高中英语必修5课时达标训练（一）

Module1课时达标训练(一)阅读理解AAmericanandBritishpeopleusedifferentgreetings.IntheUSAthemonestgreetingis“Hi！”.InBritainitis“Hello！”or“Howareyou？”.“Hi！”iscreeping(不知不觉地进入)intoBritishEnglish,too.Whentheyareintroducedtosomeone,theAmericanssay,“Gladtoknowyou.”TheBritishsay,“Howdoyoudo？”or“Pleasedtomeetyou.”WhenAmericanssay“Goodbye”，theynearlyalwaysadd“Haveagoodday.”or“Haveagoodtrip.”tofriendsandstrangersalike.Britonsarealreadybeginningtouse“Haveagoodday.”TheBritishusuallyuse“got”inthesenseof“have”.TheAmericanshardlyeverdo.AmericanEnglish:Doyouhaveacar,room,etc.？Yes,Ido.BritishEnglish:Haveyougotacar,room,etc.？Yes,Ihave.ManyAmericanwordsendingin“or”，e．g.honor,laborarespeltinBritishEnglishwithan“our”，e．g.honour,labour.ManyverbsinAmericanEnglishwith“ize”or“izing”forms,e．anize,realizingarespeltinBritishEnglishwith“ise”or“ising”，e．g.organise,realising.InAmericanEnglish,“practice”isusedbothfortheverbandnoun.InBritishEnglish,theverbisspelt“practise”，andthenoun“practice”.InAmericanEnglish,onewrites“traveler”，whileinBritishEnglish,onewrites“traveller”．ItwasoncepredictedthatBritishandAmericanEnglishwouldbeeseparatelanguagesfinally.Buttheoppositehashappened.Thelinksbetweenthetwocountriesaresostrongthatlinguistically(语言上地),andprobablyculturallytoo,theyareclosertogetherthanever.1．TheAmericanshardlysay“________”．A．Goodbye.Haveagoodday!B．Gladtoknowyou!C．Hi!D．Haveyougotacar?2．Whatdoesthethirdparagraphtalkabout?A．TherearelotsofdifferencesinspellingbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.B．ThereasonswhytheAmericansandtheBritishusedifferentspellings.C．TherearefewdifferencesinspellingbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.D．ThedifferentusagesofwordsinAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.3．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Thetwolanguagesmustbeeseparatelanguages.B．AmericanEnglishwillbeusedmoreandmore.C．Thetwolanguagesmaybecloserandcloser.D．BritishEnglishwillbeusedmoreandmore.4．Theunderlinedword“predicted”means“________”．A．explainedB．foretoldC．consideredD．provedBTheEnglishlanguagewasintroducedtotheAmericansthroughBritishcolonizationintheearly17thcenturyanditspreadtomanypartsoftheworld.Overtheyears,EnglishspokenintheUnitedStatesandinBritainaredifferentinmanyways.DifferencesinvocabularyWhileawordmaymeansomethinginBritishEnglish,itmightmeansomethingelseinAmericanEnglish.Forexample:anathleteinBritishEnglishisonewhojoinsintrackandfieldevents(田径比赛),butanathleteinAmericanEnglishisonewhoparticipatesinsportsingeneral.__________________TherearealsoafewdifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishintheuseofprepositions.Forexample:whiletheBritishwouldplayinateam,Americanswouldplayonateam.Anotherexample:whiletheBritishwouldgooutattheweekend,Americanswouldgooutontheweekend.DifferencesinverbusageAmericanandBritishEnglishmayalsouseabaseverbindifferentmanners.Forexample:fortheverb“dream”，Americanswouldusethepasttense“dreamed”whiletheBritishwoulduse“dreamt”inthepasttense.Thesameappliesto“learned”and“learnt”.AnotherexampleofdifferingpasttensespellingsforverbsinAmericanandBritishEnglishis“forecast”.Americansuse“forecast”whiletheBritishwouldsay“forecasted”inthesimplepasttense.Thesewordshavethesamemeanings.DifferencesintimetellingBothlanguageshaveadifferentstructuresoftellingthetime.WhiletheBritishwouldsayaquarterpasttentoexpress10：15,itisunmoninAmericatosayaquarterafterorevenaquarterpastten.Thirtyminutesafterthehourismonlycalledhalfpastinbothlanguages.Americansalwayswritedigitaltimewithacolon,thus6：00,buttheBritishoftenuseapoint,6：00.5．AnathleteinAmericanEnglishreferstoapersonwho________．A．takespartinanykindofsportB．entersintotrackandfieldeventsC．haswonmedalsinsportsmeetingsD．hasthequalificationtoattendtheOlympicGames6．Whichofthefollowingcanfilltheblank?A．DifferencesinorallanguageB．DifferencesinpronunciationC．DifferencesintheuseoftensesD．Differencesintheuseofprepositions7．WhichoneisCORRECTfromthepassage?A．UsinghalfpasttwoismoninAmerica.B．TheAmericansusuallyuse“t”toshowapasttenseverb.C．ThereisnodifferencebetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.D．IfyouuseBritishEnglishinAmerica,theAmericanswillnotunderstandwhatyouaresaying.8．Bywritingthepassage,theauthorwantsto________．A．underlinetheimportanceoflearningasecondlanguageB．encouragepeopletolearndifferentlanguagesandculturesC．tellreaderssomedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglishD．explainwhytherearesomanydifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglishCItissaidthatagreatmanythingsaboutlanguagesaremysterious,andmanywillalwaysbeso.Butsomethingswedoknow.Firstly,weknowthatallhumanbeingshavealanguageofsomekind.Thereisnoraceofmenanywhereonearthsobackwardthatithasnolanguage,nosetofspeechsoundsbywhichthepeoplemunicatewithoneanother.Inhistoricaltimes,therehasneverbeenaraceofmenwithoutalanguage.Secondly,thereisnosuchthingasaprimitivelanguage.Therearemanypeoplewhoseculturesareunderdeveloped,whoare,aswesay,uncivilized,butthelanguagestheyspeakarenotprimitive.Inallknownlanguageswecanseeplexitiesthatmusthavebeentensofthousandsofyearsindeveloping.Thishasnotalwaysbeenwellunderstood;indeed,thedirectcontraryhasoftenbeenstated.PopularideasofthelanguageoftheAmericanIndianswillillustrate.ManypeoplehaveguessedthattheIndiansmunicatedinaveryprimitivesystemofnoises.Studyhasprovedthistobenonsense.Thereare,orwere,hundredsofAmericanIndianlanguages,andallofthemturnouttobeveryplicatedandveryold.Theyarecertainlydifferentfromthelanguagesthatmostofusarefamiliarwith,buttheyarenomoreprimitivethanEnglishandGreek.Athirdthingweknowaboutlanguageisthatalllanguagesareperfectlyadequate.Thismeanseachoneisaperfectmeansofexpressingthecultureofthepeoplewhospeakthelanguage.Finally,weknowthatlanguagechanges.It'snaturalandnormalforlanguagetochange;theonlylanguageswhichdonotchangearethedeadones.Thisiseasytounderstandifwelookbackwardintime.Changegoesoninallaspectsoflanguage.Grammaticalfeatureschangeasdospeechsoundsandchangesinvocabularyaresometimesveryextensiveandmayoccurveryrapidly.Vocabularyistheleaststablepartofanylanguage.9．Inthe2ndparagraphtheauthorthinksthat________．A．somebackwardracesdon'thavealanguageoftheirownB．someracesinhistorydidn'tpossessalanguageoftheirownC．anyhumanrace,whetherbackwardornot,hasalanguageD．someracesonearthcanmunicatewithoutalanguage10．Astheauthorsays,peopleofunderdevelopedculturescanhave________languages.A．plicatedB．uncivilizedC．primitiveD．wellknown11．AmericanIndianlanguagesarementionedtoprovethattheyare________．A．asfullydevelopedassomewellknownlanguagesB．moreprimitivethansomewellknownlanguagesC．moreplexthansomewellknownlanguagesD．justasprimitiveassomewellknownlanguages12．Accordingtotheauthor,languagechangesaremostlikelyappearin________．A．grammarB．vocabularyC．intonationD．pronunciation答案：语篇解读：本文主要介绍了英式和美式英语之间的差异，最后预测最终两种语言将变成不同的语言或越来越接近。1．解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段所举例子可知英国人常使用havegot，而美国人常使用have可知。2．解析：选A段落大意题。根据第三段所举例子可知英式和美式英语在拼写上有很多差别。3．解析：选C推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可推知C项正确。4．解析：选B词义猜测题。本文主要介绍了英式和美式英语之间的差异，最后预测最终两种语言将变成不同的语言。故predict应为“预测”。explain“解释”；consider“考虑；认为”；prove“证实”。语篇解读：文章介绍了英式英语和美式英语之间的区别。5.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“butanathleteinAmericanEnglishisonewhoparticipatesinsportsingeneral”可知，在美式英语中athlete指的是参加任何一项体育运动的人。6．解析：选D段落大意题。根据第三段的“Ther