新标准大学英语视听说3原文与翻译

新标准大学英语视听说3原文&翻译

Unit7

OutsideView

Computersareaveryimportantpartofourlives.They

tellusaboutdelaystotransport.Theydrives

trains,analyzeevidenceandcontrolbuildings.Didyou

knowthat60percentofhomesinBritainhavegotaPC(a

personalcomputer)?Formanyyoungpeople,playing

computergamesistheirfavouritewayofspendingtheir

sparetime.Computersareaveryimportantpartofmost

areasoflifeinBritain-1ibraries,thepoliceandin

school.Buttheyarebecomingmoreimportantinourhomes

aswell.They'11evencontrolthewaywelive-in"smart

homesorcomputer-controlledhouses.Thesmarthomeis

nowarealpossibility.Itwillbecomeverycommon.A

centrolcomputerwilladjustthetemperature,actasa；

burglaralarmandswitchonlights,readyforyoutocome

backhome.Andofcourseyouwillbeabletogivenew

instructionstothecomputersfromyourmobilephone.So

ifyourplanschange,youhomewillreacttomatch.Many

homeshavegotalotsoftelevisionsandseveral

computers.ThesmarthomewillprovideTVandInternet

socketsineveryroom,soyou'11beabletodowhatyou

wantwhereveryouwant.Ifthetemperatureoutside

changes,thesmarthomewilladjustthetemperaturelevels

inside.Thecomputerwillalsoclosetheblindswhenit

getdarkortostoptoomuchsunenteringaroom.Andif

youwanttoeatwhenyougethome,thecomputerwillturn

theovenonforyou!

Arecomputerstakingoverourlives?Inasurvey,44

percentofyoungpeoplebetween11and16saidtheirPC

wasatrustedfriend.Twentypercentsaidtheywere

happierattheircomputerthanspendingtimewithfamily

orfriends.AnothersurveyfoundthatpeopleinBritain

spendsomuchtimeonthephone,textingandreading

emailsthattheynolongerhavetimefor

conversation.Whatdoyouthinkaboutthat?

ListeningIn

PartI

Whenyouhaveabiscuitwithyourcupofteadoyou

dunkit?Andifsowhatistheperfectwaytodoit?That，s

thesubjectoftoday'sScienceinActionReport.Itmay

behardtobelieve,butscientistsattheUniversityof

Bristolhavebeenanalyzingthisquestion.Andaftera

two-monthstudy,theydevisedamathematicalformulafor

dunkingbiscuits.Sonomoremeltingchocolate,orbiscuit

crumbsinthebottomofyourcup,whichisthefateofone

infourbiscuitsthataredunkedintea,accordingto

researchbyabiscuitmanufacturer.

Doughnutbunkersdon，tfacethesameproblemsbecause

doughnutsareheldtogetherwithanelasticnetof

proteingluten.Thissubstanceallowsthedoughnutto

absorbliquidwithoutbreakingdownitsstructure.The

structureofabiscuit,however,isheldtogetherbysugar

whichmeltswhenplacedinhotteaorcoffee.

Sowhatistheanswer?Theresearchers,ledbyDrLen

Fisher,discoveredthatholdingthebiscuitina

horizontalposition-or“flat-on"-hasasignificanteffect

ontheamountonthetimeofabiscuitcanstayinhot

liquidbeforefallingapart.Infactthishorizontal

dunkingresultsinadunkingtimeuptofourtimeslonger

thantraditionalverticaldunking.

What'sthereasonforthis?Itseemsthattheanswer

isrelatedtodiffusion,inotherwords,thelengthoftime

ittakesfortheliquidtopenetratethestructureofthe

biscuit.Basicallyittakeslongerfortheliquidto

travelthroughthechannelsofabiscuitwhenitislaid

flatonthesurfaceofliquid.Alsothefactthatwhena

biscuitisdunkedhorizontally,withthebiscuitsubmerged

intheliquid,andthechocolatecoatingstayingoutof

theliquid,thechocolatehelpsholdthebiscuittogether.

Anotherfactorinfluencingtheequationisthe

temperatureofthetea-thehotterthetea,thefasterthe

sugarmelts.

Theresearchersalsofoundthatbydunkingabiscuit

intoteaorcoffee,uptotentimesmoreflavoris

releasedthanifthebiscuitiseatendry.Soit'sworth

experimentingyourself.Ifyouarewonderinghowyoucan

perfectthehorizontaldunk,theresearchershavecomeup

withanideaforabiscuit-holdingdevicetomakedunking

biscuitseasier.Theyareevennowworkingonproducinga

tablegivingguidelinesondunkingtimesfordifferent

typesofbiscuits.

Onthatnote,Ithinkit'stimetogoofftothe

canteenforateabreak!

PartII

A:Hey,Louise!Lookatthisbookaboutcropcircles.

Someofthephotosareabsolutelyunbelievable.

B:Youdon'tbelieveinallthatstuff,doyou,

Peter?

A:I'mnotsayingIbelieveinUFOsandthings.But

someoftheformationsarefascinating.They'remadeup

oflotsoftheinterconnectedcirclesandgeometrical

shapes.Youknow,inthepastfewyears,therehavebeen

morereportsofthen.Thecirclesaregettinglargerand

designsaregettingmoreintricate-Tmsurethatthey

can'tallbeman-made.Thinkaboutit-they'reso

complicated,andtheyappearnightinthemiddleof

fieldsofwheat,barleyorcorn.It'sdefinitelypretty

weird.

B:Iknow,butIsawaTVdocumentaryaboutit.And

theyshowedhowagroupofhoaxersmadeanelaboratecrop

circleinthefieldatnight.Usingwoodenplanks,ropes,

plastictubes,andagardenroller.Theyevenfooledsome

ofthepeoplewhobelieveintheparanormal.Aliens

comingdowninUFOsandcreatingthemandsoon.

A:I'msurelotsofthemarecreatedbypeoplejust

togetpublicitybutlookhere-itsays“Thefirst

recordsofcropcirclesgetbackasfarasthe17th

century.Sincethe1917s,therehavebeenof12000

reportsfromcountriesallaroundtheworld,including

Italy,America,SouthAfrica,AustraliaandBrazil.Most

reportsarefromhereinEnglandthough.

B:Butsurelythat'sjustbecausetheygetsomuch

mediacoveragethesedays?Somorepeoplearemakingthem.

A:Perhaps.Buthowdoyouexplainthefactthatthe

actualchemicalcompositionofthegrainsofcropsinside

thecircleschanges?Scientifictestshavefoundthey

haveahigherproteinlevel.Thestemsofthegrainshave

oftenbeenexposedtohightemperatures.Andtheyfound

thatthesoiloutside.Sofar,thehoaxershaven'tbeen

abletocopyallthesefeatures.

B:Well,I'mnotascientistbutI'mpretty

scepticalaboutalltheseso-calledparanormal

explanations.IrememberintheprogrammeIwatched,the

researchersfoundsignsofhumaninterference,suchas

holesintheearthandfootprints.

A:Comeon…youmustadmit,thatstillleavesalot

whichisunexplained!

B:There,slotsofthingsthatarehardtoexplain

butthisreally.

Unit8

Insideview

Part1

Janet:Sodoyoucomehereoften,Joe?

Joe:Yes,mostweekends.ItJsthekindofthingalot

ofLondonersdowhenthey'vegotsometimeoff.

Janet:SodoyoufeellikeaLondoner,Joe?

Joe:Yes,Ithinkso.Youdon,thavetobeborna

Londonertofeellikeone.

Janet:IsitonlyopenonSaturday?

Andy:It'sopenallweek,buttherearealotmore

stallsopenfromFridaytoSunday.

Janet:Whattimedoesitopen?

Joe:It'sopenbetween10a.m.and6p.m.

Janet:6o'clock.That?squiteearly!

Joe:Well,aftersix,everyonegoesouttothepubsand

restaurantsandtheclubs.Soitgetsprettylivelyinthe

evening.It'saverytrendykindofplace.

Janet:Andit'sgotclothesandjewelleyand…

Andy:Theysellprettywelleverythinghere.

Janet:It?sverycolourful.Isitaspecialoccasion?

Joe:No,justanordinaryweekend.Butit'struethat

onholidayweekends,itgetsverybusy.

Andy:Andallaroundheretherearemoviehousesand

clubs,andallsortsofcoolplacestohangout.That's

theElectricBallroomdownthere…

Janet:What'sthat?

Andy:It'soneofthegreatclubsinLondon,allsorts

ofbandshaveplayedthere.

Janet:I'veneverbeentoaclub.Itmustbefun.

Andy:OK,areyoubusytonight?

Janet:Er,whydoyouask?

Andy:Maybewecouldgothere?Haveyouanyplans?

Janet:I'dloveto,butI'mafraidI…

Andy:OK,noproblem.Maybesomeothertime.

Part2

Janet:Peoplealwaysseemtobehavingfunin

London!CamdenMrketwasgreat!

Joe:Greatforshopping!

Andy:Well,therearelotsandlotsoffestivalsof

filmandmusic.Andtherearealsoquiteafewstreet

festivals,liktheNottingHillCarnival.

Janet:OK,andwhathappens?

Andy:I'11showyousomefootagefromlastyear.

NottingHillisadistrictofLondon,andithasa

largeWestIndiancommunity.SoatCarnival,thekidsand

adultsgoonaparadethroughthstreets,wearingthese

amazingcostumesanddancingtoHiveCaribbeanmusic.

Joe:Andthere'slotsofstreetfood,andmusicand

partiesgoingonalongtheCarnivalroute.Yes,itisgreat

fun.

Janet:AnddoeseveryoneinLondongotowatch?

Joe:Well,itattractsabouttwomillionpeopleayear.

Janet:Wow!Andwhendoesithappen?

Andy:IttakesplaceattheendofAugust,althoughthe

usualtimefoCarnivalfortherestoftheworldis

February.

Janet:WhatdoesCarnivalmean?

Joe:It'safestivalwhichtakesplaceinmany

Catholiccountries40daysbeforeEaster,afterwhich

everyoneismeanttoeatanddrinkonlymederately.And

theCarnivalinRiodeJaneiroinBrazilisprobablythe

best-known,buttherarealsocarnivalsinothercities.

Janet:ButthenwhyistheNottingHillCarnivalin

August?

Joe:Beacausefortherestoftheyear,thewhetheris

awful.Anyway,we'dbetterbegoingnow,Janet.

Janet:Oh,yes.

Andy:Gowhere?

Joe:IinvitedJanettoajazzconcertthisevening.It

startsinhalfanhour.

Janet:ByeAndy.Takecare!

Andy:ByeJanet,lookafteryourself.

Cross-culturalAwarenessHolidaysandCustoms

Thisweek,onCross-culturalAwarenes,Holidaysand

CustomsinAsiawemeetsomeinternationalstudentswho

areattendingschoolinCalifornia.Manystudentshere

areAsian.AsiancelebratealunarNewYear,sotheexact

datechangeseveryyear.NewYearisthebiggestholiday

inAsiacultures.Theholidayslastsfor15daysandends

withalanternfestivalonthefullmoon.Thiswomanused

toliveinVietnam.ShenowlivesinCalifornia./zwogoby

thelunarcalendarandso,urn,ourNewYearis

usuallyinthespringtime.Our,thecalendarherein

American,sowecelebrateitinFebruary-Marchish.That's

probablyoneofmyfavoriteVietnameseholidays〃Asians

usuallycelebratethisholidaybylightingoff

firecrackerstosendouttheoldyearandtowelcomethe

newyear.Theyusuallydon，twashtheirhaironNew

Year's.Washinghairwashesawaygoodluckforthecoming

year.ThiswomanusedtoliveinShanghai,China.She

remembersatraditionthatbringsgoodluckandwealthto

children.，z0nespecialcustomforChineseNewYear,isthat

parentsgivetheirchildrenredenvelopsofmoney"Redis

animportantcolorbecauseitmeanshappiness.People

useredpapertowritespecialmessagesofhappiness

likethisone“MaytheStarofHappiness,theStarof

Wealth,theStarofLongevityshineonyou!”Asiansobserve

manyspecialcustomsattheNewYear's.Theyspendseveral

daysbeforetheholidaycleaningthehousecompletelyand

decoratingthehousewithflowersand

plants.Flowerarrangementsoftenincludingpine

branches,bambooandblossoms.Bloomingflowersareplaced

aroundthehome.Flowersareimportantbecauseflowers

willturnintofriut.Friutswithspecialmeaningsare

servedduringNewYear，s.Orangesandtangerinessymbolize

happiness,coconutsrepresenttogethernessandlychee

nutsrepresentstrongfamilyrelationship.Otherfoods

havespecialmeaningstoo,Awholefishrepresents

togethernessandbambooshootsmeanhappinessto

everyone.Noodlesrepresentlonglife.Asiansdon，tcut

noodles,thisisconsideredunlucky.Tofuisonefoodthat

Asiansnevereatduringthisholidays.Tofuisunlucky

becauseitiswhite.InAsiancultures,thecolorwhite

signifiesdeath,MealsduringNewYear'sarevery

importantinAsia,But,therearespecialritualsand

customsduringmealtimesallyearlong.TheChineseare

gracioushosts.Forthemostpart,Chinesepeoplearevery

like,urn,they，reverygenerousliketheyalwaysinsist

onhostingandtheywouldneverservethemselvesfood

beforeotherpeople,like,ifyouaresittingata

table,they，ddivvyitout,urn,you'11alwayspourteafor

otherpeoplebeforeyourself."InsouthKorea,therearea

littledifferent.，zSouthKoreahasacustomofeating

togetherurnin,inafamilysettingwith,there，sa

basesoupandallthesesidedishesandthefamilyeats

together.Um,IthinkinAmericanyougetyourownplate

andyoukindofsharethedishesbut,urn,inKoreayou

kindofdigintogether“WeaskedtheseAsianstudents

ifthereareAmericancustomsthattheydonttlike

Ingeneral,AsianstudentsfeltthatAmericansdon，t

showenoughrespectfortheirelders.〃Itdoesbotherme

sometimesthewayIsee,urn,moreAmericankidsspeakto

their,um,howtheyaddresstheirtheirparentsinpublic

AndI,IreallyrespectthefactthatinVietnamwohold

itsohigh,um,theeldersandhowtheyoungergeneration

treatsthem。”Andthen,weaskedAsianstudentswhat

customstheylikehereintheUnitedStates,〃Ithinkthe

customofThanksgivingbecause,um,wedon'thavethatin

KoreaandThankgivingisagood,youknowgreatholiday,

togivethanksforyourfamilyandfrrendsandallyou

have.

ListeningIn

PartI

A:What，sthisyou'remakingjack,adummy?

C:It'scalledaguy.

B:Yeswe'refinishingitnow,we'vestuffedold

clotheswithnewspapers,haven，twejack?

C:Yesitisreallycool.

A:Butwhat'sitfor?Somekindsofgameforjack?

B:Kindof,it，sGuyFawkesnighttomorrow.Actually,

thepropernameisBonfireNight.

A:Oh,yeahthefireworkcelebration!So,you，re

makingaguyandit，sGuyFawkesNighttomorrow,Jack.

Whatareyougoingtodowiththisguy.

B:We，regoingtoputhimonthebonfireandburnhim.

Aren'tweJack?I'mgoingtohavelotsoffireworksand

eatsausagesandbakedpotatoesroundthebonfire.

C:Yesweare.Lotsofsausages.

A:Sowhat'sthestory?

B:Doyouwanttohearit?

A:Sure!

B:Well,sometimesrightatthestartofthe17th

century,Ithinksitwas1605,somethinglikethat.

WhenJamesFirstwasthekingofEngland,therewasa

plottoblowupParliament.

A:AplottoblowupParliament?Wow!Soundsvery

modern!

B:Itdoes,doesn，tit?Anyway,thisgroupofpeople

triedtoblowupParliamentwiththekingandallhis

familyandmostofthearistocracyinside.

A:Thatwasquiteaplan.

B:Yes,GuyFawkeswasoneoftheplotters,butwasn't

theleader.

A:Hewasn，t?

B:No.Ithinkhewasinvolvedbecauseheknewalot

oftheexplosives.Anyway,theseplotterhitthe

explosivesinthecellarbeneathParliament.AndFawkes,

GuyFawkes,wascaughtjustashewastryingtolightthe

explosives.

A:So,iftheking'smenhadarrivedafewminutes

later,Parliamentwouldhaveblownup?

B:No,becausetheking，smenhadalreadyfoundthe

explosivesandwerejustwaitingtocatchtheplotters,

whichtheydid.

A:Uh,whathappenedtotheplotters?

B:Theywerekilled.AndNovemberthe5th,whichwas

thedaytheywerecaughthasbeencelebratedeversince.

There'sagreatrhymeaboutit,isn，tit,Jack?Remember,

remember,canyousayit?

C:Remember,remember,thefifthofNovember.

Gunpowder,treasonandplot.Iseenoreason,why

gunpowdertreason.Shouldeverbeforgot.

B:Verygood!SoeveryNovember5lhpeoplestarted

buildingbonfiresandmakingdummiesofGuyFawkes.And

everyonelovesit,actually.It'sagreatexcusefora

fireworkdisplay.

Presenter:Well,we，veonlygot15hourstogoto

Christmas

andpeoplearefranticallyrushingaroundbuying

last-minuteChristmasprensent.Buthowdopeople

reallythinkaboutthesebigfestivals?Dowe

actually

enjoythem?Bella,you，repsychologist.Howdoyou

feelaboutChristmas?

Bella:Ihavemixedfeelingsaboutit.It's

basicallyareligousfestival,but

rmnotareligousperson.Soitdosen，thavethat

kind

ofmeaningtome.Andthesedays,Ithinkformany

people

it'sprimarilyareasonforfamiliestoget

together,eata

lotofgoodfoodandgiveeachotherpresents.

Presenter:That'sagoodenoughreason,isn'tit?

Bella:Oh,absolutely.It，sveryimportant

forfamiliestohavea

specialmealtogetherandforpeopletoshowtheir

love

eachother.Andchildrenloveit,theexcitementof

thinking

thatFatherChristmaswillcomedownthechimneyand

leavethempresents.Butatthesametime,Iworry

about

itscommercialization.

Presenter:Ted,you'reAmerican,a

jounalist.What，syourattitudeto

Thanksgiving?

Ted:Iloveit,andalmostallAmericans

doIthink.It'sAmerians，

favouriteholiday-takesplaceonthefourththursday

in

November.

Presenter:Soit'samoveablefeast?Ididn，t

knowthat.

Ted:Itis.Everyonecomeshomeandas

itsnamesuggests.It，s

atimetogivethanksforeverythingwehave.

Presenter:Whatdoyoueat?

Ted:Traditionally,weeatturkey,sweet

potatoesandpumpkin.It's

ahugemeal-inaway,thefestivalisthemeal.

Presenter:Isitascommercializedas

Christmas?

Ted:Probably.Butyouknowformany

people,it'saveryhappy

occasion.Andoneimportantthingwedoat

thanksgivingis

wecollectfoodforpeoplewhohaveverylittle.

Presenter:Admirable!Douglas,asaScot,what's

themostimportentfestival

oftheyearforyou?

Douglas:Hogmanay,ofcourse.

Presenter:It'sacyuallymoreimportantthan

Christmas?

Douglas:Now,that'sanEnglishperson

speaking.TmSotsandHogmanayis

themostimportantfestivaloftheyearforus.It's

onDecember31st.

Obviously,it，sNewYear'sEve.Butitcancontinue

untilthe2ndor3rd

ofJunaury.It，sabigpartyreally,anexcusetoeat

anddrinkIthink.But

it'saveryoldtradition.ChristmasandHogmanayare

bothexamples

ofwintersolsliticfestival—theshortestdayofthe

year.I'dimaginethat

everyculturehasalwayscelebrateditinsomeforms

orother.

Presenter:Ithinkmanyfestivalswere

originallyconnectedwithseasons.

Douglas:Absolutely!Forexample...

Uint9

OutsideView

TheRoyalFamilyarefarfromthetypiclBritish

family.Theydon'tliveinnormalhouses,theydon'thave

normalcars-andtheydon'thavenormaljobs.Another

thingisthattheyhardlyeverusetheirsurname.They

generallyrefertothemselvesbytheirroyaltitleand

theirfirstname-QueenElizabeth,PrinceCharles,Princess

Anne,orPrinceWilliamandPrinceHenry,forexample.

TheadditionallettersHRHareusedforprincesand

princessesandstandforhis(orher)RoyalHighness.The

QueenherselfisoftenreferredtoassimplyHer

Majesty.Historically,themondachydidn'thave

surnames.Theywerereferredtobythenamethedynasty

theyled,suchastheTudors,theStuartsortheHouseof

HanoverofwhichdynastyQueenVictoria,whodiedin

1901,wasthelastmonarch.

Thisconventionchangedin1917whenQueenElizabeth

the2IK1'sgrandfather,Goergethe5th,decidedthatheand

hisdescendartsshouldbearthesurnameWindsorandthe

dynastybecameknownastheHouseofWindsor.TheRoyal

FamilyhadGermanconnections-QueenVictoria'shusband

PrinceAlbertwasGerman-born,andsinceBritainand

Germanywereatwar,Goergethe5thdecidedtoadopta

britishsurname.InsteadoftheGermansounding

name,Saxe—Coburg—Gotha,hechosethenameWindsorafter

theirpopularfamilycastleofthatnamewhichis

situatedtothewesttoLondon.Sincethenallroyalshave

beengiventheofficialsurnameofWindsor,eventhoughit

israrelyusedbythemoranyoneelse.In1960,Queen

Elizabeththe2ndmodifiedthisdecisionbyaddingthe

surnameofherhusband,PrincePhilip,otherwiseknownas

LordMountbatten,totheroyalsurname.Allherchildren

weretotakethenameMountbatten-Windsor.

However,theBritishroyalsdon'tusedthisnamevery

ofteneither.TheQueen'seldestsonCharlse,asrecorded

inthemarriageregisterathisweddingtoLadyDiana

Spenser,washisRoyalHighnessprinceCharlesPhilip

ArthurGeorge,TheprinceofWales.

TheRoyalFamilyhasahistoryofusingthesame

babies'namesoverandoveragain.Ifyoulookbackover

theroyalfamilytree,youwillseetherehavebeeneight

kingsHenrys,fourkingscalledwilliam,andeightcalled

Edward.Therehaven'tbeenverymanyqueens,sowecan

onlycounttwoQueenElizabethsandoneQueen

Victoria.Otherpopularnamesforroyalinclude

Anne,Albert,JamesandGeorgewhichwassopopularthat

fourkingsinarowwerecalledGeorgebetween1714and

1830.AndthereweretwomorecrownedkingGeorgeinthe

20thcenturybetween1910to1952.That'snearly160years

ofkingGeorges!Andtheywereallnamedafterthepatron

saintofEngland.

Becausetheyareoftenusedforroyalty,thesenames

areseenasverytradictionalandareamongthemost

popularchildren'snamesinBritain.WilliamandHenry

forexample,regularlymakethelistoftoptenboys'

names.Butasthemake-upofsocietychangesandunusual

namesbecomemoreandmoretrendy,perhapswewillstart

toseeachangeinthenameschosenbyroyalsaswellas

intherestofthepeople.

Listeningin

Part1

OK,soalittletest.Coca-

Cola...Nike...ferrari.Think!WhatimagedidyougetasI

saidtheseveryfamousbrandnames?Waitamoment.There,s

norealneedtoanswer,isthere,becauseweknow,moreor

less,don,twe?Coca-Cola一thatdeliciousfizzydrink,ice

cold,onasummer'sday.Nike,runningshoesfor

strong,beautifulbodies.Ferrari一anattractive,powerful

carforattractive,powerfulpeople.Thefact,thenames,

thebrandnamessayitall.what'sinabrand

name?Ideally,everything!Everythingthemanufacturerwants

youtothinkofwhenyouhearthename,that?scertainly

whatbothcustomers'exeprienceandresearchtells

us.it'sthereasonswhymanufacturersattachsuch

importancetochoosingtherightnamefortheirproducts.

Let'shavealookatsomeofthequalitiesagood

brandnameshouldhave.Firstly,itshouldbesimpleand

easytoremember.ImagineifCoca-Colahadbeennamd

“Cocafantaslicola”.It'sjusttoolong!Or,takeother

name一starbucks,thenameofafamouscoffee

shop,now,that?saneasynametoremember,starbucks.

Secondpoint,thebrandnameshouldbe

different,unique,somethingyoucan'tconfusewith

anythingelse.LikeCoca-Cola.Or一let'stakeanother

famousbrandname一Microsoft.Itcombinestwo

words,micro,meaningverysmall,andthewordsoft.Two

wordsthattogether