcanyoucatchupwithotherswhenyouarealwaysplayingvideogames?We’llbetalkingtogetherhappilyatthistimetomorrowandIcan’twaittoseeyou.Whenhecameto,herealizedhehadbeenlyingthereforalongtime.44/51四、巧用“主将从现”——写美句子1．只要你不告诉他人，我就告诉你真相。(tellthetruth,aslongas,keepittoyourself)________________________________________________2．一旦你到那里，请给我打个电话。(once,givesbacall)___________________________________3．等到你下次来，我们新房子将会盖好。你就能够和我们一起住了。(newhouse,complete,bythetime,stay)______________________________________________________________________________________Iwilltellyouthetruthaslongasyoukeepittoyourself.Onceyougetthere,pleasegivemeacall.Ournewhousewillhavebeencompletedbythetimeyoucomenexttime.Thenyoucanstaywithus.45/514．即使明天下雨，我们也不会改变计划。(changeourplan,evenif)____________________________________________5．抓到这个被通缉人或者提供有价值线索人将得到一大笔钱。(anyonewho,thewantedman,provideusefulinformation,award,alargesumofmoney)__________________________________________________________________________________________6．你越努力，你进步就越大。(theharder,thegreaterprogress)_________________________________________________Wewon’tchangeourplanevenifitrainstomorrow.Anyonewhocatchesthewantedmanorprovidesusefulinformationwillbeawardedalargesumofmoney.Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.46/51五、熟用句型——“亮”化句子1．我正要离开这时我手机响了。(beaboutto...when)___________________________________________2．我们正在上语文课，这时门开了，进来一个警察。(haveaChineseclass,when,income)______________________________________________________________________3．当他们来到时候，我作业刚完成，正要去购物。(finish,goshopping,when)_____________________________________________________________________Iwasabouttoleavewhenmymobilephonerang.WewerehavingaChineseclasswhenthedooropenedandincameapoliceman.Ihadjustfinishedmyhomeworkandwasabouttogoshoppingwhentheyarrived.47/514．这是我第一次到上海，我感到一切都是那么神奇。(thefirsttime,amazing)_______________________________________________________________________5．那是我第一次见到外国人。我感到很兴奋，就走上前往向他说了声“hello”。(thefirsttime,see,foreigner,excited,goup,say“hello”to)__________________________________________________________________________________________ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavebeeninShanghaiandIfeeleverythingissoamazing.ThatwasthefirsttimethatIhadseenaforeigner.Feelingveryexcited,Iwentupandsaid“he