中考英语语法复习-被动语态

中考英语语法复习被动语态知识梳理01被动语态（passivevoice）是动词的一种特殊形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系，表示主语是动作的承受者,只有及物动词才有被动语态。被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，其时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。被动语态构成如下：一般现在时 am\is\are+done一般将来时 will+be+done一般过去时 was\were+done现在进行时 am\is\are+being+done过去进行时 was\were+being+done现在完成时 have\has+been+done情态动词 情态动词+be+done句式结构例句肯定句主语+was/were+过去分词+其他.Thecompetitionwasheldin2020.否定句主语+wasn’t/weren’t+过去分词+其他.Iwasn’ttoldtoattendthemeetingyesterday.一般疑问句及回答Was/Were+主语+过去分词+其他?肯定回答:Yes,主语+was/were.否定回答:No,主语+wasn’t/weren’t.—Werethetreesplantedlastyear?—

Yes,theywere./No,theyweren’t.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句Whenwasthebridgecompleted?Grammar一般过去时的被动语态基本结构：was/were+doneWhenwasthezipperinvented?Itwas

inventedin1893.Whowasitinventedby?Itwas

inventedbyWhitcombJudson.WhenwasteabroughttoKorea?Itwas

broughttoKoreaduringthe6thand7thcenturies.Whatisthehotice-creamscoopusedfor?It’s

usedforservingreallycoldice-cream.ActiveVoice:AlexanderGrahamBellinventedthetelephonein1876.PassiveVoice:Thetelephonewasinvented(byAlexanderGrahamBell)in1876.一般过去时态下的被动语态被动语态的时态Theroom

byme.Theroom

bymeyesterday.iscleanedwascleaned一般现在时的被动语态一般过去时的被动语态被动语态的时态由什么动词决定？由be动词的时态决定；be动词什么时态，该句就是什么时态①肯定句:主语+am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词+其他一般现在时的被动语态一般过去时的被动语态①肯定句:主语+

+及物动词的

+其他

was/were过去分词Presentation注意！1.

不知道动作的执行者是谁或者没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁时：ThiswatchismadeinChina,Moretreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.2.需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。如：Chinese

isspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.3.感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义这些动词有feel,look,seem,taste,sound,remain等.Thestonefeelsverycold.石头摸起来很冷.注意！4.有些及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态这些及物动词或动词短语有fit,have,marry,wish,cost,agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,belongto等.e.g.Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.你说的与我们听说的一致.注意！5.有些不及物动词组成短语后,也可构成被动语态e.g.Hewaslookeddownuponbecauseofhisegoism.他因自私而受人冷落.6.有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词,当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时,表示主语内在品质或性能,是不及物动词,用主动表示被动,这时不用被动语态常见的这类动词有write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等.e.g.Theclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗.注意！7.在主谓双宾语的结构中，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。Jacktoldusthetruth.杰克告诉了我们真相。→WeweretoldthetruthbyJack.→ThetruthwastoldtousbyJack.注意：如果是直接宾语做主语的话，谓语动词的被动语态后要加to。8.在宾语补足语的结构中，to也要还原。Iseehimplaybasketball.→Heisseentoplaybasketball.Hewasnottoldtobuythering.Theplantwasnotwateredintime.Theroomsarenotcleaned.Heisnotallowedtogoout.not主语be现在时动词过去分词not主语be过去式动词过去分词Presentation一般过去时态的被动句的否定形式是什么？Whataretheydoing?Doyouknowhowpotatochipswereinvented?PredictonTheywereinventedbyacookcalledGeorgeCrum.Butheinventedthembymistake.=byaccident/krʌm/Whenwasitinvented?Whowasitinventedby?Itwasinventedin…Itwasinventedby…Howwasitinvented?Whataretheinfluencesofit?Oneday,…Itwas

broughtto…Thepopularityofit…Manypeoplelikeit…Whoinventedthemobilephone?

Martininventedit.ItwasinventedbyMartin.Whenwasthemobilephoneinvented?It

in1973.wasinventedWhoinventedWiFi?

Dr.Johninventedit.ItwasinventedbyDr.JohnWhenwastheWiFiinvented?It

in1996.wasinvented1.Whowastheairconditioninventedby?WillisCarrier,19022.WhenwastheWiFiinvented?It

in1902.wasinventedItwasinventedbyCarrier.Tips

特殊情况含有短语的主动语态变被动语态含有双宾语的主动语态变被动语态感官动词和使役动词的被动语态不能使用被动语态的动词含有短语的主动语态变被动语态1Myfatherfixedupthehouse.Thehousewasfixedupbymyfather.Thehousewasfixedbymyfather.动词短语在变被动语态的时候，不能去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词；要当作一个整体含有双宾语的主动语态变被动语态2Tomgavemeabookyesterday.IwasgivenabookbyTom.AbookwasgiventomebyTom.当指“人”的间接宾语变为主语，指“物”的直接宾语保留不变；如果把指“物”的直接宾语变为主语，则在间接语前加to或for直接宾语做主语间接宾语做主语3Isawaheavymanenterthehouse.主动句中感官动词see/hear/watch/feel等和使役动词make/let/have等后跟省略to的动词不定式，变为被动语态时应加上不定式标志to。感官动词和使役动词的被动语态主动to出去；被动to回来口诀：一感二听三让四看Aheavymanwasseento

enterthehouse.模拟练习02Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher_____upfromchildhood.A.grow B.grew C.wasgrowing D.togrow本句感官动词seen强调的是小孩成长的整个过程，因此用seesbdo的句型。Themissingboywaslastseen______neartheriver.A.playing B.tobeplaying C.play D.toplayseen强调被人发现的男孩正在河边玩，当时的现场状况，因此用seesb.doingHisfatherheardhim______Mr.Zhangnextofficeyesterday.A.talkedto B.talkto C.speakwith D.talkingwith听到的时候谈话动作正在进行当中，因此用hearsbdoingADASelfCheckRewritethesesentencesusingthepassivevoice.1.Someonestolemywatch.

Mywatchwasstolen(bysomeone).2.Theyusedfiveeggstomakethisbigcake.

Fiveeggswereused(bythem)tomakethisbigcake

.3.Whendidtheyinventthepersonalcomputer?

Whenwasthepersonalc