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高考英语复习系列知识
很多同学看了很多语法书,可是觉得自己做题的时候,自己对语法掌握得还不是很好.
当然原因很多.其一就是很多同学在研究语法(这是语法学家做的事情),比如哪些词可以做
主语,背得很熟,可是做题时却用不上.其二就是基本的语法规则没有掌握本站将推出高
考语法复习专题,从高考的角度来讲语法希望对有需要的同学有帮助.
特色:推出一句话语法.一句话语法为语法之精要,在此基础上扩展就可以形成语法体系.
语法复习一:句子成分;简单句、并列句和复合句
一、句子成分
(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要
成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(-)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句
(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、
代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。一句话语法:主语由名
词性的词来充当.例如:
Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名词)
WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代词)
One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.(数词)
Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)
Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(动名词)
Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名词化的形容词)
WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主语从句)
Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)
(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放
在主语之后。一句话语法:谓语由动词充当.有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要
么乱用be动词,要么句子没有谓语动词.谓语的构成如下:
1、简单谓语:山「■个动词或动词短语构成。如:Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.
2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。注意:这里面的动词原形非
常重要,如:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.(2)由系动词加
表语构成。如:Wearestudents.
(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,
get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、
动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。一句话语法:表语使用形容词,不用副词!例如:
OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名词)
Isityours?(代词)
Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容词)
Thespeechisexciting.(分词)
Threetimessevenistwentyone?(数词)
HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)
Hishobby(爱好)isplayingfootball.(动名词)
Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介词短语)
Timeisup.Theclassisover.(副词)注意:副词可以做表语的只有几个,非常简单,考试不考,
所以上面说:表语使用形容词,不用副词!我们所复习的语法直接针对高考,不是搞语法研究,
这点请大家一定要记住.
Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表语从句)
(五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。一句话语法:
宾语山名词性的词充当,宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构,这点
非常重要,务必要牢记.例如:
Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)
Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.(代词)
Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(数词)
Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名词化形容词)
Hepretendednottoseeme.(不定式短语)
Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(动名词短语)
Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(宾语从句)
宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.如果
同学搞不清楚什么是双宾语,记卜卜.面这个句子:givemeabook.一人一物做宾语就是双宾语.
说得白一点,双就是两个的意思.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:Theyelectedhimtheir
monitor.
(六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有•个直接宾语以外,还要有•个宾语补语,
才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+
宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。一句话语法:
宾语补足语使用形容词,不用副词.例如:
HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名词)
Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容词)
Letthefreshairin.(副词)
Youmustn'tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短语)
Wesawherenteringtheroom.(现在分词)
Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介词短语)
Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(从句)
(七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。•句话语法:定语使用形容词定
语可由以下等成分表示:
Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容词)
Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分词)
Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.(名词)
HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussuiprised.(代词)
Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短语)
Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(动名词)
HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介词短语)
(八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子(这个就叫状语,一句话语法:状语用副词,
不用形容词),说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可山以下形式表示:
Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副词及副词性词组)
Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介词短语)
Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(不定式短语)
Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分词短语)
Waitaminute.(名词)
Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(状语从句)
状语种类如下:
Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?(时间状语)(表示时间就是时间状语,那表示原因的呢?对
喽,就是原因状语)
Lastnightshedidn'tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.(原因状语)
Ishallgothereifitdoesn'train.(条件状语)
MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.(地点状语)
Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式状语)
Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.(伴随状语)
Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.(目的状语)
Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(结果状语)
Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.(让步状语)
Iamtallerthanheis.(比较状语)
练习一
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:
1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.
2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.
3.1shallansweryourquestionafterclass.
4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!
5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.
6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.
7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.
8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.
9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.
10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.
11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.
12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.
13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.
14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?
15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.
16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?
17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.
18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.
19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.
20.Theapplestastedsweet.
二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语(一)、谓语(=)、宾语(〜):
Ihopeyouareverywell.Fmfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandFmhelping
myDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,so
everydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsof
ourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrow
wheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwo
menworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthe
vegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthe
vegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelsto
differentpartsofthegarden.
三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语(一)、状语(=)、补语(〜):
MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusvery
happy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat-toomuch
inmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.
InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.Therearefivedifferenttime
areasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.Howmanydifferent
timeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybest
regardstoyourparents.
四、选择填空:
()1.____willleaveforBeijing.
A.NowtherethemanB.Themanherenow
C.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow
()2.Theweather____.
A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcold
C.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold
()3.Theappletasted.
A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet
()4.Hegotupyesterdaymorning.
A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter
()5.Theactorattheageof70.
A.deadB.diedC.dyedD.(leaded
()6.wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.
A.We,usB.Us,weC.We,ourD.We,we
()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch.
A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly
()8.1thinknecessarytolearnEnglishwell.
A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis
()9.Thedog____mad.
A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked
()10.1willneverforgetthedayIjoinedthearmy.
A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where
前三题做不做都可以第四题答案:l・5CBDBB6-10ACBAB
大家重点做一下第四题,有些题目比较难(当然是相对于我们刚复习的语法而言,比如第•题
是定语从句,这个我们还没有复习到,所以做不好也是正常的),做完题之后,回过头来再看一下
一句话语法是不是很有用.
语法复习一:句子成分;简单句、并列句和复合句
二、简单句、并列句和复合句
(-)句子种类两种分类法
1、按句子的用途可分四种:
1)陈述句(肯定、否定):Heissixyearsold;Shedidn'thearofyoubefore.
特点:用句号结束一个句子
2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意):Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorseven
yearsold?Marycanswim,can'tshe?
疑问句就是问句
3)祈使句:Becareful,boys;Don'ttalkinclass
祈使句:表示命令或者请求.和有没有主语没有关系
4)感叹句:Howclevertheboyis!
还有一个结构是用Iwhat.how后面加上的是形容词副词.what后面加上的是名词.
2、按句子的结构可分三种:
1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。
e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.
TomandMikeareAmericanboys.
Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.
2)并列句:由并列连词(and,but,or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的筒单句连在一起
构成。
要注意哟,逗号是不可以连接句子的,这一点和汉语不同.
e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.
Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。
3)复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语
从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。
有主句和从句构成,在一个句子前面加上连词(当然不是and,but,or了),这个句子就是从句了.
e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.
(二)简单句的五种基本句型
1、主语+系动词+表语:e.g.Heisastudent.
2>主语+不及物动词:e.g.Wework.
3、主语+及物动词+宾语:e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.
4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语):
e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.
5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补):e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.
注:其他各种句子都可山这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。
这是非常重要的,不需要理解,背下来吧
(三)并列句的分类
1、表示连接两个同等概念,常用and,notonly-butalso---,neither,--nor,then等连接。e.g.
TheteacherJsnameisSmith,andthestudentrsnameisJohn.
2、表示选择,常用的连词有or,either…or…,otherwise等。e.g.Hurryup,oryou*11missthetrain.
3、表示转折,常用的连词有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。e.g.Hewasalittlemanwith
thickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.
4、表示因果关系,常用的连词有so,for,therefore等。e.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforrive
harvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.
这里大家记住这些连词就够用了.如果一下子记不住这么多,就记一个两个,记住有的时候不
要和自己较劲
(四)高考考点探讨
1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多,但是
在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解,在书面表达中,没有最基本的遣词造句的能力
是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。
2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合
于一体来考查。一个题目,几个考点,是近几年命题的发展趋势。
3、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如:and,but,
or,while,以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。
4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在•起,以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显,
时间从句与条件从句中,如果主句是将来时,从句则用一般式表将来,这一点在高考中经常
考查。
如:Wewillgooutingifitdoesn'traintomorrow«
练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句
一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句:
1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.
2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.
3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn'tthere?
4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenin
theevening.
5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.
6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.
7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.
8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn'tit?
9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.
10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.
二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句:
Ihopeyouareverywell().Fmfine,buttired().RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'm
helpingmyDadonthefarm().Augustisthehottestmonthhere().Itisthetimeofyearfor
thericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.()Sometimeswegoonworkingafter
darkbythelightsofourtractors().WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorth
whereitiscoldertheygrowwheat().Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm().Althoughthe
farmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim().Butheemploysmoremenforthe
harvest().Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden().Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummer
here().Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden().Everyeveningwepumpwater
fromawell().Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden().
MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime().Thesepartiesoftenmakeusvery
happy().Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside().It'sgreat()!Americanseatalotofmeat
—toomuchinmyopinion().Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer().1don't,becauseIhaveto
drivehomeaftertheparty().Inyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasofthe
States().TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates().Inmystatewearefourteenhours
behindBeijingtime().HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina()?Well,Imust
stopandgetsomesleep().Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents().
三、选择填空:重点做
1.GivemeonemoreminuteFilbeabletofinishit.
A.andB.orC.ifD.so
2.It'sthethirdtimethatJohnhasbeenlate,?
A.hasn'theB.isn'theC.isn'titD.hasn'tit
3.joyfulhewastomeethisbrotheragain!
A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Whatan
4.Letuspass,?
A.shan'tweB.shallweC.won'tweD.willyou
5.1supposehe'sserious,___?
A.doIB.don'tIC.isheD.isn'the
6.Youhadbetternotsmokehere,?
A.willyouB.hadyouC.shallyouD.haveyou
7.Trainashardasyoucan___you'llwintheswimmingcompetition.
A.thenB.butC.andD.or
8.I'msorrytohavetosaythis,youforgottoturnoffthelightswhen
youlefttheroomlastnight.
A.andB.butC.soD.because
9.Johnhasnotyetpassedthedrivingtest,and.
A.Henryhasn'ttooB.Henryalsohasnoteither
C.neitherHenryhasD.neitherhasHenry
10.Therearemanysportsloversinhisoffice.Someloveclimbing,
othersenjoyswimming.
A.orB.forC.whileD.so
11.——Doyoufeellikegoingout__wouldyouratherhavedinnerathome?
——rdliketogoout.A.orB.andC.butD.so
12.——“isthetemperaturetoday?^^----"It's38degrees.”
A.WhichB.HowC.HowhotD.Howhigh
13.——Youruncleisn'tanengineer,ishe?----.
A.Yes,heisn'tB.No,heisn'tC.No,heisD.Heis
14.friendlytoeveryone!
A.How,issheB.What,issheC.How,sheisD.What,sheis
15.Marywenttobedearly,shefeltverytired.
A.orB.soC.forD.yet
16.Motheradresswhenshecutherfinger.
A.wasmakingB.makesC.ismakingD.made
17.Helayinbedreadsomethingborrowedfromlibrary.
A.butB.andC.orD.yet
18.-rdreallylikesomelunchbutIhavesomuchworktodo.
--whatyouwantandIcangetitforyou.
A.TellmeB.Ifyouwouldsaytome
C.YouwilltellmeD.Ifyoutellme
19.Asheisstrong,canliftonehundredpounds.
A.yetheB.butheC.andD.he
20.——Ithoughtyouhadanumbrella.——Ihad,Fvelostit.
A.sinceB.butC.becauseD.so
21.____downtheradio——thebaby'sasleepinthenextroom.
A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn
22.——Idon'tlikechickenfish.
——Idon'tlikechicken____Ilikefishverymuch.
A.and,andB.and,butC.or,andD.or,but
23.——Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?
——I'dliketo,I'mtoobusy.
A.andB.soC.asD.but
24.Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffeeshallwegetdowntobusinessrightaway?
A.andB.thenC.orD.otherwise
25.Shesetoutsoonafterdarkhomeanhourlater.
A.arrivingB.toarriveC.havingarrivedD.andarrived
26.“Can'tyouread?^^Marysaidtothenotice.
A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrily
C.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointed
27.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,,infact,Iwas
talkingaboutmydaughter.
A.whomB.whereC.whichD.while
28.itwithmeandI'llseewhatIcando.
A.WhenleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Leave
29.——Alice,youfeedthebirdtoday,?——ButIfedityesterday.
A.doyouB.willyouC.didn'tyouD.don'tyou
30.himandthentrytocopywhathedoes.
A.MindB.GlanceatC.StareatD.Watch
四、按要求完成下列句子:
1.Hedarestotellthetruth.(改为否定句)
2.Theyhavelivedhereformorethantenyears.(对画线部分提问)
3.Therewillbeasportsmeetattheendofthismonth,?
(完成反意疑问)
4.Youmustbecarefulwithyourpronunciation.(改为祈使句)
5.Theywentforawalkaftersupperyesterdayevening.(改为一般疑问句)
6.Itisaninterestingstory.(改为感叹句)
7.Thismagazinecomesout(出版)everyotherweek.(对画线部分提问)
8.Theycouldhardlybelievehiswords,?(完成反意疑问)
9.Themoonisshiningbrightly.(改为感叹句)
lO.OurEnglishteacherisalwaysencouragingustospeakEnglishinclass.
(对画线部分提问)
一、1、简单句;2、复合句;3、简单句;4、简单句;5、并列句;6、复合句;7^并列句;
8、复合句;9、简单句;10、简单句
二、
Ihopeyouareverywell(复合句).I'mfine,buttired(简单句).Rightnowitisthesummer
vacationandTmhelpingmyDadonthefarm(并歹ll句).Augustisthehottestmonthhere(简单
句).Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.(并歹U句)
Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors(简单句).Wegrowriceinthe
southoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat(并歹U复合句).Wehavea
lotofmachinesonthefarm(简单句).Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomen
workingforhim(复合句).Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest(简单句).Mybrothertakes
careofthevegetablegarden(简单句).Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere(简单句).Asa
result,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden(简单句).Everyeveningwepumpwaterfroma
well(简单句).Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden(简单句).
MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime(简单句).Thesepartiesoftenmake
usveryh叩py(简单句).Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside(简单句).Il'sgreat(简单句)!
Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion(简单句).Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer
(简单句).Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty(复合句).Inyourletteryou
askedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates(简单句).Therearefivedifferenttimeareasin
theStates(简单句).InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime(简单句).Howmany
differenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina(简单句)?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep(简单
句).Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents(简单句).
三、1-5ACADD6-10BCBDC11〜15ADBCC16~20ABADB21~25DDDCD26〜30ADDBD
四、1.Hedoesn'tdaretotellthetruth.或Hedarenottellthetruth.2.Howlonghavetheylived
here?3.won'tthere4.Becarefulwithyourpronunciation.5.Didtheygoforawalkaftersupper
yesterdayevening?6.Whataninterestingstory(itis)!或Howinterestingthestoryis!7.How
oftendoesthismagazinecomeout?8.couldthey9.Howbrightlythemoonisshining!10.Whois
alwaysencouragingustospeakEnglishinclass?
高考语法复习二、主谓一致
在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一
致。寻其规律,大致可归纳为三个原则,即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。
(一)语法一致原则:语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单
数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm./Tostudy
Englishwellisnoteasy./Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall./Thechildrenwereinthe
classroomtwohoursago./Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.
注意:由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式,但若表语是复数或
what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如:WhatIbought
werethreeEnglishbooks./WhatIsayanddois(are)helpfultoyou.
2、山连接词and或both…and连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。如:
LucyandLilyaretwins./SheandIareclassmates./Theboyandthegirlweresurprisedwhen
theyheardthenews./BothsheandheareYoungPioneers.
注意:①若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。
如:Thewriterandartisthascome.;/②山and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,
everymorethana(an),manya(an)修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。如:Everystudentand
everyteacherwasintheroom../Noboyandnogirllikesit.
3、主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,rather
than,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主
语为复数,谓语用复数形式。如:MrGreen,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometo
China./NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground./She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.
4、either,neither,each,every或no+单数名词和由some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词,
都作单数看待。如:Eachofushasanewbook./Everythingaroundusismatter.
注意:①在口语中当either或ne汕er后跟有“of+复数名词(或代词)”作主语时,其谓语
动词也可用复数。如:Neitherofthetextsis(are)interesting.②若noneof后面的名词是不可
数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数;若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都
可以。如:Noneofushas(have)beentoAmerica.
5、在定语从句时,关系代词that,who,which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词
的数一致。如:Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard./Heistheonlyoneofmyfriends
whoisworkinghard.
6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其谓语动
词就用复数形式。这些词有family,class,crowd,committee,population,audience等。如:Class
Fourisonthethirdfloor./ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.
注意:people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如:Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.
7、由ualotof,lotsof,plentyof,therestof,themajorityof+名词”构成的短语以及由“分数
或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如:
Therearealotofpeopleintheclassroom./Therestofthelectureiswonderful./50%ofthe
studentsinourclassaregirls.
注意:anumberof“许多”,作定语修饰复数名词,谓语用复数;thenumberof"…的数量”,
主语是number,谓语用单数。
8、在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如:Therecomesthebus./Onthewallare
manypictures./Suchistheresult./Sucharethefacts.
(二)逻辑意义一致原则:逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致(因有时
主语形式为单数,但意义为复数;有时形式为复数,但意义为单数)。
1、what,who,which,any,more,all等代词可以是单数,也可是复数,主要靠意思来决定。如:
Whichisyourbag?/Whichareyourbags?/Allisgoingwell./AllhavegonetoBeijing.
2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式,
这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体,如:Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework.
3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式,其谓语动词通常用单数
形式。如:"TheArabianNights”isaninterestingstory-book.
4、表数量的短语"oneandahalf"后接复数名词作主语时,其谓语动词可用单数形式(也
可用复数。如:Oneandahalfapplesis(are)leftonthetable.
5、算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常作单数看待,其谓语动词采用单数形式。如:Twelveplus
eightistwenty./Fifty-sixdividedbyeightisseven.
6、一些学科名词是以-ics结尾,如:mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works等,
都属于形式上是复数的名词,实际意义为单数名词,它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形
式。如:Thepaperworkswasbuiltin1990./1thinkphysicsisn'teasytostudy.
7>trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,等词作由语时,谓语用复数,但如果这些名词前有a(the)
pairof等量词修饰时,谓语动词用单数。如:Myglassesarebroken./Thepairofshoesunderthe
bedishis.
8、“定冠词the+形容词或分词”,表示某一类人时,动词用复数。
(三)就近一致原则:在英语句子中,有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
1、当两个主语由either…or,neither…nor,whether…or•,,,notonlybutalso连接时,
谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如:Eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends./Neitherthey
norheiswhollyright./Isneitherhenortheywhollyright?
2、therebe句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语,则
应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如:Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom..
注意:Here引导的句子用法同上。
语法复习二、主谓一致
1.1,whoyourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourEnglish.
A.amB.isC.areD.be
key:Awho指的是I;Iam所以whoam
2.Therichnotalwayshappy.
A.areB.isC.hasD.have
key:Athe+adj指一类人,当然用复数了;behappy,所以不用have
3.NeitherTomnorJackandIhisstudents.
A.areB.amC.isD.was
key:A就近原则;主语是JackandI
4.MaryaswellashersistersChineseinChina.
A.arestudyingB.havestudiedC.studiesD.study
key:C句子主语Mary;aswellashersisters不是主语
5.NeithermyfathernorIathome.
A.amB.isC.areD.be
key:A就近原则
6.NotonlymybrotherbutalsoIgoodatpainting.Bothofus
____goodpainters.,
A.are;areB.am;amC.am;areD.is;is
key:C第一空就近原则
7.Every'boyandeverygirltoattendtheeveningparty.
A.wishB.wishesC.islikeD.like
key:B
8.Over80percentofthepopulationofChinapeasants.
A.wasB.isC.wouldbeD.are
key:Dp叩ulation这个词指人,谓语用复数;指数字,谓语用单数
9.ThepopulationofChina__largerthanthatof.anyothercountryintheworld.
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
key:A
10.Everymeanstriedbutwithoutanyresult.
A.havebeenB.istobeC.aretobeD.hasbeen
key:Dmeans不是复数,是一个单词,意思是方法手段
11.Alice,togetherwithtwoboys,forhavingbrokentherule.
A.waspunishedB.punishedC.werepunishedD.beingpunished
key:A
12.TheLeaguesecretaryandthemonitoraskedtoattendthemeeting
thisafternoon.
A.isB.wasC.areD.isbeing
key:CtheLeaguesecretary和themonitor两个人;比较:thedoctorandwriteriscoming...
13.Thegreatwriterandprofessor.
A.isanoldmanB.arebotholdmen
C.isanoldmanandayoungmanD.weretwoChinese
key:A
14.Thereapen,twopencilsandthreebooksonthedesk.
A.areB.isC.hasD.have
key:B就近原则
15.Alargenumberofstudentsinourclassgirls.
A.areB.wasC.isD.be
key:Aalargenumberof...很多,相当于many的用法;比较:thenumberof...指的是数字,所以谓
语动词用单数的形式
16.Thenumberofdeer,mountainlionsandwildrosesmuchifpeople
leavethingsastheyare.
A.doesn*tchangeB.don'tchangeC.changeD.changed
key:A
17.TheArabianNightswellknowntotheEnglish.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
key:AtheArabianNights.天方夜谭,这是•本书,谓语动词当然用单数了.
18.ChairmanMao'sworkspublished.
A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.wasD.is
key:Bworks著作,作品毛主席选集已经出版了,当然是复数了.
19.Achemicalworksbuiltthere.
A.istobeingB.havebeenC.weretoD.hasbeen
key:Dworks工厂
20.TheOlympicGamesheldeveryyears.
A.is;fourB.are;fourC.is;fiveD.are;five
key:B
21.TheUnitedStatesofAmericaoneofthemostdeveloped
countriesintheworld.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
key:A主语是一个国家
22.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoelected.
A.areB.haveC.hasD.is
key:D比较:Heisoneofthestudentswhoareelected.
23.Theisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthatasked.
A.haveB.hasC.havebeenD.hasbeen
key:C
24.Manyamancometohelpus.
A.haveB.hasC.isD.are
key:B这个把它背下来
25."AllpresentandallgoingonwellJourmonitorsaid.
A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD
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