高考英语阅读题型七选五魔法带练(08)+讲义

Whenstudentsgethome,theyusuallysitdownatthetableandpullouttheirhomework.Pilesofpapersriseallthewaytotheceiling.Americanstudentsshouldgetlesshomeworkonadailybasis.1Loadsofhomeworkcancausestressinastudentandleadtohealthissuesinthebodyandmind.Stresscauseslackofsleep,slippinggrades,tiredness,unhealthyeatinghabits,depression,andsoon.Nervousbreakdownscanmakecompletinghomeworkmuchmoreofastruggleandalsoeffectthehealthandlifeofastudent.2Therecommendedamountis10minutestimesthegradelevel.Sofirstgradegets10minutes;secondgradegets20minutes;thirdgradegets30minutes,andsoon,butkidsaredoingmuchmorethanthat.Twentythreepercentof13-year-oldsdomorethan2hoursanight.3Thereisnoacademicbenefitforhighschoolstudentsafter2hoursandtherearenoacademicbenefitsformiddleschoolstudentsafter1andahalfhours.Doinghomeworkallnightcantakeawayastudent’sfreetimeandsleep.Alwaysdoinghomeworkcanleadtolesstimeforsportsandafter-schoolactivities.4Worsestill,hangingoutwithfriendsisdecreased,sothatmeansthereislesssocializing.Stayinguplateanddoinghomeworktakesawayastudent’stimetosleep.Notenoughsleepcanleavestudentstired,andatschooltheymightfocuslessorfallasleepduringclass.Shouldn’tstudentsgetlesshomeworksothattheycanbehappyandhavemoretimewithfamilyandfriends?5Ifteachersandparentstriedtoreducetheamountofhomework,therewouldbeadecreaseinstressandanxietyandanincreaseinhappiness!A．Lackofsleepcancausegreatstress.B．Themorethestudentsdo,thelesstheygetoutofdoingit.C．Administrators,teachers,andparentsneedtoaddressthisissue.D．Familytimeisalsodecreased,whichcanaddmorefamilyconflict.E．Homework-relatedanxietyandstresscanaffectschoolworknegatively.F．Kidsaredoingmorethantherecommendedamountwithnoacademicbenefits.G．Anyway,toomuchhomeworkcancausequiteafewphysicalandmentalproblems.【魔法讲解】第一步，通读全文，对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。重点关注首段和末段Whenstudentsgethome,theyusuallysitdownatthetableandpullouttheirhomework当学生回到家，他们通常坐在桌旁，拿出他们的家庭作业【小科普】由于阅读理解“七选五”文章的选材往往是结构和文意都比较清晰的说明文或议论文，因此，解题时，可首先通过快速浏览，从整体上把握文章的体裁、题材、语篇结构和脉络，掌握其大意。由于此类文章的基本结构多为“总分总”、“总分”和“分总”这三类，而首尾段和首尾句则恰好就是这里的“总”，故通常可通过快速浏览每段的首句和尾句来获得文章的主旨大意。第二步，定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。Shouldn’tstudentsgetlesshomeworksothattheycanbehappyandhavemoretimewithfamilyandfriends?5Ifteachersandparentstriedtoreducetheamountofhomework,therewouldbeadecreaseinstressandanxietyandanincreaseinhappiness!原词对应+代词指代：teachersandparents;addressthisissue=reducetheamountofhomework.注意这里的address考察的是熟词僻义，address是解决的意思。【小科普】从词汇线索上判断——上下义词/同一范畴词：上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。【小科普】为了避免重复，不同的代词可指代上文提到的人、事物或事件。It可指代可数名词单数、不可数名词或整个句子；they或them指代可数名词复数；one指代可数名词单数；that指代不可数名词或句子；this指代可数名词单数或句子；these或those指代可数名词复数。Whenstudentsgethome,theyusuallysitdownatthetableandpullouttheirhomework.Pilesofpapersriseallthewaytotheceiling.Americanstudentsshouldgetlesshomeworkonadailybasis.1首先把与homework有关的关键词选项留下，得出E选项和G选项；再者我们需要根据下文提示healthissuesinthebodyandmind=physicalandmentalproblems.最后G选项当选【小科普】从词汇线索上判断——同义词/近义词：英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。Doinghomeworkallnightcantakeawayastudent’sfreetimeandsleep.Alwaysdoinghomeworkcanleadtolesstimeforsportsandafter-schoolactivities.4Worsestill,hangingoutwithfriendsisdecreased,sothatmeansthereislesssocializing.Stayinguplateanddoinghomeworktakesawayastudent’stimetosleep.Notenoughsleepcanleavestudentstired,andatschooltheymightfocuslessorfallasleepduringclass.Takeawaytime=lesstimeforsportsandafter-schoolactivities=lesssocializing;根据上述提示所以跟D选项对应。Worsestill这里显示的是递进的关系【小科普】从细节逻辑上判断——递进关系：递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。表递进：besides,furthermore,inaddition,also,worse,still,moreover,letalone…2Therecommendedamountis10minutestimesthegradelevel.Sofirstgradegets10minutes;secondgradegets20minutes;thirdgradegets30minutes,andsoon,butkidsaredoingmuchmorethanthat.Twentythreepercentof13-year-oldsdomorethan2hoursanight.3Thereisnoacademicbenefitforhighschoolstudentsafter2hoursandtherearenoacademicbenefitsformiddleschoolstudentsafter1andahalfhours.第二个空考察的是关键词对应，直接对应选上F选项【小科普】关键词法：一个单词在一个语义场中以同样的形式反复出现，有时兼有词形的变化，同（近）义祠和反义词的复现或同一个范畴词的复现等。考生解题时可以利用这些词作为解题线索。如：第三个空考察的是因果逻辑关系+转折逻辑关系；所以关键词直接对应doingmuchmorethanthat=Themorethestudentsdo【小科普】从细节逻辑上判断——因果关系：在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。表因果：asaresult,consequently,therefore,thus,hence,so,thanksto,dueto,since,because（of）…【小科普】从细节逻辑上判断——转折关系：转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。表示转折关系的连接词有：However,nevertheless,nonetheless,still；though，yet,inspiteof,atanyrate,inanycase,whoever,whatever，onthecontrary,incontrast,bycontrast,incomparison,bycomparison,conversely,otherwise，not...but，aswell等。第三步，确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案Lackofsleepcancausegreatstress.睡眠不足会造成很大的压力文章说的是做作业会导致个人时间减少，甚至会带走学生的睡眠时间；但是没有提及因为睡眠不足会导致压力增加Homework-relatedanxietyandstresscanaffectschoolworknegatively.与家庭有关的焦虑和压力会对学业产生负面影响。同样也是没有涉及。第四步，通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。Whenstudentsgethome,theyusuallysitdownatthetableandpullouttheirhomework.when引导时间状语从句当学生回到家，他们通常坐在桌旁，拿出他们的家庭作业。词汇解析：①sitdown坐下Canwesitdown?I'mwornout.我们能坐下吗？我都累坏了。②pullout摆出困境；拿出Ilikethepopyougetwhenyoupulloutacork.我喜欢你拔出瓶塞时弄出的那“砰”的一声。Pilesofpapersriseallthewaytotheceiling.成堆的文件一直堆到天花板上。Americanstudentsshouldgetlesshomeworkonadailybasis.美国学生每天的家庭作业应该少一些。词汇解析：Onadailybasis每天Onadailybasissheremindedmethatlifegoeson.她每天都提醒我，生活还要继续。Anyway,toomuchhomeworkcancausequiteafewphysicalandmentalproblems.无论如何，太多的家庭作业会导致相当多的身体和精神问题。Loadsofhomeworkcancausestressinastudentandleadtohealthissuesinthebodyandmind.大量的家庭作业会给学生带来压力，并导致身心健康问题。词汇解析：Leadto导致Apoordietwillultimatelyleadtoillness.糟糕的饮食终将导致疾病Stresscauseslackofsleep,slippinggrades,tiredness,unhealthyeatinghabits,depression,andsoon.压力会导致睡眠不足、成绩下滑、疲劳、不健康的饮食习惯、抑郁等等。词汇解析：①Lackof缺乏Shesuffersfromalackofconfidence.她深受缺乏自信心之苦。②tiredness疲劳；疲倦Tirednesswhiledrivingcankill.疲劳驾驶会出人命的。③depression抑郁，沮丧Shehadslidintoadepression.她不知不觉地抑郁寡欢起来。Nervousbreakdownscanmakecompletinghomeworkmuchmoreofastruggleandalsoeffectthehealthandlifeofastudent.精神崩溃会使完成家庭作业变得更加困难，也会影响学生的健康和生活。词汇解析：①breakdown故障，损坏She'sstillrecoveringfromherbreakdown.她精神崩溃后还在恢复中。②struggle奋斗，斗争Hegaveupthestruggleindespair.他绝望地放弃了斗争。Kidsaredoingmorethantherecommendedamountwithnoacademicbenefits.孩子们的运动量超过了推荐量，却没有任何学术上的好处。Therecommendedamountis10minutestimesthegradelevel.建议的时间是10分钟乘以年级水平。Sofirstgradegets10minutes;secondgradegets20minutes;thirdgradegets30minutes,andsoon,butkidsaredoingmuchmorethanthat.一年级有10分钟;二年级有20分钟;三年级只有30分钟，以此类推，但孩子们做的远远不止这些。Twentythreepercentof13-year-oldsdomorethan2hoursanight.23%的13岁儿童每晚睡觉超过2小时Themorethestudentsdo,thelesstheygetoutofdoingit.学生做得越多，从中得到的就越少。Thereisnoacademicbenefitforhighschoolstudentsafter2hoursandtherearenoacademicbenefitsformiddleschoolstudentsafter1andahalfhours.2小时后对高中生没有任何学习效益，1个半小时后对中学生没有任何学习效益。Doinghomeworkallnightcantakeawayastudent’sfreetimeandsleep.整晚做作业会占用学生的空闲时间和睡眠时间。词汇解析：Takeaway拿走；带走I'lltakeawaytheseteacups.我会把这些茶杯拿走。Alwaysdoinghomeworkcanleadtolesstimeforsportsandafter-schoolactivities