Unit-1-a-Brief-Introduction-of-the-UK市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金

Unit1ABriefIntroductionoftheUK1/59Majorpoints

Acomplicatedcountrywithacomplicatednameandcomplicatedpopulationmake-upTheimperialpastanditseffectsontoday’sUKItsclassandraceItsregions2/59Lead-inquestionsWhatdoyousay“英国人”inEnglish？Whatisthefullnameof“英国”inEnglish？HowmanypartsdoestheUKconsistof?Whatarethey?WhatisthedifferencebetweenEngland,GreatBritain,UK,andBritishIsles?3/59AcomplicatedcountrywithacomplicatednameThefullnameofthecountry:TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandComplication:EnglishorBritish?England?GreatBritain?UK?BritishIsles?4/59RegionsoftheUKEnglandWalesScotlandNorthernIreland5/59EnglandUKBritishIslesGreatBritain

6/59Theimperialpastanditseffectsontoday’sUKItwasaproductoftheAgeofDiscovery,whichbeganwiththemaritimeexplorationsofthe15thcentury.By1921,Itcoveredabout36.7millionkm²,aboutaquarterofEarth'stotallandarea.Asaresult,itspolitical,linguisticandculturallegacyiswidespread.7/59Atthepeakofitspower,itwasoftensaidthat"thesunneversetsontheBritishEmpire"becauseitsspanacrosstheglobeensuredthatthesunwasalwaysshiningonatleastoneofitsnumerouscoloniesorsubjectnations.8/59"thesunneversetsontheBritishEmpire"9/59DuringthefivedecadesfollowingWorldWarII,mostoftheterritoriesoftheEmpirebecameindependent.ManywentontojointheCommonwealthofNations,afreeassociationofindependentstates.SomehaveretainedtheBritishmonarchastheirheadofstate.10/59Theimperialeffectsontoday’sUK

CloserelationshipswiththeCommonwealthcountries,whichusedtobeapartoftheBritishEmpireThemake-upoftheBritishpopulation.NowtheUKisamultiracialsociety.11/59TheCommonwealthofNationsTheCommonwealthofNations,usuallyknownastheCommonwealth,isavoluntaryassociationof53independentsovereignstates,mostofwhichareformerBritishcolonies,ordependenciesofthesecolonies(theexceptionsbeingtheUnitedKingdomitselfandMozambique).12/59classstructureintheUKBritainisasocietywithaclass-structure,dividedbyeconomicsandculturaldifferences.Itismoreobviousthanothersocieties.HereditaryaristocracyUpper-middleclassMiddleclassLowermiddleclassWorkingclass

13/59RegionsoftheUKEnglandWalesScotlandNorthernIreland14/59EnglandCapital(andlargestcity):London

Area:130423sqkmOfficiallanguages:EnglishPopulation:above50million(UK:about60million)

15/5916/59SymbolsofEnglandWhatimagesareassociatedwithEngland?

17/59StGeorge'sFlag:

FlagofEngland

ThreeLionsEmblem18/59PrincessDiana,England'sRose

19/5920/5921/5922/5923/59HistoryofInvasionsBeforethe1stcenturyAD,BritainwasmadeupofmanytribalkingdomsofCelticpeople:apowerfulcultureoriginatingincentralEurope.1.InvasionbyRomansIn43AD,BritainwasinvadedbytheRomanEmpire,andEnglandandWalesbecameapartoftheRomanEmpirefornearly400years.24/59TheRomanEmpire25/592.InvasionbyAnglo-SaxonsAstheRomanarmiesandRomanprotectionwerewithdrawnfromBritain,andBritainwasagaindividedintosmallkingdoms,andagainitcameunderthreatfromGermanicpeoples:theAngles,andtheSaxon.TheAnglo-SaxonssucceededininvadingBritain,andeitherabsorbtheCelticpeople,orpushedthemtothewesternandnorthernedgesofBritain.26/593.InvasionbyVikingsFromthelate8thcenturyon,raidersfromScandinavia,theVikings,threatenedBritainshores.KingAlfred,theGreat

turnedthetideinthesouthagainsttheVikings.27/594.InvasionbyNormansIn1066,EnglandwasinvadedbytheNormansunderWilliamofNormandy,fromnorthernFrance,whoweredescendantsofVikings.TheBattleofHastings,defeatedanEnglisharmyunderKingHarold,marksthelasttimethatanarmyfromoutsidetheBritishIslessucceededininvading.28/59Thenext300yearsaftertheNormanInvasion,SaxonandEnglish-speakingpopulationhadbeenruledbyNormanaristocracy.RobinHood,

theSaxonnoblemanoppressedbytheNormans,whobecameanoutlaw,hidintheforestinthenorthmidlandofEngland,andwentouttorobtherichtogivetothepoor.29/59ThenextfewhundredsyearsfollowingNormaninvasioncanbeseenasaprocessofjoiningtogetherthevariouspartsoftheBritishislesunderEnglishrules.Atthesametimepowerwasgraduallytransferredfromthemonarchtotheparliament.30/59ScotlandArea:78

772

km²(30

414

miles²),

roughly30%oftheareaoftheUKClimate:temperateandverychangeable,butrarelyextremeGeographyPopulation

Language31/59GeographyThegeographyofScotlandishighlyvaried,fromrurallowlandstobarrenuplands,andfromlargecitiestouninhabitedislands.Scotlandisdividedinto:theHighlandsthecentrallowlandstheSouthernUplands.population32/59ThemoreruggedHighlandregioncontainsthemajorityofScotland'smountainousterrain,includingthehighestpeak,BenNevis,1

344

m(4

409

ft).HighlandsofScotlandhavethelowestpopulationdensityat8

inhabitantspersquarekilometerTheHighlands33/59BenNevisfromBanavievillage

34/59BenNevisinWinter

35/5936/5937/59ThelowlandzoneThelowlandzoneareflatterandhometomostofthepopulation.Around70%ofthecountry'spopulationliveintheCentralLowlands.GlasgowisthelargestcityinScotland,althoughEdinburghisthecapitalandpoliticalcentreofthecountry.38/59LanguagesinScotlandScotland’smultiplelinguisticheritageisoneofitsmostdistinctiveculturalfeatures.TheofficiallanguageisEnglish,whichisspokenbythevastmajorityofthepopulation,butLowlandScots.ScottishGaelic,theancientlanguageoftheHighlandsandislands,wasoncedominantthroughoutmuchofthecountry,butisnowonlyspokenbyaround60,000people.39/59HistoryofinvasionScotlandwasnotconqueredbytheRomans,thoughtheydidtryto,andforawhileoccupiedasfarastheedgeofthenorthernhighlandzone.NorwasmostofScotlandconqueredbytheAnglo-Saxons.40/59BritishCeltsoccupiedtheareaaroundwhatisnowGlasgow.Aroundthe6thcenturyAD,peoplefromnorthernIrelandinvadedthesouth-west.TheywerecalledtheScots,anditistheythatgavethemoderncountryofScotlanditsname.TheoriginalScottishCelts,calledthePicts,wereleftthehighlandzone.41/59BeinganindependentcountryItwasthepressurefromtheVikinginvadersthatledtoScottishkingtounify,forminganindependentsingularScottishstate.However,therewerefrequentwarsbetweenEnglandandScotland.Forexample,WilliamWallace’suprisingin1298.(seemovieBraveheart)Butonlyafewyearslater,theScots,undertheleadershipofRoberttheBruce,werevictoriousatthebattleofBannockburn,leadingto300yearsoffullindependence.42/59UnitingwithEngland

In1603,JamesthesixthofScotlandbecameJamestheFirstofEngland,unitingthetwothrones:ScotlandandEngland.ButforanotherhundredyearsScotlandmaintaineditsseparatepoliticalidentity.In1707byagreementoftheEnglandandScottishparliaments,Scotlandjoinedtheunion.ButtodaythedreamofanindependentScotlandhasnotvanished.43/59WalesPopulation:

estimate3million

in

Area:20776sqkmCapitalcity(alsolargestcity):CardiffLanguages:welsh,English,TheRedDragon,apopularWelshsymbol44/59Geography

MuchofWales'diverselandscapeismountainous,particularlyinthenorthandcentralregions.ThehighestmountaininWalesareinSnowdoniaandincludeSnowdon,which,at1085m(3,560ft)isthehighestpeakinWales.ThoughitishillierandmoreruggedthanEngland,thereisnonaturalboundary.SoWaleshasbeendominatedbyEnglandlongerthantheothernationsoftheunion.45/59Snowdon46/59EconomyYesterdayandToday

Ithadrichcoaldepositsinthesouthernarea,sothecoal-miningbecamethekeyindustryfortheWelsh.TheSouthWalesValleysweretheheartoftheWelshminingandsteelindustry,althoughnowverylittleoftheheavyindustryisleft.Wales'economyisnowprimarilyserviced-based.TourismplaysanimportantpartoftheWelsheconomy.ItispracticallyimportantinthecoastalregionsofNorthandWestWalesaswellasaroundSnowdonia.47/59History

BeforethearrivaloftheRomanEmpire,WaleswasalandofCelticpeoples,livinginanumberofsmalltribalkingdoms.However,WaleswasconqueredbytheRomanseventually.WhentheRomansleftBritain,WaleswasagainaCelticland,thoughagaindividedintoseparatekingdoms,itdidnotfalltotheAnglo-Saxonsinvadersofthe5thcentury.48/59TheunifyingofWales

WaleswasalwaysunderpressurefromitsEnglishneighbors,particularlyaftertheNormanconquest.ThustherewasaneedtounifyWalestosuccessfullyresisttheEnglish.LlywelynapGruffuddbroughtalargeaportionofWalesunderhisrule,andbymilitarycampaignforcedtheEnglishkingtoacknowledgehimasPrinceofWalesin1267.49/59Butwhenhedied,theEnglishking,EdwardtheFirst,setaboutconqueringWales,buildingaseriesofgreatstonecastlestherefromwhichtocontrolthepopulation.ThesecastlesstandtodayasoneofWalesgreatesttouristattractions.50/59Beaumaris,begunin1295,wasthelastandlargestofthecastlesbuiltbyKingEdwardIinWales.51/59ontheeasternedgeoftown,Beaumaris,Anglesey,northWales

52/59BeaumarisCastleBeaumarisCastleontheIslandofAngleseyisthegreatunfinishedmasterpiece.Itwasbuiltasoneofthe'ironring'ofNorthWalescastlesbytheEnglishmonarchEdwardI,tostamphisauthorityontheWelsh.Butitwasneverfinished,moneyandsuppliesranoutbeforethefortificationsreachedtheirfullheight.53/59PrinceofWalesEdwardtheFirst

namedhissonthePrinceofWales,andthefirstsonofthemonarchhasheldthattitleeversince(includingPrinceCharles).54/59In1536,Waleswasbroughtlegally,administratively,andpoliticallyintotheUKbyanactoftheBritishparliament.ThecloserelationshipmeansthatmodernWaleslacksomeo