重庆市2023-2024学年高考适应性月考卷英语试题

第八中学2024届高考适应性月考卷（五）

英语

注意事项：

1.答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写

清楚。

2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦

干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。在试题卷上作答无效。

3.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。满分150分，考试用时120分钟。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

注意，听力部分答题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将答

案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.Whatwillthewomandowiththeman'sphone?

A.Repairit.B.Upgradeit.C.Replaceit.

2.WhatdoesJohnwantAmytodo?

A.Takethepotoff.

B.Switchtolowheat.

C.Putthesoupintobowls.

3.Whereisthewomanprobablyfrom?

A.Britain.B.Peru.C.Mexico.

4.Howhighdotheceilingstodayusuallymeasure?

A.2.3meters.B.2.7meters.C.3.0meters.

5.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?

A.Onafarm.B.Athome.C.Inasupermarket.

第二节（共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有2至4个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选

项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读各个小题;听完后，各小

题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7题。

6.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

A.Anexhibition.B.Aglassbox.C.Avase.

7.Howdoesthemanfindthewoman?

A.Knowledgeable.B.Considerate.C.Patient.

听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10题。

8.Whatdoesthemanthinkofselfhelpbooks?

A.They'reunappealing.B.They'repractical.C.They'reridiculous.

9.Whatisthebookabout?

A.Lifeinthecountry.B.Personalexperience.C.Anaturaldisaster.

10.Whafstherelationshipofthetwospeakers?

A.Colleagues.B.Classmates.C.Opponents.

听下面一段对话，回答第u至第13题。

11.Whatisthechangeofthecat?

A.Shebeesinactive.

B.Sheeatsmore.

C.Shesleepsbadly.

12.Whatisthewoman'ssuggestion?

A.Observingthecafsbelly.

B.Givingthecatsomemedicine.

C.Stoppingfeedingthecattemporarily.

13.Wheremightthemangofirst?

A.Ahospital.B.Astore.C.Hishome.

听下面一段对话，回答第14至第17题。

14.Whatistheman'sopiniononthecitylife?

A.Ifsconvenient.B.Ifsboring.C.It'smessy.

15.Whatwouldthewomanprefertodo?

A.Chaseagoat.B.Seeaparkshow.C.Haveatruckride.

16.Whatisthewildestthingonthesubwayforthewoman?

A.Safebelts.

B.Occasionalanimals.

C.Irregularperformances.

17.Whatwillthespeakersdoafterlunch?

A.Paintafence.B.Ridethesubway.C.Singcountrymusic.

听下面一段独白，回答第18至第20题。

18.Whocantakethelessons?

A.A3yearoldswimlover.

BA9yearolddisabledpupil.

C.An18yearoldswimmer.

19.WhatistaughtintheFoundationlessons?

A.Skillsatwaterrescue.

B.Knowledgeofwatersafety.

C.Basicsofswimmingmovements.

20.Whatistheprizeforthoseremendingfriends?

A.Reductioninprice.B.Extralessons.C.Freeswimwear.

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

DAYTRIPITINERARY（行程）

AfterawarmreceptionfromyourtourmanageratyourdedicatedpickuppointinLondon,settleinyourfortable

coachaswesetoffonourjourneytowardsStonehenge.Theworld'smostfamousprehistoricmonumenthasinspired

peopletostudyandinterpretitforcenturies,yetmanyquestionsremaintobeanswered-aboutwhobuiltit,when,

andwhy.

AftervisitingStonehenge,wedrivetoWindsorCastle,whichishometoroyaltyand1,000yearsofroyalhistory.

ThestunningDacresiteisthelargestandoldestoccupied,workingcastleintheworld.Therearemanyfamous,

mustseemomentswithinthesespectacularroomsinthecastle,likethegrandWaterlooChamberandthemagnificent

CrimsonDrawingRoom.

Intheearlyevening,wemakeourwaytowardsLondonandproceedtowardsyourrespectivedropoffpoints

andbidfarewelltoallfriendsyouhavemadeonthetour.

ESSENTIALSTOCARRYWITHYOU

Weremendyouwearfortableclothingandcarryessentialssuchasajacketorjumper,drysnacks,water,tissues,

chargers,powerbank,etc.,inyourhandbagasaccesstotheluggageholdisonlypossibleuntilafortstoporarrival

atyourdestination.Hotfoodsarenotallowedtobecarriedorconsumedinsidethecoach.

PICKUPPOINTS

NameAddressTimes

HarrowOutsideMcDonalds,363StationRoad,Harrow,LondonHAI2AW07:15

HounslowOutsideHounslowWestStation,BathRoad,LondonTW33DH08:00

KentonMANTRAHOLIDAYS,296KentonRoad,Harrow,LondonHA38DD07:00

ClickheretogothroughthegeneralinformationandTerms&Conditionsbeforebookingandtravelling.

1.Howmanytouristspotswilltheparticipantsvisit?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.

2.Itisadvisedtoputyouressentialsinthehandbagbecause.

A.theluggageholdisinaccessiblewhenthebusisinmotion

B.theyarenotallowedtobecarriedinsidethecoach

C.ifsconvenientforyoutoenjoyhotfoods

D.driversarelikelytoaccessthem

3.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?

A.Ajournal.B.Awebpage.

C.Atravelbrochure.D.Amagazine.

【答案】l.A2.A3.B

【解析】

【导语】本文是应用文。详细地介绍了从伦敦出发前往斯通亨奇巨石阵和温莎城堡的一日游行程，包括景

点的介绍、参观顺序、以及游客需要携带的物品等。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段"Afterawarmreceptionfromyourtourmanageratyourdedicatedpickuppointin

London,settleinyourfortablecoachaswesetoffonourjourneytowardsStonehenge.（在伦敦的专门接机点，您

的旅游经理热情接待您后，我们将在舒适的大巴上安顿下来，开始前往巨石阵的旅程）”以及第二段

“AftervisitingStonehenge,wedrivetoWindsorCastle,whichishometoroyaltyand1,000yearsofroyal

history.（参观完巨石阵后，我们开车前往温莎城堡，这里是皇室的家，有着1000年的皇家历史）”可知，参

加者将参观两个旅游景点。故选A项。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据ESSENTIALSTOCARRYWITHYOU下的“Weremendyouwearfortableclothingand

carryessentialssuchasajacketorjumper,drysnacks,water,tissues,chargers,powerbank,etc.,inyour

handbagasaccesstotheluggageholdisonlypossibleuntilafortstoporarrivalatyourdestination^我们建议您穿

舒适的衣服，并在您的手提包中携带必需品，如夹克或套头衫，干零食，水，纸巾，充电器，充电宝等，

因为只有在舒适的中途停留或到达目的地时才能使用行李舱）“可知，建议把你的必需品放在手提包里，因

为公共汽车行驶时，行李舱是无法接近的。故选A项。

【3题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段“ClickheretogothroughthegeneralinformationandTerms&Conditionsbefore

bookingandtravelling.（在预订及旅行前，请按此浏览一般资料及条款及条件）”可知，Clickhere只会出现在

网页当中，所以推知本文来自一个网页。故选B项。

B

Itallstartedwithasimplequestion:"CanIpaintyourportrait?^^

Onedayinthesummerof2015,Petersonwasrelaxinginhislivingroom,readingthebookLoveDoes,about

thepowerofloveinaction,whenhisquietwasdisturbedbyahomelessmanoutsidehisapartment.Inspiredbythe

book'spassionatemessage,Petersonmadeadecision;Hewasgoingtogooutsideandintroducehimself.

Inthatfirstconversation,Petersonlearnedthattheman'snamewasMattFaris.He'dmovedtoSouthern

CaliforniafromKentuckytopursueacareerinmusic,buthesoonfellonhardtimesandendeduplivingonthestreet

formorethanadecade.UIsawbeautyonthefaceofamanwhohadn'tshavedinprobablyayear,becausehisstory,

thelifeinsideofhim,inspiredme,“Petersonrecalled.Therefore,PetersonaskedifhecouldpaintFaris9sportrait.

Farisagreed.

Peterson'sconnectionwithFarisledhimtoformFacesofSantaAna,anonprofitorganizationfocusedon

befriendingandpaintingportraitsofmembersofthemunitywhoareunhoused.Petersonsellsthepaintingsformoney,

splittingtheproceedsandputtinghalfintoa“loveaccount“forhismodel.Hethenhelpspeopleusethemoneytoget

backontheirfeet.

ManyofPeterson'snewfriendsusethedonationstosecureimmediatenecessities——medicalcare,hotelrooms,

food.Farisusedthefundsfromhisportraittorecordanalbum,fulfillinghismusicaldreams.Anothersubject,

KimberlySondoval,hadneverbeenabletofinanciallysupportherdaughter.Sheasked,4tCanIusethemoneytopay

mydaughter'srent?^^Whenthecheckwasdelivered,"Theybothweptinmyarms,“Petersonrecalls.

Petersonhaspainted41oftheseportraitshimself.Butthere?smoretothefinishedproductsthanthemoneythey

bringtosomeonewho'sdownandout.He'sdiscoveredthatthebuyerstendtoconnecttothestoryofthepersonin

thepainting,findingsimilaritiesandoftenfriendshipwithsomeonetheymighthaveotherwiseoverlookedor

stereotyped.

“Peopleoftentellme,‘Iwastheonethatwouldcrossthestreet,butIseehomelesspeopledifferentlynow,^^^

Petersonsays."Ididn'tknowthatwouldhappen.

4.WhatmadePetersonstartaconversation?

A.Thecuriosityaboutstrangers.B.ThetouchingstoryofMattFaris.

C.Thedisturbancebyahomelessman.D.ThesympatheticmessageinLoveDoes.

5.WhatdoweknowaboutFacesofSantaAna?

A.Itpaysthehomelesssalaries.

B.Itisanofficialnonprofitorganization.

C.IttriestorestorethelivesofPeterson'smodels.

D.Itspendsallthemoneyonhelpingtheunhoused.

6.Afterbuyingaportrait,abuyermightviewthehomelessas.

A.lazyandpoorB.oddbutinspiring

C.disturbinganduntidyD.pitifulbutrespectable

7.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthistext?

A.ArtwithPurpose:LoveAccountMatters

B.HopeinPaintings:HelpKnowsNoRace

C.Facesofpassion:PaintingaNewPerspective

D.EncounterwithStrangers:EmbracingNewFriends

【答案】4.D5,C6.D7.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过叙述Peterson与无家可归者MattFaris的相遇以及后续创立Facesof

SantaAna组织的故事，展示了Peterson如何通过绘画帮助那些生活困难的人，并改变了人们对待无家可归

者的态度。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段“Onedayinthesummerof2015,Petersonwasrelaxinginhislivingroom,readingthe

bookLoveDoes,aboutthepowerofloveinaction,whenhisquietwasdisturbedbyahomelessmanoutsidehis

apartment.Inspiredbythebook'spassionatemessage,Petersonmadeadecision;Hewasgoingtogooutsideand

introducehimself.(2015年夏天的一天，彼得森正在客厅里放松，读着《爱的力量》(LoveDoes)这本书，这

本书讲述了爱在行动中的力量，这时他的安静被公寓外的一个无家可归的人打破了。受到书中富有同情心

的信息的启发，彼得森做出了一个决定；他要到外面去做自我介绍）”可知，LoveDoes中的同情信息让彼

得森开始谈话。故选D项。

【5题详解】

细节理解题。根据第四段“Peterson飞connectionwithFarisledhimtoformFacesofSantaAna,anonprofit

organizationfocusedonbefriendingandpaintingportraitsofmembersofthemunitywhoareunhoused.（彼得森与

法里斯的联系促使他成立了FacesofSantaAna,这是一个非营利组织，专注于帮助无家可归的社区成员，

并为他们画肖像）”可知，FacesofSantaAna是一个非营利组织。故选C项。

【6题详解】

推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Petersonhaspainted41oftheseportraitshimself.Butthere9smoretothe

finishedproductsthanthemoneytheybringtosomeonewho'sdownandout.He'sdiscoveredthatthebuyerstend

toconnecttothestoryofthepersoninthepainting,findingsimilaritiesandoftenfriendshipwithsomeonethey

mighthaveotherwiseoverlookedorstereotyped」彼得森自己画了41幅这样的肖像。但成品带给落魄之人的不

仅仅是金钱。他发现，买家倾向于与画中人物的故事联系起来，找到相似之处，往往与他们可能被忽视或

刻板印象的人建立友谊）”可知。在买了一幅肖像后，买家之前是忽视无家可归的人，现在会和他们建立友

谊，所以会把无家可归者视为可怜但可敬的人。故选D项。

【7题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第四段“Peterson'sconnectionwithFarisledhimtoformFacesofSantaAna,anonprofit

organizationfocusedonbefriendingandpaintingportraitsofmembersofthemunitywhoareunhoused.Peterson

sellsthepaintingsformoney,splittingtheproceedsandputtinghalfintoa"loveaccount“forhismodel.Hethen

helpspeopleusethemoneytogetbackontheirfeet（彼得森与法里斯的联系促使他成立了FacesofSantaAna,

这是一个非营利组织，专注于帮助无家可归的社区成员，并为他们画肖像。彼得森把这些画卖掉赚钱，分

成一半存入模特的“爱情账户”。然后，他帮助人们用这笔钱重新站起来）”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要

讲述了Peterson如何通过绘画帮助那些生活困难的人，并改变了人们对待无家可归者的态度，所以C项

uFacesofpassion:PaintingaNewPerspective（同情的面孔：画一个新的视角）”是本文最好的标题。故选C

项。

C

FilmPutsJustifiableDefenseinSpotlight

Thefilm,Article20,directedbyZhangYimou,drawsitsnamefromArticle20oftheCriminalLaw,which

focusesonthesometimescontroversiallegalconceptofjustifiabledefense.Drawinginspirationfromreallifecases

ofjustifiabledefense,thefilmgainedwidespreadattentionandstruckachordwiththepublicduringtheSpring

Festivalholiday.Themoviecallsforadetailedinterpretationoflegaltermsandurgesagainstpromisingonunlawful

conduct.

AccordingtotheCriminalLaw,whenaperson,facedwithanunlawfulattack,takesactiontoprotecthisorher

ownrightsorinterestsorthoseofothers,andtheattackeristherebyharmed,thedefenderwillbeconsideredtohave

actedinjustifiabledefenseandwillnotbearcriminalresponsibility.Forsometime,justifiabledefensehasbeen

regardedasa“dormantclause”（沉寂条款），duetotheinfluenceofmisconceptions,suchas“whoeverisinjuredor

killedisright”.

Butthetruemeaningofthelawshouldbetoincreasetheresponsibilityforwrongdoers,ratherthanburdening

goodpeople.Recentcaseshaveshownthat,forordinarycitizens,justifiabledefenseisnolongerapipedream.A

highprofilecaseinKunshan,Jiangsuprovince,in2018servedasawakeupcallandcaughttheattentionofauthorities

regardingsuchcases.Inthatcase,atrafficargumentledtoamotoristwhotookaknifewithhimconfrontinganother

man.Themotoristwaskilled,andpoliceandjudgesdeterminedthatthedefender'sactionsconstitutedjustifiable

defense.Sincethen,thejustifiabledefenseclausehasbeenappliedinseveralplacesacrossthenation.Theconcern

overjustifiabledefensereflectsthepublic'sdemandforfairness,justice,securityandruleoflaw.

LuoXiang,arenownedprofessorofcriminallawatChinaUniversityofPoliticalScienceandLaw,saidina

recentmentaboutthefilmArticle20thatthepublicandjudgesshouldavoidtakinga“godlike“perspective.Instead,

theyshouldconsiderthesituationinwhichthedefenderwasinvolved,empathizewiththedefender'sposition,and

stopthemselvesfrommakingexcessivedemandsonthedefender,Luosaid.

8.WhydidthefilmArticle20attracttheaudience'sattention?

A.ItwasreleasedduringtheSpringFestivalholiday.

B.ItisnamedafteronearticleintheCriminalLaw.

C.Itexploresreallifecasesofjustifiabledefense.

D.ItwasdirectedbyZhangYimou.

9.AccordingtotheCriminalLaw,thevictimwillbefreefromcriminalresponsibilitywhen.

A.thevictimgaveuphislegalrights

B.therobberkeptsilentabouttherobbery

C.therobberwashurtworsethanthevictim

D.thevictimknifedthearmedrobbertostoptheongoingcrime

10.WhatisthefunctionofthecaseinKunshaninParagraph3?

A.Makingparisons.B.Listingreasons.

C.Explainingmisconceptions.D.Providingevidence.

11.WhatdoesLuoXiangsuggestjudgesdo?

A.Takea“godlike“viewpointwiththepublic.

B.Putoneselfinthedefender'sshoes.

C.Demandmorefromthedefender.

D.Sidewiththeattacker.

【答案】8.C9.D10.D11.B

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述电影《第二十条》让正当防卫成为焦点。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段中“Drawinginspirationfromreallifecasesofjustifiabledefense,thefilmgained

widespreadattentionandstruckachordwiththepublicduringtheSpringFestivalholiday.（这部电影的灵感来自

真实的正当防卫案件，在春节假期期间引起了公众的广泛关注和共鸣）”可知，电影《第二十条》引起公众

的关注是因为它探讨了现实生活中的正当防卫案例，故选C。

【9题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中“AccordingtotheCriminalLaw,whenaperson,facedwithanunlawfulattack,

takesactiontoprotecthisorherownrightsorinterestsorthoseofothers,andtheattackeristherebyharmed,the

defenderwillbeconsideredtohaveactedinjustifiabledefenseandwillnotbearcriminalresponsibility^《开Ij法》

规定，受到非法攻击时，为保护自己或者他人的权益而采取行动，致使攻击人受到损害的，视为正当防

卫，不承担刑事责任）”可知，根据《刑法》规定，受害人为制止正在进行的犯罪行为而用刀刺伤持械抢劫

犯的，不承担刑事责任，故选D。

【10题详解】

推理判断题。第三段中uRecentcaseshaveshownthat,forordinarycitizens,justifiabledefenseisnolongera

pipedream.（最近的案例表明，对普通公民来说，正当防卫不再是白日梦）”提到，对普通公民来说，正当防

卫不再是白日梦，接着下文“AhighprofilecaseinKunshan,Jiangsuprovince,in2018servedasawakeupcall

andcaughttheattentionofauthoritiesregardingsuchcases.Inthatcase,atrafficargumentledtoamotoristwho

tookaknifewithhimconfrontinganotherman.Themotoristwaskilled,andpoliceandjudgesdeterminedthatthe

defender'sactionsconstitutedjustifiabledefense.（2018年发生在江苏昆山的一起备受关注的案件敲响了警钟，

引起了有关部门对此类案件的关注。在那起案件中，一场交通纠纷导致一名司机带着刀与另一名男子对

峙。驾车者被杀，警察和法官判定辩护人的行为构成正当防卫）”提到，昆山反杀案中杀害驾车者的人被判

定是正当防卫，以此来支持上文观点，故本段提到昆山反杀案是为了提供证据，故选D。

[11题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后——段中uInstead,theyshouldconsiderthesituationinwhichthedefenderwasinvolved,

empathizewiththedefender'sposition,andstopthemselvesfrommakingexcessivedemandsonthedefender,Luo

said.(相反，他们应该考虑防卫者所处的情境，同情防卫者的处境，并阻止自己对防卫者提出过高的要求，

罗说)”可知，罗翔建议法官带入防卫者的角度，设身处地为他们着想。故选B。

D

Researchershavediscoveredtheoldestblackholeeverobserved,datingfromthedawnoftheuniverse,and

foundthatitis“eating“itshostgalaxytodeath.

Theinternationalteam,ledbytheUniversityofCambridge,usedtheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST)to

detecttheblackhole,whichdatesfrom400millionyearsafterthebigbang.Theresults,whichleadauthorProfessor

RobertoMaiolinosaysare“agiantleapfbrward"，arereportedinthejournalNature.

Thissurprisinglymassiveblackholeevenexistssoearlyintheuniversechallengesourassumptionsabouthow

blackholesformandgrow.Thesizeofthisnewlydiscoveredblackholesuggeststhattheymightforminotherways:

theymightbe"bornbig5ortheycaneatmatterataratethafsfivetimeshigherthanhadbeenthoughtpossible.Like

allblackholes,thisyoungblackholedevoursmaterialfromitshostgalaxytofuelitsgrowth.

Accordingtostandardmodels,supermassiveblackholesformfromtheremainsofdeadstars,whichcollapse

andmayformablackholeaboutahundredtimesthemassoftheSun.Ifitgrewinanexpectedway,this

newlydetectedblackholewouldtakeaboutabillionyearstogrowtoitsobservedsize.However,theuniversewas

notyetabillionyearsoldwhenthisblackholewasdetected.

Theyounghostgalaxy,calledGNzll,isapactgalaxy,aboutonehundredtimessmallerthantheMilkyWay,

buttheblackholeislikelyharmingitsdevelopment.Whenblackholesconsumetoomuchgas,itpushesthegas

awayHkeanultrafastwind.This"wind"couldstoptheprocessofstarformation,slowlykillingthegalaxy,butit

willalsokilltheblackholeitself,asitwouldcutofftheblackhole'ssourceof"food''.

MaiolinosaysthatthegiganticleapforwardprovidedbyJWSTmakesthisthemostexcitingtimeinhiscareer.

"It'sanewera:thegiantleapislikeupgradingfromGalileo'stelescopetoamodemtelescopeovernight,9,hesaid.

“Theuniversehasbeenquitegenerousinwhatifsshowingus,andthisisjustthebeginning.^^

12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"devours“meaninParagraph3?

A.Changes.B.Swallows.C.Observes.D.Forms.

13.AccordingtoParagraph5,whyisGNzlllikelytobeharmed?

A.Becausethehostgalaxyistoosmall.

B.Becausetheblackholeiskillingitself.

C.Becausethe"wind"ceasesstarformation.

D.Becauseblackholesproducetoomuchgas.

14.WhatisMaiolino'sattitudetothenewdiscoveryabouttheblackhole?

A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Ambiguous.

15.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.Theblackholetookabillionyearstoachieveitssize.

B.Supermassiveblackholesareassumedtoformovernight.

C.Thenewdiscoveryofthehostgalaxyisagiantleapforward.

D.Thehostgalaxyandtheblackholecanbedestroyedbythe"wind”.

【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.D

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述研究人员发现了迄今为止观测到的最古老的黑洞，可以追溯到宇宙

诞生之初，并发现它正在“吞噬”它的宿主星系至死。

【12题详解】

词义猜测题。根据第一段中“andfbundthatitis,eating，itshostgalaxytodeath（并发现它正在‘吞噬'它的

宿主星系至死）”以及划线词前“Likeallblackholes（像所有的黑洞一样）”可知，最古老的黑洞正在吞噬它

的宿主星系至死，由此可知，划线词所在句意为“像所有的黑洞一样，这个年轻的黑洞正在吞噬来自宿主

星系的物质来促进它的成长"，devours与上文的“eating”同义，意为“吞噬”，故选B。

【13题详解】

细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Whenblackholesconsumetoomuchgas,itpushesthegasawaylikean

ultrafastwind.This"wind5couldstoptheprocessofstarformation,slowlykillingthegalaxy（当黑洞消耗太多气

体时，它会像超高速风一样将气体推开。这种‘风'可以阻止恒星形成的过程，慢慢地杀死星系）”可知，

黑洞会损害GNzll星系，是因为“风”会阻止恒星的形成，慢慢地杀死星系，故选C。

【14题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段"MaiolinosaysthatthegiganticleapforwardprovidedbyJWSTmakesthisthe

mostexcitingtimeinhiscareer.4Ifsanewera:thegiantleapislikeupgradingfromGalileo'stelescopetoa

modemtelescopeovernight/hesaid.（Maiolino说，JWST提供的巨大飞跃使这成为他职业生涯中最激动人心

的时刻。'这是一个新时代：这次的巨大飞跃就像一夜之间从伽利略的望远镜升级到现代望远镜，'他

说。）”可知，Maiolino对有关黑洞的新发现持支持态度，故选A。

【15题详解】

细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中"This'wind'couldstoptheprocessofstarformation,slowlykillingthegalaxy,

butitwillalsokilltheblackholeitself,asitwouldcutofftheblackhole'ssourceof'food'.（这种'风'可以阻止

恒星形成的过程，慢慢地杀死星系，但它也会杀死黑洞本身，因为它也会切断黑洞的‘食物’来源。）”可

知，宿主星系和黑洞可以被“风”摧毁。故选D。

第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

TheFailedNewYear'sResolution:ThreeTipstoGetonTrack

Januaryisofficiallyover,andmanypeoplearetakingstockoftheirprogresstowardsNewYear'sresolutions.

Thefactisthatyouprobablyhaven51keptupwiththemasmuchasyouhoped.Butthafsnotyourfault.16.

Ifyoufeellikeyouhavealreadyfailed,herearethreetipsbeforeyouletgo.

Practiceselfpassion

Manypeopletalktothemselvesinharshwayswhenstrugglingwithnewhabits,believingselfcriticismwillhelp

themreachtheirgoals.Researchshows,however,thattheoppositeistrue.Selfpassionismoreeffectiveforpersonal

improvement,especiallywhenfacingfailure.17,trytobekindandgentlewithyourself,justasyouwould

withalovedone.

18

Resolutionsareoftenphrasedasdefinitivegoals.Iwillexercisedaily.Iwillkickdesserts.19.But

settingallornothinggoalscanleadtoallomothingdecisionsthatonegivesupwhenfacedwithchallenges.Incontrast,

intentionsfocusmoreonyourvaluesthanspecificactions.Forexample,theresolution“Iwillexercisedaily"may

beeanintentionof“Iwanttomovemybodybecauseitfeelsgood.^^Thisapproachallowsformoreflexibilitywhen

unexpectedstressarises.

Solveproblemsbyoveringbarriers

Ifyouarestrugglingtomaintainyourdesiredhabits,thereareevidencebasedtechniquesavailabletohelpyou.

20.Thisinvolvesidentifyingthespecificbarriersthatleadtoyourquittingsomethingthatyouwanttodo.

Perhapsyoukeepforgettingthenewhabit,orperhapsyoudon'tunderstandhowtodoit.Whateveritis,identifythe

barrierandcopewithitspecifically.

A.Setallomothinggoals

B.Changeyourresolutionsintointentions

C.Onesuchskilliscalledmissinglinksanalysis

D.Settingspecificbehavioralgoalscanbeeffective

E.Ifyou'repersuadedtogiveuponyourresolutions

F.Oldhabitstendtodiehard,andnewhabitstendtodieeasy

G.Whenyouareupsetaboutyourselffornotkeepingresolutions

【答案】16.F17.G18.B19.D20.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要围绕“新年决心失败”的主题，提出了三个建议来帮助人们重新走上正

轨。

【16题详解】

木艮据前文“Januaryisofficiallyover,andmanypeoplearetakingstockoftheirprogresstowardsNewYear's

resolutions.Thefactisthatyouprobablyhaven'tkeptupwiththemasmuchasyouhoped.Butthafsnotyour

fault.（一月正式结束了，许多人都在盘点自己的新年决心。事实上，你可能没有像你希望的那样实现决

心。但那不是你的错）”可知，F项“Oldhabitstendtodiehard,andnewhabitstendtodieeasy（旧习惯难改，

新习惯易改）”是对前句说的不是你的错的进一步解释。故选F项。

【17题详解】

卞艮据前文“Manypeopletalktothemselvesinharshwayswhenstrugglingwithnewhabits,believingselfcriticism

willhelpthemreachtheirgoals.Researchshows,however,thattheoppositeistrue.Selfpassionismoreeffective

forpersonalimprovement,especiallywhenfacingfailure.（很多人在努力养成新习惯的时候会严厉地对自己

说，相信自我批评会帮助他们实现目标。然而，研究表明，事实恰恰相反。自我同情对个人进步更有效，

尤其是在面对失败的时候）”可知，本段讲述了自我同情对个人进步更有效，所以G项“Whenyouare

upsetaboutyourselffornotkeepingresolutions（当你为自己没有遵守决心而心烦意乱时）”符合本段主题，并

引出下文“trytobekindandgentlewithyourself,justasyouwouldw汕alovedone.（试着善待自己，温柔地对

待自己，就像对待你所爱的人一样）”。故选G项。

【18题详解】

分析设空，是本段小标题，根据后文^Resolutionsareoftenphrasedasdefinitivegoals.（决心通常被描述为明

确的目标）”可知，本段主题是决心，所以B项“Changeyourresolutionsintointentions（把你的决心变成行

动）”是本段的小标题，其中resolutions为同词复现。故选B项。

【19题详解】

根据前文“Iwillexercisedaily.Iwillkickdesserts.（我将每天锻炼。我不吃甜点）”以及后文"Butsetting

allornothinggoalscanleadtoallornothingdecisionsthatonegivesupwhenfacedwithchallenges.（但是，设定孤

注一掷的目标可能会导致一个人在面对挑战时放弃孤注一掷的决定）”可知，空处应和后文构成转折关系，

所以D项“Settingspecificbehavioralgoalscanbeeffective（设定具体的行为目标是有效的）”是对前文的说

明，并和后文构成转折关系，符合文意。故选D项。

[20题详解】

卞艮据前文“Ifyouarestrugglingtomaintainyourdesiredhabits,thereareevidencebasedtechniquesavailableto

helpyou.（如果你正在努力保持你想要的习惯，有一些基于证据的技术可以帮助你）”以及后文“This

involvesidentifyingthespecificbarriersthatleadtoyourquittingsomethingthatyouwanttodo.Perhapsyoukeep

forgettingthenewhabit,orperhapsyoudon'tunderstandhowtodoit.Whateveritis,identifythebarrierandcope

with