2024届陕西省百师联盟三模英语试题（含答案解析）

2024届高三开年摸底联考全国卷英语试题注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。考试时间为120分钟，满分150分第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)请听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdidthemanhaveforlunchtoday?A.Chicken.B.Beef.C.Fish.2.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Runningabookshop.B.Buyingabook.C.UsingtheInternet.3.Wherearethespeakersnow?A.Atanairport.B.Inarailwaystation.C.Onaflight.4.Whowillposttheletterprobably?A.Mary.B.Tom.C.Jack.5.Whatwillthemandotomorrow?A.Shopforclothes.B.Takeatrip.C.Attendafestival.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)请听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。请听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatisthemainindustryinthewoman’shometownnow?A.Fishing.B.Sheepfarming.C.Potatogrowing.7.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman’shometown?A.It’srecommendedfortravelling.B.It’saplacewithpleasantweather.C.It’snotagoodplacetomakealiving.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8.Howmanyfriendsdoesthemanwanttoinvitetotheparty?A.25.B.14.C.13.9.WhatdoweknowaboutMatt?A.Hesuggeststheideaoftheparty.B.Hewillhelpwiththeman’sparty.C.Hehadabigbirthdaypartylastyear.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.WhatwilltouristsdoinKentontomorrow?A.Visitamarket.B.Exploreacastle.C.Touramuseum.11.Wherewillthetourstarttomorrow?A.InGoughStreet.B.InSaxonStreet.C.InParkStreet.12.Howmuchwillthewomanpayforherticket?A.£15.B.£17.C.£19.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Howdoesthewomandealwithheroldclothes?A.Bythrowingthemaswaste.B.Bydonatingthemtoacharity.C.Byputtingthemintotherecyclingbox.14.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Helikestobuybigfurniture.B.Heoftenbuyssecond-handfurniture.C.Hissofahasbeenchangedthreetimes.15.WhydidthewomanbuyanewTV?A.Thepreviousonewasoutofdate.B.Thepreviousonewasdamagedbythelightening.C.Thepreviousonewasdestroyedbyherchildren.16.Howdoesthemansoundintheend?A.Surprised.B.Annoyed.C.Satisfied.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WhoisValkyrienamedafter?A.Afemaleastronaut.B.Amoviecharacter.C.Afigurefromamythology.18.Whatwillastronautsdoifhuman-likerobotsareusedinspace?A.Cleansolarpanels.B.Focusonexploration.C.Checkequipmentoutsidethespacecraft.19.WhatisApptronik?A.Aroboticscompany.B.Ahuman-likerobot.C.Aspacecenter.20.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?A.NASAisdevelopingsoftwareforValkyrie.B.NASAaimstoputrobotsinspace.C.NASAreleasesanewresearchreport.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ASummerBadmintonCampOurannualbadmintoncampsarebackthisJuneholidays!Comeandjoinusforsomefunandaction!AllcampswillbeheldattheChestnutSportsHall.Thereareatotalof4fun-filledcampslinedupforthisamazingholiday.Theaimistoallowthemtounderstandandlifttheirgametothenextlevelorjustforrecreation,atthesametimeaddingfunelementsintrainingtobuildastronginterestinthesport.CampsAvailableBeginner:Forthosewhowanttolearnbasicbadmintonskills.Date:12to14June2024Time:9a.m.to12p.m.Fees:$80Ages:5-8yearsoldonlyIntermediate:Forthosewhoknowthebasicsofplayingbadmintonandwanttoimprovetheirskillsfurther.Date:15to17June2024Time:9a.m.to12p.m.Fees:$100Ages:7-12yearsoldonlyAdvanced:Forthosewhowanttotakeupbadmintonasacompetitivesport.Date:19to21June2024Time:9a.m.to1p.m.Fees:$150Ages:11-12yearsoldonlyRecreation:Forthosewhowanttomakenewfriendswhilestayingactive.Date:12to14June2024Time:3p.m.to7p.m.Fees:$60Ages:13-16yearsoldonlyCampHighlightGuestSpeakerBadmintonworldchampion,AdrianGoh,willaddresstheparticipantsatthestartofeachcamp.Hewillshareinvaluabletipsandhisexperienceofplayingbadmintoncompetitively.SpecialCampPresentAllparticipantswillreceiveoursummerbadmintoncampsweaterandwaterbottle.EarlyBirdSpecialFirst20participantstoregisterwillbegivenapairofYinexbadmintonbats.Formoreinformation,callMr.Tanat67892111orvisitourwebsiteatwww.sbssummercamps.com1.Whichshouldyousignupforifyouwanttobecomeanationalbadmintonplayer?A.Thebeginnercamp. B.Theadvancedcamp.C.Theintermediatecamp. D.Therecreationcamp.2.WhoisAdrianGoh?A.Asummerbadmintoncamper. B.Thebadmintoncamporganizer.C.Abadmintonworldchampion. D.Asponsorforthesummercamp.3.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Togiveawayfreebadmintonbats.B.Topromotethespecialcampbottles.C.ToinvitepeopletoattendMr.Goh’stalk.D.Toencouragepeopletosignupforthecamps.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【导语】本文为一篇应用文。介绍了四个充满乐趣的羽毛球营地，并提供了羽毛球夏令营的相关信息。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据文章“Advanced:Forthosewhowanttotakeupbadmintonasacompetitivesport.(高级：适合那些想把羽毛球作为竞技运动的人)”可知，如果你想成为一名国家羽毛球运动员，可以参加“高级营地”。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据GuestSpeaker部分“Badmintonworldchampion,AdrianGoh,willaddresstheparticipantsatthestartofeachcamp.(羽毛球世界冠军AdrianGoh将在每个训练营开始时向参加者致辞)”可知，AdrianGoh是羽毛球世界冠军。故选C项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“OurannualbadmintoncampsarebackthisJuneholidays!Comeandjoinusforsomefunandaction!(今年六月假期，一年一度的羽毛球夏令营又回来了！快来和我们一起玩吧！)”及最后EarlyBirdSpecial部分“Formoreinformation,callMr.Tanat67892111orvisitourwebsiteatwww.sbssummercamps.com(欲了解更多信息，请致电67892111或访问我们的网站www.sbssummercamps.com)”可知，本文是为了鼓励人们报名参加夏令营活动。故选D项。BCatherineKrestynfurnished(布置家具)herhomemainlywithhardrubbish,suchasthechairs,doorsandlamps,whichhavebeencollectedfromthestreetwhereshelives.Andit’sawayoflifeshe’ssharingwithhercommunityinthehopeofmakingadifference.Catherineleadsa6,000-strongonlinegroupcalledBoroondaraHardRubbishRehome,wheremembersuploadpicturesoftheirhardrubbishpilesforeagerlocalstofind.Shestartedthegroupin2022withherchildhoodfriendJennieIrving,hopingtobuildacommunityofthrift(节俭)wheretheylived.Thepairhavestoppedmorethan7,000kgofhardrubbishgoingtolandfillsincetheyfoundedthegroup.Someitemsarereadyastheyare,likechairsandlamps,andotherstakeabitofefforttocleanup,liketheold,woodendoors.LocalteacherRuthPolgardiscoveredthegroupwhilesurfingtheInternetandhassincedecoratedherclassroomwithsecond-handitems,includingartworkshehasrehomedfromaneighbour.“Weregularlytakeunneededitemsfromthegroupandusethemforourschoolprojects,”shesays.RunningthegroupcanbereallychallengingforCatherine.Butshedoesn’tresentthosewhohavetoletgooftheirpossessionsbecauseofstressfulcircumstances.“Ifyou’redownsizingorifyou’reclearinganoldhouse,quiteoftenyou’redesperateforaccesstoeasyoptions,”shesays.“Hardrubbishpilesareoftenthatoption.”AllCatherinewantstodoisgivehercommunityawaytoreducetheirwaste,andtosendamessagetothoseinchargethatthingsneedtourgentlychange.“Thegovernmenthasbigtargetsaroundsustainabledevelopmentleadinginto2030.Wewanttostartspeedingthatupevensooner,”shesays.“We’resufferingfromourownwastereally,soanythingthatwecanalldoonapracticallevelhelps.Weshouldfirstmakelifestylechoicesandbepreparedtogosecond-hand.”4.WhydidCatherinesetupBoroondaraHardRubbishRehome?A.Tocreateacommunityofthrift. B.Todonatehercollectiontocharity.C.Tocollecthardrubbishforlocals. D.Todecoratethehousesforthehomeless.5.WhatcanweinferaboutRuthPolgar?A.Shepreferssecond-handitems. B.ShebuysitemsontheInternet.C.ShesupportsCatherine’scause. D.Sheteachesartatalocalschool.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“resent”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Feelangryabout. B.Feelpleasedwith.C.Showsympathyfor. D.Showinterestin.7.WhatdoesCatherineadvocateinthelastparagraph?A.Settingourselvesabiggoal. B.Givingthrowawaysasecondlife.C.Meetingthegovernment’srequirements. D.Replacingoldfurnitureregularly.【答案】4.A5.C6.A7.B【解析】【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了CatherineKrestyn领导着一个由6000人组成的名为Boroondara硬垃圾回收之家的网络组织，成员们上传他们的硬垃圾堆的照片，供热心的当地人寻找进行废物利用。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Shestartedthegroupin2022withherchildhoodfriendJennieIrving,hopingtobuildacommunityofthrift(节俭)wheretheylived.Thepairhavestoppedmorethan7,000kgofhardrubbishgoingtolandfillsincetheyfoundedthegroup.(2022年，她和儿时的朋友珍妮·欧文(JennieIrving)创立了这个组织，希望在他们居住的地方建立一个节俭社区。自成立该组织以来，这对伙伴已经阻止了7000多公斤的硬垃圾进入垃圾填埋场)”可知，Catherine成立Boroondara硬垃圾回收之家是为了创建一个节俭的社区。故选A项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“LocalteacherRuthPolgardiscoveredthegroupwhilesurfingtheInternetandhassincedecoratedherclassroomwithsecond-handitems,includingartworkshehasrehomedfromaneighbour.“Weregularlytakeunneededitemsfromthegroupandusethemforourschoolprojects,”shesays.(地教师露丝·波尔加在上网时发现了这群人，然后用二手物品装饰了她的教室，包括她从邻居那里搬来的艺术品。她说:‘我们经常把不需要的东西从小组里拿出来，用在我们的学校项目上。’)”可推知，RuthPolgar从网上知道了这个小组后，就开始利用二手物品装饰教室，可以看出她支持Catherine的事业。故选C项。【6题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词前文“RunningthegroupcanbereallychallengingforCatherine.(管理这个小组对凯瑟琳来说真的很有挑战性)”可知Catherine管理这个团队很有挑战，结合划线词所在句“Butshedoesn’t

resent

thosewhohavetoletgooftheirpossessionsbecauseofstressfulcircumstances.(但她并不resent那些因为压力而不得不放弃财产的人。)”中的“but”以及后文““Ifyou’redownsizingorifyou’reclearinganoldhouse,quiteoftenyou’redesperateforaccesstoeasyoptions,”shesays.“Hardrubbishpilesareoftenthatoption.”(‘如果你正在缩小规模，或者正在清理旧房子，你通常会迫切希望有更便捷的选择。’她说：‘硬垃圾堆通常是一个选择。’)”可知，尽管管理自己的硬垃圾回收之家很有挑战，但是Catherine理解那些因为压力而不得不放弃财产扔掉物品的人们；“shedoesn’t

resent

thosewhohavetoletgooftheirpossessions”指的是“她并不对那些因为压力而不得不放弃财产的人感到气愤”，resent意为“感到气愤”，与Feelangryabout意思一致。故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“We’resufferingfromourownwastereally,soanythingthatwecanalldoonapracticallevelhelps.Weshouldfirstmakelifestylechoicesandbepreparedtogosecond-hand.(我们真的在因为自己的浪费而受苦，所以我们在实际层面上所能做的任何事情都会有所帮助。我们应该首先做出生活方式的选择，并做好购买二手商品的准备)”可推知，Catherine在最后一段提倡回收利用物品，给予废物第二次生命。故选B项。CScientistshavebeenexperimentingwithplayingsoundstoplantssinceatleastthe1960s,duringwhichtimetheyhavebeenexposedtoeverythingfromBeethoventoMichaelJackson.Overtheyears,evidencethatthissortofthingcanhaveaneffecthasbeengrowing.Onepaper,publishedin2018,claimedthatanAsianshrubknownasthetelegraphplantgrewsubstantiallylargerleaveswhenexposedto56daysofBuddhistmusic—butnotifitwasexposedtoWesternpopmusicorsilence.Another,publishedlastyear,foundthatmarigoldsandsageplantsexposedtothenoiseoftrafficfromabusymotorwaysufferedgrowthdifficulty.Plantshavebeenevolving(进化)alongsidetheinsectsthateatthemforhundredsofmillionsofyears.Withthatinmind,HeidiAppel,abotanistnowattheUniversityofHouston,andReginaldCocroft,abiologistattheUniversityofMissouri,wonderedifplantsmightbesensitivetothesoundsmadebytheanimalswithwhichtheymostofteninteract.Theyrecordedthevibrationsmadebycertainspeciesofcaterpillars(毛毛虫)astheychewedonleaves.Thesevibrationsarenotpowerfulenoughtoproducesoundwavesintheair.Buttheyareabletotravelacrossleavesandbranches,andeventoneighbouringplantsiftheirleavestouch.Theythenexposedtobaccoplant—theplantbiologist’sversionofthelaboratorymouse—totherecordedvibrationswhilenocaterpillarswereactuallypresent.Later,theyputrealcaterpillarsontheplantstoseeifexposurehadledthemtoprepareforaninsectattack.Theresultswerestriking.Leavesthathadbeenexposedhadsignificantlyhigherlevelsofdefensivechemicals,makingthemmuchharderforthecaterpillarstoeat.Leavesthathadnotbeenexposedtovibrationsshowednosuchresponse.Othersortsofvibration—causedbythewind,forinstance,orotherinsectsthatdonoteatleaves—hadnoeffect.“Nowspeakerswiththerightaudiofilesaremoreoftenbeingusedtowarncropstoactwheninsectsaredetectedbutnotyetwidespread,”saysDr.Cocroft.“Unlikechemicalpesticides,soundwavesleavenodangerouschemicals.”8.Whatcanwelearnaboutplantsfromthefirstparagraph?A.TheymayenjoyWesternmusic. B.Theycan’tstandBuddhistmusic.C.Theycanreacttodifferentsounds. D.Theycanmakedifferentsounds.9.What’sthebasisforAppelandCocroft’sresearch?A.Plantscanmakeacryforhelp. B.Plantsevolvealongsideinsects.C.Plantsaresensitivetothesounds. D.Plantshavebeenstudiedforyears.10.WhatcanweinferaboutplantsfromParagraph3?A.Theycanrecongnizeharmfulvibrations. B.Theylooklikelaboratorymice.C.Theycanthreatenthecaterpillars. D.Theycanreleasepoisonouschemicals.11.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Disadvantagesofchemicalpesticides. B.Applicationoftheexperimentalresults.CInteractionbetweenplantsandinsects. D.Warningsystemofwidespreadinsects.【答案】8.C9.B10.A11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们对植物对声音的感知和反应一直在进行研究，近期的研究显示植物可以对不同的声音做出反应，识别出有害的振动，产生更高水平的防御性化学物质。基于该研究结果，科学家们认为声波可以作为一种无污染的替代方法来保护农作物免受昆虫的侵袭。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Onepaper,publishedin2018,claimedthatanAsianshrubknownasthetelegraphplantgrewsubstantiallylargerleaveswhenexposedto56daysofBuddhistmusic—butnotifitwasexposedtoWesternpopmusicorsilence.Another,publishedlastyear,foundthatmarigoldsandsageplantsexposedtothenoiseoftrafficfromabusymotorwaysufferedgrowthdifficulty.(2018年发表的一篇论文声称，一种被称为舞草的亚洲灌木在暴露在56天的佛教音乐中时，叶子长得更大，但如果暴露于西方流行音乐或寂静中，叶子就不会长大。去年发表的另一项研究发现，金盏花和鼠尾草暴露在繁忙的高速公路上的交通噪音中，生长困难)”可知，暴露在不同声音环境中的植物生长情况不同，它们会对不同的声音做出反应。故选C项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Plantshavebeenevolving(进化)alongsidetheinsectsthateatthemforhundredsofmillionsofyears.Withthatinmind,HeidiAppel,abotanistnowattheUniversityofHouston,andReginaldCocroft,abiologistattheUniversityofMissouri,wonderedifplantsmightbesensitivetothesoundsmadebytheanimalswithwhichtheymostofteninteract.(几亿年来，植物一直与以它们为食的昆虫一起进化。考虑到这一点，休斯敦大学的植物学家HeidiAppel和密苏里大学的生物学家ReginaldCocroft想知道，植物是否可能对它们最常接触的动物发出的声音敏感)”可知，Appel和Cocroft的研究基础是植物在和昆虫一起进化。故选B项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Leavesthathadbeenexposedhadsignificantlyhigherlevelsofdefensivechemicals,makingthemmuchharderforthecaterpillarstoeat.Leavesthathadnotbeenexposedtovibrationsshowednosuchresponse.Othersortsofvibration—causedbythewind,forinstance,orotherinsectsthatdonoteatleaves—hadnoeffect.(暴露在外的叶子含有更高水平的防御性化学物质，这使得毛毛虫更难吃到它们。没有暴露在振动下的叶子没有这种反应。其他种类的振动——例如，由风或其他不吃树叶的昆虫引起的振动——没有影响)”可知，暴露在有害振动中的植物产生了更多防御性化学物质，没有被暴露或暴露在其他类型的振动中的植物则没有该反应。由此推知，植物能识别有害的振动。故选A项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段““Nowspeakerswiththerightaudiofilesaremoreoftenbeingusedtowarncropstoactwheninsectsaredetectedbutnotyetwidespread,”saysDr.Cocroft.“Unlikechemicalpesticides,soundwavesleavenodangerouschemicals.”(Cocroft博士说：“现在，有正确音频文件的扬声器更常被用来警告作物，当发现昆虫但尚未广泛传播时采取行动。与化学杀虫剂不同，声音不会留下危险的化学物质。”)”可知，本段主要介绍了该实验结果的应用情况，可以利用正确的声音提前警告作物，对刚开始传播的昆虫采取行动。故选B项。DAphysicalcheckupoftenbeginswithaseriesofquestions:Whatfoodsdoyoueat?Doyousmoke?Gettinganyexercise?Newresearchsuggestsanothertellingindicatorcouldbeaddedtothatlist:Whatwasyourcollegemajor?Thestudyfindsone’schosenfieldofcollegestudyisastatisticallysignificantpredictorofhealthinmidlife.Theresearchersfindthefourmajorsassociatedwiththebestmidlifehealtharearchitecture/engineering,biology/lifesciences,business,and—here’sasurprise—communications/journalism.Perhapschasingafterbigstorieskeepsusjournalistsinshape.Ithaslongbeenestablishedthatpeoplewithmoreeducationtendtobehealthier.Butdoesone’smajormatter?Tofindout,theresearchersanalyzeddatafromthenationallyrepresentativeAmericanCommunitySurvey.Theirsampleconsistedof3.7millionUnitedStates-bornadultsbetweentheagesof45and64—thetimeoflifewhenphysicalfunctioningproblemsstarttoappear.Participantsnotedwhethertheyhaddifficultywalkingorclimbingstairs,dressingorbathing.A“yes”answerinanyofthosecategoriesresultedinagradeofrelativelypoorhealth.Theresearchersfocusedonthe667,362participantswhoearnedabachelor’sdegree,butwentnofurtherintheireducation.Theynotedeachperson’scollegemajor,whichtheyplacedintooneof15categories.Theyfoundsubstantialdifferencesinhealthacrossmajors.Twomajorsareparticularlydisadvantagedinmidlife.Thechancesofpoorhealthare1.9timesgreateramongpsychology/socialworkandlaw/publicpolicymajorscomparedtobusinessmajors.Theresearchersarguethisislikelyduetoseveralfactors.Psychologymajorstendtosufferfromhighunemploymentandlowearnings.Law/publicpolicymajorsoftenenterthefieldoflawenforcement(执行).Theresearcherssaythattheyhavediscoveredassociations,notproofofcausality(因果关系).Buttheymakeaconvincingcasethatsomemajorsleadpeopletolivehealthierlifestylesthanothers.Theirfindingsmighteveninspireawarningcountrysong:Mammas,don’tletyourbabiesgrowuptobepsychologymajors.12.Whatcanbelearnedfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Smokingcanleadtopoorhealth. B.Dietismoreimportantthanexercise.C.Physicalcheckupskeepyouhealthy. D.Collegemajorchouldbeaddedtoacheckup.13.Howdoresearchersdrawtheirconclusions?A.Bydoingface-to-faceinterviews. B.Byfollowingparticipants’dailyroutines.C.Bydoingmedicalexaminations. D.Byanalyzingtherepresentativedata.14.Whichofthefollowingisagainstmidlifehealthaccordingtotheresearchers?A.Engineering. B.Business. C.Psychology. D.Agriculture.15.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Collegemajorscanpredictmidlifehealth.B.Moremajorsincollegecanimprovehealth.C.Theannualphysicalexamisnecessarytolife.D.Peoplewithmoreeducationtendtobehealthier.【答案】12.D13.D14.C15.A【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文，研究发现，一个人选择的大学专业可以预测中年健康状况。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Thestudyfindsone’schosenfieldofcollegestudyisastatisticallysignificantpredictorofhealthinmidlife.(研究发现，一个人选择的大学学习领域在统计上是中年健康状况的重要预测因素)”及第二段内容可推知，研究发现，由于大学专业可以预测中年健康状况，体检选项中应加入“大学专业”的选项。故选D项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Tofindout,theresearchersanalyzeddatafromthenationallyrepresentativeAmericanCommunitySurvey.(为了找到答案，研究人员分析了具有全国代表性的美国社区调查的数据)”可知，研究人员通过对代表性数据的分析得出结论。故选D项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“Twomajorsareparticularlydisadvantagedinmidlife.Thechancesofpoorhealthare1.9timesgreateramongpsychology/socialworkandlaw/publicpolicymajorscomparedtobusinessmajors.(有两个专业在中年尤为不利。心理/社会工作和法律/公共政策专业的学生健康状况不佳的几率是商科专业的1.9倍)”可知，根据研究人员的说法，心理学专业不利于中年健康。故选C项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Thestudyfindsone’schosenfieldofcollegestudyisastatisticallysignificantpredictorofhealthinmidlife.(研究发现，一个人选择的大学学习领域在统计上是中年健康状况的重要预测因素)”及全文内容可知，本文介绍了一个人选择的大学专业能预测中年健康状况，A选项“大学专业可以预测中年健康状况”适合最为本文最佳标题。故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文中的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。ThephilosophythatcanhelpyoukeepyourhomeorganizedHowcanwecleanupourspaceandkeepitthatway?That’saquestionthatStarHansenthinksalotabout.She’saprofessionalorganizerwhoteachesclassesonhomeorganizing.Shebelievesthatkeepingyourhomeneatandtidyisacontinualprocess.____16____.Herearehertidyingphilosophystrategiestocleanupyourmesses.UnderstandyourchaosHansensayseveryone’schaostellsapersonalstory.Whatbecomeschaosandwhereyourchaosbuildupcansayalotaboutwhat’sgoingonwithyou.Ifyouhaveunwantedpilesofstuffaroundyourhouse,askyourself:What’smakingithardtothrowthemaway?Forexample,auniformthathasn’tfitforyears.____17____.Whenyouunderstandthereasonsbehindyourchaos,it’saloteasiertoknowwhattokeepandwhattothrowaway.StartsmallWhenitcomestoorganizing,don’tbiteoffmorethanyoucanchew.Ifyoustartwithtoobigagoal,youmightgetdiscouragedifthejobtakestoolong.Sodon’ttrytocleanyourentiregarageinoneafternoon.____18____.Forexample,youcantidyyourcupboardfirstandsavemorecomplicateditems,likeyourgarage,forlast.Settingrealisticgoalscanhelpkeepyouinvestedintheprocess.____19____It’seasytobeorganizedthedayaftertidying.Butwhathappenswhenyoucomehomefromatripandaretootiredtounpackyourluggage?Orwhenyougetthefluandaretoosicktocleanup?Thekeytostayingorganizedistocreatepracticesthatcanbeeasilymaintained.Makeasystemthatworksforyouevenwhenyou’vegotacold.Forexample,labelstoragecontainersonallfoursidessothey’reeasiertospot.____20____.A.MakeiteasytostayorganizedB.AbandonthefancystorageboxesC.Instead,startwithsomethinglesschallengingD.MaybeitrevealsalongingforyourformerprofessionE.Thatattitudecanhelpyouletgoofthingsyoudon’tneedF.YouhavetotakethetimetocreatesystemsthatworkforyouG.Makesureyourmostuseditemsarealwaystheeasiesttoreach【答案】16.E17.D18.C19.A20.G【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了可以帮助你保持家里井井有条的哲学策略。【16题详解】前文“Shebelievesthatkeepingyourhomeneatandtidyisacontinualprocess.(她认为保持家里整洁是一个持续的过程)”及后文“Herearehertidyingphilosophystrategiestocleanupyourmesses.(下面是她整理杂物的哲学策略)”可知，E选项“这种态度可以帮助你放下你不需要的东西”表明前面引出的家庭整理的好处，且Thatattitude与前一句内容呼应。故选E项。【17题详解】前文“Ifyouhaveunwantedpilesofstuffaroundyourhouse,askyourself:What’smakingithardtothrowthemaway?Forexample,auniformthathasn’tfitforyears.(如果你家里有一堆不想要的东西，问问自己：是什么让你很难把它们扔掉？例如，一件好几年都不合身的制服)”可知，要搞清楚为什么自己难以扔掉不需要的东西，D选项“也许它揭示了你对以前职业的渴望”为前一个例子的具体原因，it指代前文的uniform。故选D项。【18题详解】前文“Ifyoustartwithtoobigagoal,youmightgetdiscouragedifthejobtakestoolong.Sodon’ttrytocleanyourentiregarageinoneafternoon.(如果你一开始就设定了一个太大的目标，你可能会因为工作耗时太长而灰心丧气。所以，不要试图在一个下午内清理你的整个车库)”表明目标不应该太大，后文为具体的整理的步骤，C选项“相反，从一些不那么具有挑战性的事情开始”与前文正好相反，且引出下文，表示从简单的开始，将难的放在最后。故选C项。【19题详解】后文“Thekeytostayingorganizedistocreatepracticesthatcanbeeasilymaintained.Makeasystemthatworksforyouevenwhenyou’vegotacold.(保持有条理的关键是创建易于维护的实践。建立一个即使你感冒了也能正常工作的系统)”表明本段的主旨是应该使有条理更简易，A选项“让保持有条理更容易”适合作为本段标题。故选A项。【20题详解】前文“Forexample,labelstoragecontainersonallfoursidessothey’reeasiertospot.(例如，在存储容器的四面都贴上标签，这样更容易发现)”表明要让整理得物品变得更容易发现和获得，G选项“确保你最常用的物品总是最容易拿到的”与前文意思一致，符合语境。故选G项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。InJan.2020,TeresaHernandezwas35weekspregnant.Onemorning,shehadastrange____21____—thebabywasn’tmovingasitusuallydid.Shedecidedtogotothehospitalto____22____everythingwasOK.Whenshegotthere,shelearnedthatthebaby’sheartratewas____23____.Thedoctorstoldherthatherbabyneededtobedelivered____24____byanoperation.Hearingthat,Hernandezwasincomplete____25____.Afterall,thebabywastoolittle.Butthedoctorssaidifthebabywas____26____,theywouldn’tbeabletohelpifsomethingwentwrong.Hernandezwas____27____totheoperatingroom.Ontheway,shesufferedfromgreat____28____.Shestartedtocryandhavetroublebreathing,andsheknewshewashavinga____29____attack.That’swhenanurseintheoperatingroom_____30_____tohelp.“Thisnurseshetookmyhandandstartedpressingwith_____31_____.Andthenshe_____32_____mewhiletheyweredoingtheoperation.Andthenshe_____33_____onehandonmycheek.Andshestartedhumming,”Hernandez_____34_____.“Ifeltlikemymomwasthere,holdingme.”_____35_____herhusband,Hernandezhadnofamilywithher.Butthenurse’sactofwarmthbroughther_____36_____.Itfeltlikehermom_____37_____herinthehospital.“Whenyourmomisthere,youfeel_____38_____.Youfeellikeyoucandoit.Youfeellikeeverythingisgoingtobe_____39_____.Andthat’swhatIfeltwithher,”Hernandezsaid.“I’mreally,really_____40_____forwhatshedidthatdayforme.”21.A.dream B.idea C.feeling D.decision22.A.promise B.ensure C.agree D.argue23.A.declining B.happening. C.appearing D.starting24.A.immediately B.gradually C.extremely D.formally25.A.comfort B.control C.excitement D.shock26.A.nearby B.inside C.outside D.around27.A.invited B.introduced C.rushed D.recommerded28.A.anxiety B.hesitation C.difficulty D.burden29.A.heart B.surprise C.pleasure D.panic30.A.steppeddown B.turnedout C.steppedin D.droppedby31.A.surprise B.sympathy C.dignity D.confusion32.A.admired B.called C.showed D.held33.A.placed B.grasped C.skipped D.covered34.A.concluded B.reported C.reminded D.recalled35.A.Dueto B.Insteadof C.Apartfrom D.Asfor36.A.pride B.relief C.duty D.concern37.A.expected B.remembered C.accompanied D.arranged38.A.protected B.affected C.educated D.respected39.A.exact B.right C.plain D.crazy40.A.desperate B.suitable C.ready D.grateful【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.A25.D26.B27.C28.A29.D30.C31.B32.D33.A34.D35.C36.B37.C38.A39.B40.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了怀孕35周的TeresaHernandez因胎儿情况不理想，需要立即动手术分娩，她感到害怕忧虑，在手术室一位护士如母亲般的帮助与呵护下，她度过了这段艰难的经历。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天早上，她有一种奇怪的感觉——孩子不像往常那样动了。A.dream梦想；B.idea想法；C.feeling感觉；D.decision决定。根据上文“InJan.2020,TeresaHernandezwas35weekspregnant.”以及空后“thebabywasn’tmovingasitusuallydid”可知，怀孕35周的TeresaHernandez感觉到孩子不像往常那样动了。故选C。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她决定去医院以确保一切都好。A.promise承诺；B.ensure确保；C.agree同意；D.argue争论。根据空前“thebabywasn’tmovingasitusuallydid”可知，Teresa感觉到孩子不像往常那样动了，决定去医院确保孩子一切都好。故选B。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她到达那里时，她得知婴儿的心率正在下降。A.declining减少，下降；B.happening发生；C.appearing出现；D.starting开始。根据上文“thebabywasn’tmovingasitusuallydid”以及下文“Thedoctorstoldherthatherbabyneededtobedelivered____4____byanoperation.”可知，胎儿心率正在下降，需要立即通过手术分娩。故选A。【24题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：医生告诉她，她的孩子需要立即通过手术分娩。A.immediately立即；B.gradually逐渐地；C.extremely极其，非常；D.formally正式地。根据前文“thebaby’sheartratewas____3____”以及下文“Hernandezwas____7____totheoperatingroom.”可知，胎儿心率正在下降，情况危急，所以需要立即通过手术分娩。故选A。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：听到这些，Hernandez完全震惊了。A.comfort舒服；B.control控制；C.excitement激动；D.shock震惊。根据上文“InJan.2020,TeresaHernandezwas35weekspregnant.”以及下文“Afterall,thebabywastoolittl