广东省湛江市2024届高三年级下册一模英语试卷(含答案)

广东省湛江市2024届高三下学期一模英语试卷

学校：___________姓名：班级：___________考号：

一'阅读理解

TopCoffee-producingCountries

Brazil

Backinthe18thcentury,Brazilstartedgrowingcoffee.Now,around300,000coffee

farmersinBrazilproduceabout40%oftheworld'scoffee.Arabica（阿拉比卡咖啡）takesup

70%ofthecoffeebeansgrowninthecountry.InBrazil,3%ofexportincomeisfromcoffee

beans.Braziliansarewildaboutdrinkingtheircoffeeandconsumeitalldaylong.

Vietnam

CoffeefounditswaytoVietnaminthe1800s.Nowcoffeeindustryemploysalmost3

millionpeople.MostofVietnam'scoffeeproductionisthelessappreciatedRobusta（罗布斯

塔咖啡）variety.Becauseofthat,mostcoffeebeansgrowninVietnamareforinstantcoffee.

Despitecoffee'spopularityasanexportcrop,theVietnamesestillprefertea.Theyalsomake

afamousCappuccino（卡布奇诺咖啡）notfoundelsewhere-famousbecauseitgetsadose

ofraweggifthafstoyourliking.

Colombia

CoffeewasintroducedintoColombiaintheearly1700s.InColombia,about2.3million

acresoflandareplantedwithcoffee.Coffeeisthemostimportantagriculturalexport.There

arearound555,000coffeegrowersinColombia.ThemajorityofColombiancoffee

plantationsareownedbyfamilies.Colombianstypicallystarttheirmorningwithatinto.Ifsa

smallcupofblackcoffeethafssweetenedwithsugar.Theymayaddcinnamonorother

spicestojazzitup.

Indonesia

Indonesiahasalongcoffeehistorythatgoesbacktothe1600s,whichhasitsshareof

upsanddowns.Inthelate19thcentury,theterriblecoffeerustdiseasecauseddeathtomany

ofthehigh-qualitycoffeeplants.Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,Indonesiareplanted

withthedisease-resistantRobustacoffee.ArabicabeansstillplayapartintheIndonesian

coffeemarket,representingabout25%ofcoffeebeansgrownthere.

1.Whichofthefourcountriesstartedgrowingcoffeeearliest?

A.Brazil.B.Vietnam.C.Colombia.D.Indonesia.

2.WhatisspecialaboutVietnam?

A.Auniquekindofcoffeedrinkismadethere.

B.High-qualitycoffeebeansareproducedthere.

C.Coffeewasproducedforthehomemarketthere.

D.Coffeeplantingmetwithproblemsinthe1990sthere.

3.WhatdoBrazilandColombiahaveincommon?

A.Coffeeexportsaregrowinginbothcountries.

B.Theybothhaveacoffee-lovingpopulation.

C.Theysharethesamenumberofcoffeegrowers.

D.Coffeefarmsareownedbyfamiliesinbothcountries.

Asadoctoralstudent,Iservedasahostessforfamousauthorsandillustratorswhenthey

cametoparticipateintheOhioStateUniversityChildren'sLiteratureConference.Ihosted

suchbelovedcreatorsofchildren'sbooksasNikkiGrimes,JerryPinkneyandJames

Ransome.Iwouldstandattheairport,holdingoneoftheirbooksandwaitingtopickthemup

andthendrivethemaroundtowntoplacestheyneededtogoandassistthemduring

autographsessions.AftergraduatingfrommyuniversityandacceptingapositionatClemson

Universityin2003,1keptintouchwithJamesRansome.

In2005Ireceivedagrantfromthegovernmenttoconductafamily-literacyprogram.I

wantedtoseewhatwouldhappenwhenIexposedtenAfricanAmericanfamilieswith

childrentobooksbyandaboutAfricanAmericans.Iprovidedeachofthefamilieswith

copiesofsevenbooks,fiveofwhichwereillustratedbyJames.

Thefamiliesparticipatedinaseriesoffivemonthlyworkshops,andthefinaleventwasa

presentationbyJamesandanautographsessionwithhim.Ibelievedthiseventwouldbea

meaningfulwaytoendtheprogram,byhavingafamousillustratorofchildren'sliterature

comeandtalkabouthiswork,especiallybecausethefamiliesandIhadreadandresponded

toseveralofhisbooksoverthecourseofthefiveworkshops.

James'svisitwasinformativeandenlighteningforthefamilies.Aparent,Ashley,toldme

thatshesentanotetoherson'steacherabouthavingparticipatedintheprogramandloaned

herson'sautographedcopiesofJames9sbooksfortheclasstoread.Lookingbackovermy

career,thisfamily-literacyprogramisoneoftheaccomplishmentsofwhichIamtheproudest,

andIamespeciallypleasedthatJameswaspartofit.

4.HowdidtheauthorcomeintocontactwithJames?

A.Theauthormethimbyaccidentattheairport.

B.Theauthorwenttohimtoaskforanautograph.

C.Theauthorhostedhimwhenheattendedaconference.

D.Theauthorwasintroducedtohimbyauniversityprofessor.

5.WhatcanbelearnedaboutJames?

A.Heranmonthlyworkshops.

B.HeisanAfricanAmerican.

C.Hehaswrittensevenbooks.

D.HegraduatedfromClemsonUniversity.

6.WhatdidJamesdoforthefamily-literacyprogram?

A.Hegaveatalktothefamilies.

B.Heloanedhisbookstothefamilies.

C.Herespondedtothequestionsraisedbythefamilies.

D.Heaskedthegovernmenttogivefinancialsupporttothefamilies.

7.WhatisAshley'sattitudetowardsJames?

A.Doubtful.B.Caring.C.Tolerant.D.Appreciative.

TheRobbersCaveExperimentwaspartofaseriesofstudiesconductedbysocial

psychologistMuzaferSherifandhisworkmatesinthe1940sand1950s.Theresearchers

dividedboysatasummercampintotwogroups,andtheystudiedhowconflictdeveloped

betweenthem.Theyalsoinvestigatedwhatdidanddidn'tworktoreducegroupconflict.The

boyswereleftinthedarkabouttheexperiment.

Inthe1954study,boyswhowereapproximately11〜12yearsoldthoughtthattheywere

participatinginatypicalsummercamp,whichtookplaceatRobbersCaveStatePark.

However,thecampers9parentsknewthattheirchildrenwereactuallyparticipatingina

researchstudy.

Theboysarrivedatthecampintwoseparategroups:forthefirstpartofthestudy,they

spenttimewithmembersoftheirowngroup,withoutknowingthattheothergroupexisted.

Thegroupschosenames,theEaglesandtheRattlers.

Afterashortperiodoftime,theboysbecameawareoftheexistenceoftheothergroup

andbegantospeaknegativelyabouttheothergroup.Thentheresearchersarrangeda

competitivetournamentbetweenthegroups,consistingofgamessuchasbaseballandtug-of-

warandtherelationshipbetweenthetwogroupsquicklybecametense.Thecampersrated

theirowngroupmorepositivelythantherival（对立）group.

lbdeterminethefactorsthatcouldreducegroupconflict,theresearchersfirstbrought

thecamperstogetherforfunactivitiessuchashavingamealorwatchingamovietogether.

However,thisdidn'tworktoreduceconflict.

Next,Sherifandhisworkmatestriedhavingthetwogroupsworkoncommongoals.For

example,thecamp'swatersupplywascutoffpurposelybytheresearchers,andtheEagles

andtheRattlersworkedtogethertofixtheproblem.Workingonsharedgoalseventually

reducedconflictandfriendshipsbegantoformwithmembersoftheothergroup.Intheend,

someofthecampersrequestedthateveryonefrombothgroupstakethebushometogether,

andonegroupboughtdrinksfortheothergroup.

8.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthecampersinthe1954experiment?

A.Theirparentsheldsomethingbackfromthem.

B.Theywereaskedtotakepartinasocialpractice.

C.Theywereparticipatinginatypicalsummercamp.

D.Theirgroupswereformedbythenamestheychose.

9.Whatisthebeginningoftheboys'negativeattitudetotheothergroup?

A.Beingaskedtoratetheothergroup.

B.Hearingnegativeremarksfromtheothergroup.

C.Competinginatournamentagainsttheothergroup.

D.Becomingawareoftheexistenceoftheothergroup.

10.Whywasthecamp'swatersupplycutoff?

A.Tocauseaconflictbetweenthetwogroups.

B.Totestthecampers'problem-solvingability.

C.Togetthetwogroupstoworkforacommongoal.

D.Toseehowmuchthecamperscareabouteachother.

11.WhatcanbeaconclusionfromSherif'sexperiment?

A.Fightsbetweendifferentgroupsareunavoidable.

B.Oneshouldseekfriendshipwithoutgroupmembers.

C.Funactivitiesarethebestwaystoreducegroupconflict.

D.Groupmemberstendtoturnagainstoutgroupmembers.

ForthehistoryoflifeonEarth,organismshavereliedonthelightofthesun,moon,and

starstofindtheirwayandscheduletheirlives.Whilethebeginningofelectriclightinginthe

late19thcenturymayhavebenefitedhumans,ithascausedproblemsinthenaturalworld.

Amongtheimpactsofartificiallightatnight(ALAN),lightpollutionluresmigratingbirdsto

citieswithshockingconsequences,contributestothealarmingdeclineininsectpopulations,

andconvincesseaturtlebabiestoamble(缓行)awayfromthewaterinsteadoftowardsit.

Now,anewstudyfromtheUniversityofPlymouthaddsanotherdisappointingfinding

abouthowALANisaffectingthecreatureswithwhomwesharetheplanet:Lightpollution

fromcoastalcitiescantrickcorals（珊瑚）intoreproducingoutsideoftheoptimumtimeswhen

theywouldnormallyreproduce.

Usingacombinationoflightpollutiondataandspawning（产卵Observations,researchers

wereabletoshowforthefirsttimethatcoralsexposedtoALANarespawningonetothree

daysearlierandclosertothefullmooncomparedtothoseonunlitcorals."Thatshiftmay

reducethesurvivalandfertilizationsuccessofgametes（配子）andgeneticconnectivity

betweennearbylitandunlitcoralsystems,9,theyexplain.

“Coralsareamongthemostbiodiverse,economicallyimportant,andthreatened

ecosystemsontheplanet/9writetheauthorsofthestudy.

“Climatechangehasledtomassbleaching（褪色）events.Habitatdestruction,fisheries,

andpollutionhavereducedcoralssubstantiallysincethe1950s,“theywrite,adding,"The

completelossofcoralsisanticipatedoverthenext100years."

IfwewanttoreducetheharmALANiscausing,wecouldperhapslooktodelaythe

switching-onofnight-timelightingincoastalregionstoensurethenaturaldarkperiod

betweensunsetandmoonrisewhencoralreproductionremainsundisturbed.

12.Whyisthefirstparagraphwritten?

A.Topresentthetopicofthetext.

B.Toadvocateenergyconservation.

C.Toexplainanaturalphenomenon.

D.Toprovidebackgroundinformation.

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“optimum“inparagraph2mean?

A.Possible.B.Appropriate.C.Flexible.D.Sensitive.

14.Whatistheresearchers9majorconcernovercorals?

A.Extinction.B.Losingvalue.

C.Terriblediseases.D.Exposuretomoonlight.

15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.CreaturesRelyonNaturalLightstoScheduleTheirLife

B.Night-timeLightingShortensNaturalDarkPeriod

C.CoastalLightsTrickCoralsintoEarlySpawning

D.LightPollutionLeadstoSeriousConsequences

二、七选五

16.Manysignificantinternationalprojectshaveconsideredhowschoolingmight

changetobettermatchthechangesthathavetakenplaceinthe21stcentury.①

Oneisashiftinthemeaningofknowledge,andtheotheristheneedtobuildeducation

systemsbasedaroundwhatwenowknowaboutlearning.

Theterm"knowledgeage"or"knowledgeeconomy^^referstoareorganizationaway

fromanIndustrialAgeeconomy,whereexploitation（开采）ofnaturalresources,primary

productionandmassproductionwerethestandardmodelsforeconomicdevelopment.②

Thisisachievedthroughtherapidcreationofnewknowledgeandhasbecomethe

basisforeconomicdevelopment.Itisarguedthateducationfortheknowledgeagemust

focusonthedevelopmentoflearners9competencestodealwithnewsituationsand

environments.

（3）Nordoesitdenytheneedforobviousgoalsforstudents9knowledge

development.Rather,thefuture-focusededucationliteraturesuggestsweneedtoadopta

muchmorecomplexviewofknowledge,onethatincorporatesknowing,doingandbeing.

Alongsidethisweneedtorethinkourideasabouthowourlearningsystemsareorganized,

resourcedandsupported.Researchclearlyshowsthatpeopledonotlearnwellaspassive

recipients（接受者）ofpre-packaged,bite-sizedpiecesofknowledge.@

Althoughsomeoftheseprinciplesareunderstoodbymanyteachers,oureducation

systemsandpracticesareoftensetupinwaysthatdonotsupporttheseprinciplestooperate

inpractice.Teachersandschoolleadersareattemptingparadigm（范式）shifts.⑤

A.Thereneedstobewiderpublicsupportforthem.

B.Therearetwoimportantideasthatsupportthiswork.

C.Thisdoesnotmeanthatknowledgenolongermatters.

D.Goodlearningrequiresactiveengagementinthe“wholegame”.

E.Wearerequiredtoprepareyoungpeoplefortheknowledgeage.

F.Thisispossibleonlywhenactivelearningapproachesareapplied.

G.Intheknowledgeage,theabilitytogeneratevalueisputinthefirstplace.

三、完形填空（15空）

Ourlittledog,Dio,hadgrowntotenpoundsbeforeIcouldteachhimhowtogoupand

downthestairs.He]likeawind-uptoyonfourshortlegsandhewastop-heavy.

Anytimehetriedtowaddle（E茵跚行走）downthethreebrickstairsonourfrontporch,he

would2doingahandstandwithhistailwavinginthe3.Therefore,therewasno

wayhecould4theseventeenstepsbetweenthetwo5ofourhouse.Itwasupto

meto6himupstairsandwhenhewantedtocomedownagainhewouldstayatthetop

ofthestairs,barking7formyattention.

Oncehislittlelegswere8enoughtokeephisfatbellyfromscraping（副蹭）every

stair,Idecideditwastimeforhimto9togodownstairsonhisown.Hehatedevery

secondoftheprocess一1。thetreatsIgavehimatthebottomofeachstep.Iwould

pat（轻拍）himfirst,thenholdhisfrontlegsand11placethemonthenextstepdown

andthenhisbacklegs.Then,Igavehimatreat.Oncehestoppedshivering（哆嗦），Iwould

12himdowntothenextstepthesameway.Bythetimewegottothebottom,hewould

runoff,13thatIhadmadehimfacehisfear.

Oneday,Inoticedhimgohalfwayupthestairs,stop,14,andthenrunbackdown

thestairsonhisown.Hewasdoingthisrepeatedly.Hewas15!Afterthatday,he

becameanexpertattakingthestairs.

17.A.rolledB.walkedC.stretchedD.shook

18.A.cheerupB.standupC.showupD.endup

19.A.airB.distanceC.openD.light

20.A.avoidB.careaboutC.manageD.knockinto

21.A.roomsB.stairwaysC.wallsD.floors

22.A.carryB.hideC.feedD.lead

23.A.madlyB.willinglyC.pitifullyD.shamelessly

24.A.strongB.longC.flexibleD.heavy

25.A.seekB.pretendC.learnD.expect

26.A.insteadofB.thankstoC.dependingonD.exceptfor

27.A.gentlyB.randomlyC.quicklyD.awkwardly

28.A.driveB.followC.throwD.help

29.A.upsetB.disappointedC.regretfulD.suspicious

30.A.goforwardB.runaboutC.turnaroundD.getaway

31.A.watchingB.practicingC.thinkingD.withdrawing

四、短文填空

32.AmuseumshowcasingthecultureoftheGrandCanalisexpectedtoopeninBeijing

nextweek.Some6,000itemsorsetsofexhibits®（close）relatedtoBeijingand

theancientcanalaretobedisplayed.

“TheGrandCanalMuseumofBeijing,alsocalledtheCapitalMuseumEastBranch,②

(locate)intheBeijingMunicipalAdministrativeCenterandhas③

totalfloorareaof99,700squaremeters/9saidFengHao,whois(4)chargeof

museumcollectionsattheCapitalMuseum.

Withadailycapacityof6,000visitors,thenewmuseumisdesigned®

(combine)boats,sailingandwaterelements,showcasingthecultureoftheGrandCanal.

Theexhibitionareaconsistsofbasic,(6)(theme),open,andtemporary

exhibition⑦(section)."Visitorscanenjoyaninteractiveexperience(8)

(reflect)thethemesofBeijingandtheGrandCanalintheopenexhibitionsection

through®(digit)technology,Fengsaid.

Withahistoryofmorethan2,500years,theGrandCanalconnectsBeijingand

HangzhouinEastChina'sZhejiangProvince,⑩servedasasignificant

transportationrouteinancientChina.

五、书面表达

33.假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Paul给你发邮件说他对中国成语感兴趣，想学习

更多的中国成语。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：

1.你对中国成语的认识；

2.学习中国成语的建议。

注意：

L写作词数应为80个左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

DearPaul,

Yours,

LiHua

六、读后续写

34.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短

文。

EversinceIcametoworkinmypresentcompanyfiveyearsago,Ihaveheardabouta

smallrestaurantnearbycalledLoveDad.Everybodybelievesthatitisownedbysomebody's

lovingdad.Therestaurantdoesgivethedinersasenseofhome.Thefurnishingsarehomely,

withdiningareaslookinglikefamilydiningrooms.Bestofall,theyhavehand-drawncards,

whichdinerscantakeawaywiththemwhencheckingout.Therestaurantdoesn'thavea

menu.Youneverknowwhatwillbeserveduntilyoucometoitsdoorwitha"servedtoday”

noticehangingtoit.

WheneverIpassby,Ijustcan'thelpenteringtoenjoythehomelyatmosphere.It'sa

reminderofmyownhomeandmydad,whowillprepareagreatdinnerforthefamilyevery

day.Dadisamanagerinaconstructioncompanyandagreatcookathomeandnotonlya

greatcook.Heisthekindofhero-likefatherathome,whocanfixeverythinginthehome

anddealwithallproblems.Asmyparentsliveinanothercity,thissmallhomelyrestaurantis

whereIchoosetogotocomfortmyhomesickness.

Curiosityaboutwhosedadtheowneroftherestaurantishasalwaysbeenthereamong

myworkmateswhoareitsregularcustomersbutitseemsthatnobodyhasaclue.Itdoesn't

mattermuchasallofthemcangetatasteofhomethere.

Lastmonth,whenIwashomefortheChristmasbreak,myparentstalkedtomeabout

theirplanforretirementandImentionedtherestaurantLoveDadtothem.Weallthoughtit

wouldbegreatifMomandDadcouldjointherestaurantinsomeway.Theyaskedmeabout

theexactlocationofitanddecidedtodealwiththematterthemselves.

注意：

1.续写词数应为150个左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Oneweeklater,IgotanemailfromDad.

Oneday,IwassittinginLoveDadagain.

参考答案

1.答案：D

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段"Backinthe18thcentury,Brazilstartedgrowingcoffee.

（早在18世纪，巴西就开始种植咖啡。）"；第二段"CoffeefounditswaytoVietnaminthe

1800s.（咖啡在19世纪进入越南。）"；第三段"CoffeewasintroducedintoColombiainthe

early1700s.（咖啡在18世纪早期被引入哥伦比亚）”以及最后一段“Indonesiahasalong

coffeehistorythatgoesbacktothe1600s,whichhasitsshareofupsanddowns.（E|3尼有着

悠久的咖啡历史，可以追溯到17世纪，其间有起有落。）”可知，Indonesia是种植咖啡

最早的。故选D。

2.答案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“TheyalsomakeafamousCappuccino（卡布奇诺咖啡）

notfoundelsewhere-famousbecauseitgetsadoseofraweggifthafstoyourliking.（他们

还制作了一款在其他地方找不到的著名的卡布奇诺——出名是因为如果你喜欢的话，

它会加一些生鸡蛋。）”可知，越南的特别之处在于那里生产一种独特的咖啡饮料。故

选Ao

3.答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段"Braziliansarewildaboutdrinkingtheircoffeeand

consumeitalldaylong.（巴西人喜欢喝咖啡，整天都在喝。）”和第三段中“Colombians

typicallystarttheirmorningwithatinto.Ifsasmallcupofblackcoffeethafssweetened

withsugar.（哥伦比亚人通常以一杯tinto开始他们的早晨。它是一小杯加糖的黑咖

啡。厂可知，巴西和哥伦比亚的共同之处是都有喜欢喝咖啡的人。故选B。

4.答案：C

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“Asadoctoralstudent,Iservedasahostessforfamous

authorsandillustratorswhentheycametoparticipateintheOhioStateUniversityChildren's

LiteratureConference.Ihostedsuchbelovedcreatorsofchildren'sbooksasNikkiGrimes,

JerryPinkneyandJamesRansome.（在读博士期间，我为前来参加俄亥俄州立大学儿童文

学大会的著名作家和插画家担任主持人。我邀请了尼基・格莱姆斯、杰里・平克尼和詹姆

斯・兰瑟姆等受人喜爱的儿童书籍创作者）”可知，当James参加会议时，是作者接待了

他，从而接触。故选C。

5.答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“IwantedtoseewhatwouldhappenwhenIexposedten

AfricanAmericanfamilieswithchildrentobooksbyandaboutAfricanAmericans.I

providedeachofthefamilieswithcopiesofsevenbooks,fiveofwhichwereillustratedby

James.（我想看看当我让十个有孩子的非裔美国家庭阅读非裔美国人写的和关于非裔美

国人的书时会发生什么。我给每个家庭提供了七本书，其中五本是詹姆斯的插图厂可

知，James是一个非裔美国人。故选B。

6.答案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Thefamiliesparticipatedinaseriesoffivemonthly

workshops,andthefinaleventwasapresentationbyJamesandanautographsessionwith

him.Ibelievedthiseventwouldbeameaningfulwaytoendtheprogram,byhavinga

famousillustratorofchildren'sliteraturecomeandtalkabouthiswork,especiallybecause

thefamiliesandIhadreadandrespondedtoseveralofhisbooksoverthecourseofthefive

workshops.（这些家庭参加了一系列每月五个的研讨会，最后的活动是詹姆斯的演讲和

他的签名会。我相信这次活动将是结束这个项目的一个有意义的方式，让一位著名的

儿童文学插画家来谈谈他的作品，特别是因为我和我的家人在五个研讨会的过程中阅

读并回应了他的几本书）”可知，James在家庭扫盲计划中，对家庭发表了讲话。故选

Ao

7.答案：D

解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段"James'svisitwasinformativeandenlighteningforthe

families.Aparent,Ashley,toldmethatshesentanotetoherson'steacherabouthaving

participatedintheprogramandloanedherson'sautographedcopiesofJames'sbooksforthe

classtoread.Lookingbackovermycareer,thisfamily-literacyprogramisoneofthe

accomplishmentsofwhichIamtheproudest,andIamespeciallypleasedthatJameswaspart

ofit.（詹姆斯的访问对这些家庭来说是有益的和有启发的。一位名叫阿什利的家长告诉

我，她给儿子的老师发了一张便条，告诉他自己参加了这个项目，并把儿子亲笔签名

的詹姆斯的书借给了全班学生阅读。回顾我的职业生涯，这个家庭扫盲计划是我最自

豪的成就之一，我特别高兴詹姆斯是其中的一员）”可推知，Ashley对James的态度是

“欣赏的”。故选D。

8.答案：A

解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“Theboyswereleftinthedarkabouttheexperiment.

（孩子们对实验一无所知。）”和第二段中“However,thecampers5parentsknewthattheir

childrenwereactuallyparticipatinginaresearchstudy.（然而，营员的父母知道他们的孩

子实际上是在参与一项研究。）”可知，1954年实验中的营员参加了一个象征性的夏令

营。故选A。

9.答案：D

解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“Afterashortperiodoftime,theboysbecameawareof

theexistenceoftheothergroupandbegantospeaknegativelyabouttheothergroup.（过了很

短的一段时间，男孩们开始意识到另一个群体的存在，并开始说另一个群体的坏

话。）”可知，男孩对另一组的消极态度始于意识到另一个群体的存在。故选D。

10.答案：C

解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“Next,Sherifandhisworkmatestriedhavingthetwo

groupsworkoncommongoals.Forexample,thecamp'swatersupplywascutoffpurposely

bytheresearchers,andtheEaglesandtheRattlersworkedtogethertofixtheproblem.（接下

来，谢里夫和他的同事们试着让两个小组为共同的目标而努力。例如，研究人员故意

切断了营地的供水，老鹰队和响尾蛇队共同努力解决了这个问题。）”可知，营地的供

水被切断了是为了让两组人为了一个共同的目标而工作。故选C。

11.答案：D

解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Afterashortperiodoftime,theboysbecameaware

oftheexistenceoftheothergroupandbegantospeaknegativelyabouttheothergroup.Then

theresearchersarrangedacompetitivetournamentbetweenthegroups,consistingofgames

suchasbaseballandtug-of-warandtherelationshipbetweenthetwogroupsquicklybecame

tense.Thecampersratedtheirowngroupmorepositivelythantherival（对立）group.（过了

很短的一段时间，男孩们开始意识到另一个群体的存在，并开始说另一个群体的坏

话。然后，研究人员在两组之间安排了一场竞争性比赛，包括棒球和拔河等游戏，两

组之间的关系很快变得紧张起来。营员们对自己那一组的评价比对手那一组更积

极。广可知，在这个实验过程中，两个组的孩子们在得知对方存在的时候，就开始表

现出敌意，后面的研究项目是看在什么情况下敌意会加剧，什么情况下敌意会被消

除。故可推知，Sherif的实验可以得出结论：群体成员倾向于反对群体外成员。故选

Do

12.答案：D

解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容“ForthehistoryoflifeonEarth,organismshave

reliedonthelightofthesun,moon,andstarstofindtheirwayandscheduletheirlives.While

thebeginningofelectriclightinginthelate19thcenturymayhavebenefitedhumans,ithas

causedproblemsinthenaturalworld.Amongtheimpactsofartificiallightatnight（ALAN）,

lightpollutionluresmigratingbirdstocitieswithshockingconsequences,contributestothe

alarmingdeclineininsectpopulations,andconvincesseaturtlebabiestoamble（缓行）away

fromthewaterinsteadoftowardsit.（在地球上生命的历史中，生物一直依靠太阳、月亮

和星星的光来找到自己的路，安排自己的生活。虽然19世纪末开始的电灯可能给人类

带来了好处，但它也给自然界带来了问题。在夜间人造光（ALAN）的影响中，光污染将

候鸟吸引到城市，带来令人震惊的后果，导致昆虫数量惊人的下降，并使海龟宝宝远

离水而不是靠近水。户可知，文章第一段介绍了始于19世末的人造光源对自然产生的

不好的影响，结合第二段“Now,anewstudyfromtheUniversityofPlymouthaddsanother

disappointingfindingabouthowALANisaffectingthecreatureswithwhomwesharethe

planet:Lightpollutionfromcoastalcitiescantrickcorals（珊瑚）intoreproducingoutsideof

theoptimumtimeswhentheywouldnormallyreproduce4现在，普利茅斯大学的一项新研

究增加了另一个令人失望的发现，即ALAN如何影响与我们共享地球的生物：沿海城

市的光污染会诱使珊瑚在正常繁殖的最佳时间之外繁殖。厂讲述文章主题是阐述人造

光对于珊瑚的危害可推断，第一段的目的是提出提供了背景信息。故选D。

13.答案：B

解析：词句猜测题。分析句子可知，后面的定语从句“whentheywouldnormally

reproduce（当它们正常繁殖的时候）”修饰theoptimumtime可知“theoptimumtimes”指的

是“珊瑚正常的繁殖时间”，所以画线词与appropriate"合适的，恰当的”。故选B。

14.答案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中“Thecompletelossofcoralsisanticipated

overthenext100years.（预计珊瑚将在未来100年内完全消失。）“可知，研究人员最大

的担心是珊瑚的灭绝。故选A。

15.答案：C

解析：主旨大意题。通读全文特别是第二段“Now,anewstudyfromtheUniversityof

PlymouthaddsanotherdisappointingfindingabouthowALANisaffectingthecreatureswith

whomwesharetheplanet:Lightpollutionfromcoastalcitiescantrickcorals（珊瑚）into

reproducingoutsideoftheoptimumtimeswhentheywouldnormallyreproduce.（现在，普

利茅斯大学的一项新研究增加了另一个令人失望的发现，即ALAN如何影响与我们共

享地球的生物：沿海城市的光污染会诱使珊瑚在正常繁殖的最佳时间之外繁殖。广可

知，本文主要介绍了海滨城市的照明对珊瑚的影响。这些照明产生的光会使珊瑚比不

受光污染的珊瑚产卵早，从而对其产生不利影响，因此C项“海岸灯光诱使珊瑚提早

产卵”为合适的标题。故选C。

16.答案：①-⑤BGCDA

解析：①根据下文“Oneisashiftinthemeaningofknowledge,andtheotheristheneedto

buildeducationsystemsbasedaroundwhatwenowknowaboutleaming.^^（一个是知识意

义的转变，另一个是建立基于我们现在对学习的了解的教育系统的需要。）可知，这

里提出了两种观念，因而空处应是对后文内容的提示，阐述有两种观点。选项

B"Therearetwoimportantideasthatsupportthiswork."（有两个重要的观点，可以支持这

项工作。）符合题意，故选B项。

②/艮据上文“Theterm"'knowledgeage"or""knowledgeeconomy^^referstoareorganization

awayfromanIndustrialAgeeconomy,whereexploitation（开采）ofnaturalresources,

primaryproductionandmassproductionwerethestandardmodelsforeconomic

development."（“知识时代”或“知识经济”一词指的是工业时代经济的重组，在工业时

代，自然资源的开发开采、初级生产和大规模生产是经济发展的标准模式。）提到了工

业时代的情况。所以空处应该承接前文，讲述知识时代的情形。选项G"Inthe

knowledgeage,theabilitytogeneratevalueisputinthefirstplace.^^（在知识时代，仓1J造价

值的能力被放在首位。）开始讲述知识时代的情况，和前文的工业时