2024年高考英语复习主题词汇 人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系

话题十五人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系

第一部分话题词汇积累

单词&短语

1n.日晒，晒黑；晒伤

2.v./n.挣扎，奋斗，努力

3.n.十年，十年期

4.n.冗员，额外人员；［口］特级品，特大号商品；超级市场adj.特级的，极好的，非凡的

5.n.饥饿，渴望v.使饥饿；渴望

6.n.产量，输出；输出量

7.adj.引起烦恼的，令人不安的vt.扩大，扩展，张开，使发，详谈；引申

9.v.循环，流通；传递；传播；流传

10.n.战役，战斗v.搏斗，奋斗

11.adv.因此，所以

12.vt.摆脱，除去；扔掉；丢弃；消除；赶走

13.n.自由，自主

14.v.配备，装备；使有所准备，使有能力

15.v.输出，出口；传播n.输出（品）

16.n.国籍；（构成国家一部分的）民族

17.n.工作，职业，占领；消遣；使用；居住

18.v.使迷惑，使为难；混淆；搞错

19.n.发现,发觉,一discoverv.发现

20.v.集中，聚焦，n.焦点，中心点

21.protectrareanimalsandplants____________________________

22.popularizeenvironmentalprotectionknowledge

23.enhancetheawarenessoftheimportanceofenvironmentalprotection

24.improvetheeco-environment___________________________

25.developsolarenergy_____________________________

26.providehabitatsforahugenumberofwildanimalsandplants

27.supplywaterandfoodforhumanbeings

28.paygreatattentiontotheconservationofforest

29.resultinaseriesofproblems___________________________

30.helpslowdownthepaceofglobalwarming

完形高频短语

1.aboveall_____

2.afterall______

3.apartfrom____

4.asaresultof__

5.asfor________

6.asif_________

7.as/solongas__

8.asto_________

9.asusual______

lO.aswell______

1l.aswellas_____

12.atleast_____

13.atmost_____

14.attimes_____

15.beforelong__

16.byall/nomeans

17.bychance___

18.calmdown__

19.dueto______

2O.evenso_____

2Levenif/though_

22.exceptfor__

23.eversince__

24.farfrom____

25.forlackof__

26.getridof___

27.inaddition___

28.inaddition(to)_

29.inahurry

3O.incase(of)___

31.indetail_____

32.inexchangefor

33.infavourof_____________________________

34.infact_____________________________

35.inneedof____________________________

36.inotherwords_____________________________

37.inreturn_____________________________

38.inshort____________________________

39.inspiteof_________________________

4O.intheend_____________________________

41.insteadof_____________________________

42.instore(forsb.)_____________________________

43.intermsof_____________________________

44.intime_____________________________

45.inturn_____________________________

46.invain_____________________________

47.nowandthen_____________________________

48.nowthat_____________________________

49.onbehalfof_____________________________

50.onpurpose_____________________________

51.onthecontrary_____________________________

52.onthewhole_____________________________

53.onceagain_____________________________

54.onceinawhile_____________________________

55.oncemore_____________________________

56.otherthan_____________________________

57.outofplace_____________________________

58.outofsight_____________________________

59.ratherthan_____________________________

60.sofar_____________________________

词汇拓展

1.ratherthan用作连词，连接两个平行结构。既可以表示主观愿望上的抉择，“与其……宁可“，也可以表示客观

程度上的差异，”与其说是……不如说是……”。

I,you,shoulddothework.该做这工作的是我，而不是你。

IthinkI'llhaveacolddrink___________coffee.我想喝冷饮，而不是咖啡。

Youaredoingthisforyourselfforyourfriend.

你不是为你朋友，而是为你自己做这种事。

Ialwayspreferstartingearly,leavingeverythingtothelastminute.

我一直都是尽早开始做事，而不是把所有事情都留到最后。

Sheinsistedonhavingtheroompaperedpainted.

她坚持要用纸裱糊房间，而不是把房间粉刷一下。

Idecidedtowritetelephone.我决定写信而不是打电话。

Iprefertoworkremainidle.我宁愿工作也不愿闲着。

Hetoldaliegethisfriendintotrouble.他宁愿说谎也不愿连累朋友。

Itwaswhathehadeatenwhathehaddrunkthatmadehimill.

使他得病的不是他喝的东西，而是他吃的东西。

2.aswellas用于本义，可视为as...as结构与well的自然搭配，其意为“与...一样好

用于引申义,表示“不但……而且”“既是……也是”“而且”“还”。

aswellas常用来连接两个并列的成分，作“也，还”解。它强调的是前一项，后一项只是顺便提

及。因此连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前一项一致；而用notonly...butalso...连接时，谓语动词与后一项一致。

Hesings,ifnotbetterthan,Mary.要是他唱歌不比玛丽唱得更好，但至少也是一样好。

Hegrowsflowersvegetables.他既种菜也种花。

learningtoswimhehasbeentakingSpanishlessonsthissummer.

今年夏天，他除了学习游泳外，还在上西班牙语课。

HespeaksSpanishEnglishandFrench.他不仅会说英语和法语，还会说西班牙语。

TomhisparentsisgoingtoLondon.汤姆和他的父母要去伦敦。

【联想】aswell常用作状语，作“又；也”解，相当于too或also,常位于句末，无须用逗号与句子分开。

如：Chinaisasocialistcountry,andadevelopingcountryaswell.

中国是一个社会主义国家，也是一个发展中国家。

Inotonlyplaytheguitar,Isingaswell(=Ialsosing).我不但弹吉他，而且还演唱。

活学活用

一、阅读下列句子，在空白处填入1个单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

l.It'syou,ratherthanhe,that(be)toblamefortheaccident.

2.Sofartheteacheraswellasthestudents(see)thefilm.

3.Shestaredoutofthewindow,(lose)inadaydream.

4.Hegavemesometomatoesinexchangealiftintotown.

5.Although(face)aterriblesituation,weshouldn'tlosecontrolordrinktoomuch.

二、翻译句子

1.只要你努力学习，就一定会达到预定的目的。（aslongas）

2.学生应学会如何充分利用时间发展各项技能。（makeuseof）

3.银行经理问他的助手能否在一周制定出投资计划。（workout）

4.我要到伦敦去，我妹妹也要去。（aswell）

参考答案

单词&短语

1.sunburn2.struggle3.decade4.super5.hunger6.output7.disturbing8.expand9.circulatelO.battle

11.therefore12.rid13.freedom14.equip15.export16.nationality17.occupation18.confuse19.discovery

20.focus21.保护珍稀动植物22.普及环保知识23.增强环境意识24.改善生态环境25.开发太阳能26.为大量野生动

植物提供栖息地27.为人类提供水和食物28.非常注重森林保护29.引发一系列问题30.帮助减缓全球变暖速度

完形高频短语

1.最重要的是；尤其2.毕竟；终究3.①除……外（别无）;若不②除……外（尚有）4.作为……的结果

5.就……而言6.好像；似乎7.只要8.关于某事9.像平常一样10.也；还11.①与……一样好②和；也；除……之

外12.①（数量上）不少于②至少；起码13.至多；最多14.有时；间或15.很快；不久16.尽一切办法；务必；当然

可以/决不17.碰巧；意外地18.（使）平静下来19.由于；因为20.尽管如此；即使那样21.尽管；即使22.除了……外；

除去；只是23.自从；从……以来24.远非；完全不25.因缺少26.摆脱;除去27.另外；加之28.除……之外（还）29.

匆忙；急于30.假使；免得；以防（万一）31.详细地32.交换；调换33.赞同；支持34.其实；实际上35•需要36.也就

是说；换句话说37作为交换；作为回报38.总之；简言之39.不管；尽管40.最后；终于41.代替；而不是42.即将

发生（在某人身上）;等待着（某人）43.从……方面来讲；就……而言44.迟早；及时45.依次；反过来；转而46.徒劳；

白辛苦47.时而；偶尔48.既然；由于49.①代表②为了……50.故意地；有意地51.正相反；恰恰相反52.总的看

来；总体而言53.再一次54.偶尔；间或55.再一次56.除……以外（except）57.不在合适的位置上；不合适的；不相称

的58.看不见；在视野之外59.而不60.迄今为止

词汇拓展

1.ratherthan;ratherthan;ratherthan;ratherthan;ratherthan;ratherthan;ratherthan;ratherthan;ratherthan

2.aswellas;aswellas;Aswellas;aswellas;aswellas

活学活用

一、l.are2.hasseen3.1ost4.for5.facing

二、l.Aslongasyoustudyhard,youaresuretogettheexpectedgoal.

2.Studentsaretolearntomakefulluseoftheirtimetodevelopvariousskillsandabilities.

3.Thebankmanageraskedhisassistantifitwaspossibleforhimtoworkouttheinvestmentplanwithinaweek.

4.1amgoingtoLondonandmysisterisgoingaswell.

第二部分话题阅读训练

(A)阅读理解

IfplastichadbeeninventedwhenthePilgrimssailedfromPlymouth,England,toNorthAmerica-andtheir

Mayflowerhadbeenstockedwithbottledwaterandplastic-wrappedsnacks,theirplasticwastewouldlikelystillbearound

fourcenturieslater.Atlanticwavesandsunlightwouldhavewornallthatplasticintotinybits.Andthosebitsmightstillbe

floatingaroundtheworld'soceanstoday,waitingtobeeatenbysomefishoroysters,andfinallyperhapsbyoneofus.

Becauseplasticwasn'tinventeduntilthelate19thcentury,anditsproductiononlyreallytookoffaround1950,we

haveamere9.2billiontonsofthestufftodealwith.Ofthat,morethan6.9billiontonshavebecomewaste.Andofthat

waste,asurprising6.3billiontonsnevermadeittoarecyclingbin—thefigurethatshockedthescientistswhopublishedthe

numbersin2017.

Nooneknowshowmuchunrecycledplasticwasteendsupintheocean,theearth'slastsink.In2015,JennaJambeck,

anengineeringprofessoroftheUniversityofGeorgia,caughteveryone'sattentionwitharoughestimate：between5.3

millionand14milliontonsofplasticwasteeachyearjustcomefromcoastalregions.

Meanwhile,oceanplasticisestimatedtokillmillionsofmarine(海洋的)animalseveryyear.Nearly700species,

includingendangeredones,areknowntohavebeenaffectedbyit.Someareharmedvisibly,stuckbyabandonedthings

madeofplastic.Manymoreareprobablyharmedinvisibly.Marinespeciesofallsizes,fromzooplanktontowhales,noweat

microplastics,thebitssmallerthanone-fifthofaninchacross.

“Thisisn*taproblemthatwedon*tknowwhatthesolutionis,“saysTedSiegler,aVermontresourceeconomistwho

hasspentmorethan25yearsworkingwithdevelopingnationsongarbage.66Weknowhowtopickupgarbage.Anyonecan

doit.Weknowhowtodealwithit.Weknowhowtorecycle.It'samatterofbuildingthenecessaryinstitutionsandsystems

ideallybeforetheoceanturnsintoathinsoupofplastic.^^

1.WhydoestheauthormentionthePilgrimsinParagraph1?

A.Toproveplasticwasdifficulttoinvent.

B.Tointroducewhatmarineanimalslikeeating.

C.TotellthePilgrimscontributedalottothemarineprotection.

D.Toshowplasticwastehasalastingeffectontheocean.

2.What*sthemaintroublemarineanimalsfaceaccordingtothetext?

A.Lackingprotection.

B.Beingstuckbyplastics.

C.Beingcaughtbyhumans.

D.Treatingplasticsasfood.

3.WhatdoesTedSieglerwanttotellusinthelastparagraph?

A.Somepeopledon'tknowthesolutiontoplasticwaste.

B.Plasticswillturntheoceanintoasoupofplastic.

C.It'stimetotakemeasurestodealwithplasticwaste.

D.Peopleshouldavoidusingplasticstoprotecttheocean.

4.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?

A-Abiologytextbook.

B.Atravelbrochure.

C.Anenvironmentalreport.

D.Alifestylemagazine.

【语篇解读】本文为说明文，主题语境是人与自然。文章主要介绍了如今塑料垃圾已经严重地污染了我们的

环境，尤其是海洋环境，人类应该采取措施改变这一现状。

1.D［推理判断题。根据第一段中“Andthosebitsmightstillbefloatingaroundtheworld'soceanstoday,waitingto

beeatenbysomefishoroysters,andfinallyperhapsbyoneofus.”可知，作者在第一段中提到Pilgrims是为了表明塑料

垃圾对海洋有持久的影响。故选D项。］

2.D［细节理解题。根据第四段中“Marinespeciesofallsizes,fromzooplanktontowhales,noweatmicroplastics,

thebitssmallerthanone-fifthofaninchacross.”可知，海洋动物面临的主要问题是把塑料当作食物。故选D项。］

3.C［推理判断题。根据最后一段中"It'samatterofbuildingthenecessaryinstitutionsandsystemsideallybeforethe

oceanturnsintoathinsoupofplastic.”可知，TedSiegler想告诉我们是采取措施处理塑料垃圾的时候了。故选C项。］

4.C［推理判断题。文章主要是关于海洋垃圾和海洋生物保护的，由此可推知这篇文章可能来自一份环境报告。

故选C项。］

(B)语法填空

ThewildfiresinAustraliabecameconsiderablyworseinJanuary,2020.Thedisasterfacedby1.countryisfar

fromover.Manyofthefires2.(send)smokehighintotheatmosphereandsomesmoketurnedinto

pyrocumulonimbusclouds(火云).Thecloudscouldhelpafiredrawinmoreairandshiftsurfacewinds,3.(result)

infiretornadoes(龙卷风).Fireshavedestroyedhabitatsforanimalsthat4.(find)onlyinAustralia,including

koalasandrarebirds.Itwilltaketimetofullyknowhowmuchharmthefireshavedone5.wildlife.Thewildfires

areexpected6.(continue)burningformonthsasAustraliaentereditsdryseason.

Thispastyear,2019,isthehottestanddriestyearonrecord.Thefireshappen7.(regular)duringthe

Australiandryseason.However,climateandnaturalchangesaremakingthesituation8