福建省泉州市2024届高三年级下册第二次联合考试英语试卷(含答案)

福建省泉州市培元中学2024届高三下学期第二次联合考试英语试卷

学校：___________姓名：班级：___________考号：

一'阅读理解

DonotmissthisuniqueopportunitytoparticipateinCircleU.'swintercourseat

Humboldt-UniversitatzuBerlinwithco-studentsfromnineuniversitiesacrossEurope!

KeyInformation

•Dates:24-28Novemberplusfiveadditionalonlinesessions

•Level/targetgroup:Studentsfromallfieldsofstudy

•Costs:Schoolfeesarefreeofcharge.Participantswillreceivesupportfortheirtravel,

accommodationandlivingcosts.

•Applicationdeadline:28November,2023

HowtoApply

ApplicationsareacceptedthroughtheMoveOnwebsite.Alongwiththeapplicationform,

pleasesubmityourCVandmotivationletter,yourtranscriptofrecordsaswellasproofof

enrollment（注册）atoneoftheCircleU.universities.

*By2October,allapplicantswillbeinformedbyemailabouttheresultsoftheselection

procedure.

CourseDescription

Nomatterwhetheryoustudyarthistory,agriculturalsciences,orsomethingelse

altogether,thewinterschool“ClimateChangePolicy:HowtoTransitiontoaPost­

CarbonFuture"isforyou.Overthecourseoftwoweeks一fivedaysofonlinesessionsand

fiveinperson-youwilltakepartininteractivelectures,workshops,andpaneldiscussions,

allledbyfamousresearchersandpolicyexpertsfromacrossEurope.

•TogetherwithCircleU.students,youwillnotonlylearnaboutbasicconceptsof

climatescience,butalsodiscoverthepotentialofmitigation（缓解）actions,aswellasthe

dynamicsofclimatepolitics.

•Insmallteams,youwillanalyzeanddocumentexamplesoftheclimateimpactonyour

homeregion,andresearchsustainabilitypoliciesatyouruniversity.

1.Whatdoweknowaboutthewintercourse?

A.Itwilllastmorethantwoweeks.B.Noschoolfeesarerequiredforit.

C.Nolimitationissetonapplication.D.It'sopentostudentsofcertainmajors.

2.Whichofthefollowingshouldbecontainedintheapplicationmaterials?

A.Certificateofenrollment.B.Aself-introductionletter.

C.Recordsofpreviousactivities.D.Schoolpermissiondocuments.

3.Whatcanparticipantsacquirethroughthecourse?

A.Knowledgeaboutclimatetrend.

B.Recognitionofrelatedcoursecredit.

C.Insightsintobasicsofclimatescience.

D.Waysofrespondingtoclimatepolicies.

InthedaysbeforetheInternet,criticalthinkingwasthemostimportantskillofinformed

citizens.Butinthedigitalage,accordingtoAnastasiaKozyreva,apsychologistattheMax

PlanckInstituteofHumanDevelopment,andhercolleagues,anevenmoreimportantskillis

criticalignoring.

Astheresearcherspointout,weliveinanattentioneconomywherecontentproducers

ontheInternetcompeteforourattention.Theyattractuswithalotofemotionalandeye­

catchingstorieswhileprovidinglittleusefulinformation,sotheycanexposeustoprofit­

generatingadvertisements.Therefore,wearenolongercustomersbutproducts,andeachlink

weclickisasaleofourtimeandattention.Toprotectourselvesfromthis,Kozyreva

advocatesforlearningtheskillofcriticalignoring,inwhichreadersintentionallycontrol

theirinformationenvironmenttoreduceexposuretofalseandlow-qualityinformation.

AccordingtoKozyreva,criticalignoringcomprisesthreestrategies.Thefirstistodesign

ourenvironments,whichinvolvestheremovaloflow-qualityyethard-to-resistinformation

fromaround.Successfuldietersneedtokeepunhealthyfoodoutoftheirhomes.Likewise,

weneedtosetupadigitalenvironmentwhereattention-grabbingitemsarekeptoutofsight.

Aswithdieting,ifonetriestobankonwillpowernottoclickeye-catching“news,"he'll

surelyfail.So,ifsbettertojustkeepthemoutofsighttobeginwith.

Thenextistoevaluatethereliabilityofinformation,whosepurposeistoprotectyou

fromfalseandmisleadinginformation.Itcanberealizedbycheckingthesourceinthe

mainstreamnewsagencieswhichhavetheirreputationsforbeingtrustworthy.

Thelastgoesbythephrase“donotfeedthetrolls."Trollsareactorswhointentionally

spreadfalseandhurtfulinformationonlinetocauseharm.Itmaybeappealingtorespondto

themtosetthefactsstraight,buttrollsjustcareaboutannoyingothersratherthanfacts.So,

it'sbestnottorewardtheirbadbehaviourwithourattention.

Bysharpeningourcriticalignoringskillsintheseways,wecanmakethemostofthe

Internetwhileavoidingfallingvictimtothosewhotrytocontrolourattention,time,and

minds.

4.Whatcanwelearnabouttheattentioneconomyfromparagraph2?

A.Itofferslittleinformation.B.Itfeaturesdepressingstories.

C.ItsavestimeforInternetusers.D.Itseeksprofitsfromeachclick.

5.Whydoestheauthormentiondietersinparagraph3?

A.Todiscussthequalityofinformation.

B.Toprovethebenefitsofhealthyfood.

C.Toshowtheimportanceofenvironments.

D.Toexplaintheeffectivenessofwillpower.

6.WhatshouldwedotohandleInternettrollsaccordingtothetext?

A.Revealtheirintention.B.Turnadeafeartothem.

C.Correcttheirbehaviour.D.Sendhardfactstothem.

7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Reasonsforcriticalthinkingintheattentioneconomy.

B.Practisingtheskillofcriticalignoringinthedigitalage.

C.MaximizingthebenefitsofcriticalignoringontheInternet.

D.StrategiesofabandoningcriticalthinkingforInternetusers.

Now,anewtrialfindsantiviralmedications,whengivensoonafterachildisdiagnosed

withtype1diabetes（糖尿病），mighthelppreservethosevitalbeta（P）cells.

Antiviraldrugscouldbe"usedalone,oraspartofcombinationtreatment,torescue

insulin（胰岛素）一producingbetacellsatdiagnosisoftype1diabetes,"saidateamthat

presentedtheirfindingsattheannualmeetingoftheEuropeanAssociationfortheStudyof

Diabetes,inHamburg.So-calledbetacellsinthepancreas（胰腺）cangenerateinsulin.Butin

somecases,anuncontrolledauto-immuneresponsecausesthebodytoattackitsownbeta

cells,ruiningachild'scapacitytoproduceinsulinandcausetype1diabetes.Sopeoplewith

type1diabetesrelyoninsulininjectionstomaintainhealthybloodsugarlevelstherestof

theirlives.

Theresearchershavebeeninvestigatingtherootcausesoftheautoimmune

“malfimction“behindbetacelldestructionforyears,andtheydiscoveredthatlow-grade

infectionswithcommongermsoftenoccurinthepancreaticcellsofpeoplenewlydiagnosed

withtype1diabetes.Sowhatifthesepeopleweregivenantivirals一inthiscase,pleconaril

andribavirin一toridthepancreasoftheseinfections?

Thenewtrial,ledbyDr.Mynarek,soughttoanswerthatquestion.Theteamfollowed96

childrenaged6to15whowerealldiagnosedwithtype1diabetesinthestudy.Thechildren

wererandomlyselectedtoreceiveeitherthetwoantiviralmedicinesoraplacebo（无效对照

齐Ll）forsixmonths.Mynarek^grouptrackedC-peptideslevelsintheblood,which“mirror

theinsulinproductioninthepancreas,"implyingthatthehigherachild'sC-peptidelevelson

tests,thebettertheirpancreaswasproducinginsulin.Accordingtotheirfindings,whileC-

peptidelevelsdroppedafull24%inchildrenwhoreceivedtheplacebo,itfellbyjust11%in

thosewhogottheantivirals.Thatsuggeststhetreatmenthelpedprotectthechild'spancreatic

betacellsfromdestruction.

Theresearchersconcludedthat"furtherstudiesshouldbedonetoevaluatewhether

antiviraltreatmentcoulddelaytheprogressionofbeta-celldamageleadingtoclinicaltype1

diabetes."

8.Whafsthefunctionofbetacells?

A.Toattacktheviruses.B.Toproduceinsulin.

C.Tocausediabetes.D.Toabsorbdrugs.

9.Howdoesthenewdrugworkfbrdiabetes?

A.Tokillthegermsinfectingourpancreas.

B.Toinjectinsulintoourbody.

C.Tohelpcreatemorebetacells.

D.Topreventcommongermsfromattacks.

10.WhatdoesthetrialfindaccordingtoMynarek'sgroup?

A.Therewasnoobviousdifferencebetweenthetwogroups.

B.ThekidsgivenaplaceboshowahigherC-peptidelevelsthanothers.

C.Thekidsgivenantiviralmedicinesproducemoreinsulinthanothers.

D.Thekidstakingaplaceboproducemoreinsulinthanothers.

11.Whichisthebesttitleofthetext?

A.Therootcauseofdiabeteshasbeenfound

B.Betacellscouldbepreservedbyinsulin

C.Autoimmuneresponsecouldcausebodydiabetes

D.AntiviralmedicinescouldhelpeaseType1diabetes

Thestreets,sidewalksandroofsofcitiesallabsorbheatduringtheday,makingsome

urbanareasacrosstheUnitedStatesupto6degreesFahrenheithotterthanruralonesduring

theday——and22degreesFhotteratnight.These“urbanheatislands“canalsodevelop

undergroundasthecityheatspreadsdownward,beneaththesurface.Andbasements,subway

tunnelsandotherundergroundinfrastructurealsoconstantlybleedheatintothesurrounding

earth,creatinghotspots.Nowtheundergroundheatisbuildingupastheplanetwarms.

AccordingtoanewstudyofdowntownChicago,undergroundhotspotsmaythreatenthe

verysamestructuresthatemittheheatinthefirstplace.Suchtemperaturechangesmakethe

groundaroundthemexpandandcontract（收缩）enoughtocausepotentialdamage."Without

anyonerealizingit,thecityofChicago9sdowntownwasdeforming,“saysthestudy'sauthor

AlessandroF.RottaLoria,acivilandenvironmentalengineeratNorthwesternUniversity.

Thefindings,publishedinCommunicationsEngineering,exposea“silenthazard（危险）”

tocivilinfrastructureincitieswithsofterground一especiallythosenearwater一Rotta

Loriasays."Theremighthavebeenstructuralissuescausedbythisundergroundclimate

changethathappened,andwedidn'tevenrealize/9headds.Whilenotanimmediateordirect

dangertohumanlives,thispreviouslyunknowneffecthighlightstheimpactsofalesser-

knowncomponentofclimatechange.

Similartoclimatechangeabovethesurface,theseundergroundchangesoccuroverlong

periodsoftime."Theseeffectstookdecades,acentury,todevelop,“RottaLoriasays,adding

thatelevatedundergroundtemperatureswouldlikewisetakealongtimetodissipate（逐渐消

失）ontheirown.

Butotherresearchersinterviewedforthisstoryallsaythiswastedenergycouldalsobe

recycled,presentinganopportunitytobothcoolthesubsurfaceandsaveonenergycosts.

Subwaytunnelsandbasementscouldbeupdatedwithtechnologiestorecapturetheheat.For

example,waterpipescouldbeinstalledtorunthroughundergroundhotspotsandpickup

someoftheheatenergy.

12.Whatcanwelearnaboutthe“urbanheatislands99?

A.Theycandevelopundergroundstructures.

B.Theyareimpactedbyglobalwarming.

C.Theycandestroythegroundaround.

D.TheyonlyexistintheUnitedStates.

13.WhydoesAlessandroF.RottaLoriamention“silenthazard"inparagraph3?

A.Todiscussstructuralissues.B.Tocategorizeclimatechange.

C.Toexplainundergroundheat.D.Toemphasizetheneglectedreality.

14.Whatwilltheauthorprobablywriteaboutintheparagraphthatfollows?

A.Thefutureoftunnelsandbasements.

B.Thereusingapproachesofheatenergy.

C.Thecostofmaintainingstructures.

D.Theevolutionofundergroundenvironment.

15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.WarmingUnderground,WeakeningSurface

B.ASilverLiningofGlobalWarming

C.UrbanSilentIslandsintheMaking

D.ASilentCrisisinDowntownChicago

二、七选五

16.Theteenageyearsareprobablythemostunsettledandstressfulyearsinaperson's

life.Teensexperiencesignificantphysical,emotional,socialandcognitivechanges.And

teensoftodayfacemorechallengesastheygothroughmoreuncertaintimesofthe21st

century.①

Asteensexperiencemassivephysical,socialandemotionalchanges,thechallengesare

managingsocialexpectationsofidealbodyimages,developingtheiridentityandfinding

theirplaceintheworld.Inthepast,ateenwhowascriticizedforhisorherlargerfigureor

pimpled(有粉刺的)face,mightfeelembarrassedanddejectedinschool.②Constant

comparisonandendlesspostsofpicture-perfectimagesandlivesgiveteensgreater

pressuretofollowcurrentfashiontrends.TheWallStreetJournalreportedthatInstagram

madebodyimagesworseforoneinthreeteenagegirls.

(3)Statisticsshowthatmostcasesofcyberbullyingtakeplaceonpopularsocial

mediasitessuchasFacebook,Instagram,SnapchatsandTwitter,wherecyberbulliesmake

emotionallyscarringcomments.Thesecanbemadepubliclyonateen'ssocialmediaaccount.

(4)Asaresult,cyberbullyingcanbemorethreateningthantraditionalbullying

becauseitcanbesharedandviewedrepeatedlyonsocialmedia.Inthisageofsocialmedia,it

isalsoimportantforteenstolearntocultivatepositive,andhealthyrelationshipswithpeople.

Therehavebeenmanydiscussionsaboutnewtechnologiesandwaysofworking,suchas

artificialintelligence(AI)andautomation,whichwillimpactfuturejobs.⑤.Unlike

inthepast,thesituationisdifferenttodayasAIandautomationarecausingsomejobsto

disappear.Teenswillhavetomeetthischallengebyadoptinganattitudeoflifelonglearning,

andkeepingpaceswithtechnology.

A.Theycanalsobespreadquicklybysharingwithothers.

B.Furthermore,socialmediahastakenbullyingtoanewlevel.

C.Thefuturehasalwaysbeenadreamlandforteenstoanticipate.

D.Today,thesesamesufferingscanbeexpandedbysocialmedia.

E.Socialmedia,andtechnologicaladvancesareposingnewchallenges.

F.Additionally,socialmediaisastrongtoolforateentodefendhimself.

G.Thechallengeforateentodayispreparingforalargelyunknownfuture.

三、完形填空（15空）

TheSierraNevadarangeisincomparableinscaleandmagnificence.There'snobetter

waytoseeitthantoappreciateeveryspectacularviewwithyourownhard1My

husband,Will,ourkids（Herbie,5andArtley,11）andIplannedto2thenorthernhalfof

theJohnMuirtrailintwoweeks,which3alongthebackboneoftheHighSierra,past

lakes,andthroughdustypineforests.

Weset4beforewestarted:thiswouldbetough,butworthit.Togetourkidsmore

5,weletthemhavethemapanddecidewhentostopandrest.Inthisway,theyfelt

empowered.This6alsoresultedinHerbienearlystandingona4-footsnakeonourfirst

day,though.7,itwasearlymorningandthesnakewashalfasleep.

Fortwoweeks,theboysenjoyedthe8.Theybuiltdamsandbridgesacrossstreams,

climbedandswam.Sometimes,theyrefusedtocarrytheirpacksand9aboutfeethurting.

Butthesemomentswerefaroutweighedbyextraordinaryburstsof10andenthusiasm

——particularlywhenwe'dbeenslogging册艮难前行）uphillforhoursandamountaintop

finallycameintoview,ourkidsevendecidedweneededto11

Bythetimewefinished,wehad12countlessmosquitoes,sufferedfootpainand

hadterriblesleep.Butwewererighttobe13aboutourkids9abilities.Throughthe

14,theywill,Ihope,understandwhattheyaretrulycapableof,howperseveranceleadsto

bigger15lateron,andwhatitfeelsliketobeencouragedandsupportedsothattheycan

achievesomethinggreat.

17.A.drivingB.ridingC.runningD.walking

18.A.assessB.coverC.surveyD.measure

19.A.fliesB.returnsC.snakesD.disappears

20.A.choicesB.chancesC.situationsD.expectations

21.A.involvedB.encouragedC.relievedD.convinced

22.A.conclusionB.strategyC.attitudeD.belief

23.A.LuckilyB.StrangelyC.CasuallyD.Cheerfully

24.A.competitionB.taskC.journeyD.cooperation

25.A.botheredB.inquiredC.complainedD.forgot

26.A.energyB.laughterC.trustD.interest

27.A.drawoffB.takeoverC.helpoutD.pushon

28.A.caughtB.borneC.observedD.smoked

29.A.confidentB.anxiousC.seriousD.disappointed

30.A.trainingB.accidentC.adventureD.experiment

31.A.challengesB.rewardsC.honorsD.responsibilities

四、短文填空

32.Forcenturies,globalizationwaslargelyshapedbythesea.WhileWesternnations

rapidlydevelopedthroughcolonialexpansion(殖民扩张)，landlockednationsweretrapped

①___acycleofpoverty

Overthepastdecade,atransformativeinitiative②(launch)tobreakthiscycleand

isrecoveringtheeconomiesofinlandcountries-theBeltandRoadInitiative("一带一路

(3)wasestablishedin2013.ThisnetworkhasbroughttogethertheeconomiesofEast

AsiaanddevelopedEuropewiththevasthinterlandcountries,(4)(result)inincreased

economicandtradeexchanges,thegrowthofboomingcities,andtheemergenceofanew

centerofglobaleconomicgrowth.

Bytacklinginfrastructuredifferencesindevelopingcountries,⑤___initiativeishelping

breakobstaclesthathavelonglimitedtheirdevelopment.TheChina-LaosRailwayrealizes©

theLaopeoplelongdreamedof-transformingtheircountryfromalandlockedoneintoa

land-linkedcenter.Ithasalsofacilitatedthe⑦___(adopt)ofcleanenergyinAfrica,helping

itavoidthepollution(8)___(associate)withWesternindustrialization.

TheBeltandRoadInitiativehasattractedtheparticipationofmorethanthree-quartersof

countries®___(global),substantiallyimprovingthelivesof30%oftheworld'spopulation.

ForChina,everythingthesecountriesgainfrom⑩___(it)helpisagainfortheworld.

五、书面表达

33.假定你是李华，你校的英语报正在征稿。请你结合以下名人名言，写一篇题为

“MyUnderstandingofOptimism”的征文。

“Thepessimistseesdifficultyineveryopportunity;theoptimistseesopportunityinevery

difficult.^^

-WinstonChurchill

内容包括：1.你对该名言的理解；

2.结合生活实例；

3.你对该名言的感悟。

注意：1.写作词数应为80词左右（名言不计入总词数）;

2.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。

六、读后续写

34.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短

文。

Iwasabrokeuniversitystudent.Ishouldhavebeengoingtouniversityonascholarship

becauseIcamefromalow-incomefamily,butalast-minute£100-a-yearpayriseformy

mumpushedmyfamilyoverthethreshold（门槛）forwhatdefined"low-income“andIwas

suddenlynolongerqualifiedfor£15,000ayearinscholarshipmoney.Thisnewscameafter

rdbeenacceptedbytheuniversityandsignedthelease（租约）formyaccommodation.

Despitemyfamilynotbeinglabelledlow-incomeanymore,Istillwouldn'treceiveany

financialsupportfrommyfamilyasalltheincomewenttowardtakingcareofmydisabled

brotherandpayingtheirownbills.Itwouldbetight,butbecauseIhadsavingsfrommypart-

timejob,Idecidedtogotouniversityanyway.Afterpayingmyrent,Ihad£10.20aweekfor

everythingelseincludingfood,toiletries,andschoolsupplies.

AsIwasinanewcity,Ireallywantedtomakefriends,whichwasdifficultwhenmostof

thesocialactivitieswereexpensive.Therefore,Ijumpedatthechancetodoarelatively

cheapcoffeeshoptripwithmyroommateswhowerepleasanttome.

Ihad£20withmetogetacheapcupofcoffeeandmyfoodshoppingforafewweeks.

SoIheadedforthecoffeeshop.Whilepaying,Ipulledoutthenoteandahandfulofchange

andrealizedIcouldpaywithoutbreakingthenote,soIputitbackinmypocket.Itwasn't

untilIarrivedatthesupermarketthatIrealizedthenotewasgone.WhatshouldIdo?Iwas

desperateitwastheequivalent（相等物）oftwoweeksofmoney.Myroommateshelpedme

lookforthenote.However,itwasinvain.Finally,Iwenttoschoolempty-handed.

注意：

⑴续写词数应为150词左右；

(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Pl:Asafinalattempt,Imessagedthecoffeeshop'sFacebookpageaskingifthey'dseen

it.

P2:1said,“Oh,...Thisisn'tmine;mynotewasanoldwornone.”

参考答案

1.答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据KeyInformation中"・Costs:Schoolfeesarefreeofcharge.

Participantswillreceivesupportfortheirtravel,accommodationandlivingcosts.（•费用:学

费全免。参加者将获得旅费、住宿费和生活费的资助。）”可知，冬季课程不需要学

费。故选B。

2.答案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据HowtoApply中“Alongwiththeapplicationform,please

submityourCVandmotivationletter,yourtranscriptofrecordsaswellasproofof

enrollment（注册）atoneoftheCircleU.universities.（在提交申请表的同时，请提交您的

简历和动机信，您的成绩单以及CircleU大学之一的入学证明。）”可知，入学证明应

该包含在申请材料中。故选A。

3.答案：C

解析：细节理解题。根据CourseDescription中"・TogetherwithCircleU.students,you

willnotonlylearnaboutbasicconceptsofclimatescience,butalsodiscoverthepotentialof

mitigation（缓解）actions,aswellasthedynamicsofclimatepolitics.（与CircleU的学生一

起，你不仅会学到气候科学的基本概念，还会发现减缓行动的潜力，以及气候政治的

动态。）”可知，参与者通过课程获得深入了解气候科学的基础知识。故选C。

4.答案：D

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Astheresearcherspointout,weliveinanattention

economywherecontentproducersontheInternetcompeteforourattention.Theyattractus

withalotofemotionalandeye-catchingstorieswhileprovidinglittleusefulinformation,so

theycanexposeustoprofit-generatingadvertisements.Therefore,wearenolonger

customersbutproducts,andeachlinkweclickisasaleofourtimeandattention.（正如研究

人员指出的那样，我们生活在一个注意力经济中，互联网上的内容生产者在争夺我们的

注意力。他们用大量的情感和引人注目的故事来吸引我们，而提供的有用信息却很少,

所以他们可以让我们接触到盈利的广告。因此，我们不再是客户而是产品，我们点击的

每一个链接都是在销售我们的时间和注意力）”可知，在注意力经济中，可以让我们接触

到盈利的广告,它从每次点击中寻求利润。故选D项。

5.答案：C

解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“Successfuldietersneedtokeepunhealthyfoodoutof

theirhomes.Likewise,weneedtosetupadigitalenvironmentwhereattention-grabbing

itemsarekeptoutofsight.Aswithdieting,ifonetriestobankonwillpowernottoclickeye­

catching“news,“he511surelyfail.So,ifsbettertojustkeepthemoutofsighttobegin

with.（成功的节食者需要把不健康的食物远离他们的家。同样，我们需要建立一个数字

环境，让那些吸引眼球的东西远离我们的视线。就像节食一样，如果一个人试图依靠意

志力不去点击引人注目的“新闻”，他肯定会失败。所以，最好一开始就把它们藏起来）”

可推知，作者在第三段提到节食者，是为了强调，我们需要建立一个让那些吸引眼球的东

西远离我们的视线数字环境,展示环境的重要性。故选C项。

6.答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Trollsareactorswhointentionallyspreadfalseand

hurtfulinformationonlinetocauseharm.Itmaybeappealingtorespondtothemtosetthe

factsstraight,buttrollsjustcareaboutannoyingothersratherthanfacts.So,it'sbestnotto

rewardtheirbadbehaviourwithourattention^喷子是指故意在网上传播虚假和有害信息

以造成伤害的行为者。回复他们澄清事实可能很有吸引力，但喷子只关心惹恼别人，而

不是事实。所以，最好不要用我们的关注来奖励他们的坏行为）”可知，对付网络喷子，我

们最好对他们充耳不闻。故选B项。

7.答案：B

解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段“Butinthedigitalage,accordingtoAnastasiaKozyreva,a

psychologistattheMaxPlanckInstituteofHumanDevelopment,andhercolleagues,aneve

nmoreimportantskilliscriticalignoring.（但根据马克斯・普朗克人类发展研究所的心理学

家阿纳斯塔西娅・科兹列娃和她的同事们的说法，在数字时代，一项更重要的技能是批判

性忽视）”以及第三段“AccordingtoKozyreva,criticalignoringcomprisesthreestrategies.（K

ozyreva认为，批判性忽视包括三种策略）”后文具体介绍这三种策略，所以本文主要讲述

了在数字时代练习批判性忽视的技巧。故选B项。

8.答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“So-calledbetacellsinthepancreas（胰腺）cangenerate

insulin.（胰腺中所谓的p细胞可以产生胰岛素）”可知betacells的功能是产生胰岛素。故

选B。

9.答案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Sowhatifthesepeopleweregivenantivirals-inthis

case,pleconarilandribavirin—toridthepancreasoftheseinfections?（那么，如果给这些

人服用抗病毒药物一在这种情况下，是普莱纳尔和利巴韦林一来清除胰腺的这些感染

呢？）”可知，新药物是通过消除胰腺的感染来治疗糖尿病的。故选A。

10.答案：C

解析：推理判断题。根据第四段c肽水平和胰岛素分泌能力的关系“Mynarek'sgroup

trackedC-peptideslevelsintheblood,which“mirrortheinsulinproductioninthepancreas,5,

implyingthatthehigherachild'sC-peptidelevelsontests,thebettertheirpancreaswas

producinginsulin.（Mynarek的研究小组追踪了血液中的c肽水平，它“反映了胰腺中胰

岛素的产生”，这意味着在测试中，孩子的c肽水平越高，他们的胰腺分泌胰岛素的能

力就越强）”以及研究结果“Accordingtotheirfindings,whileC-peptidelevelsdroppedafull

24%inchildrenwhoreceivedtheplacebo,itfellbyjust11%inthosewhogottheantivirals.

Thatsuggeststhetreatmenthelpedprotectthechild'spancreaticbetacellsfromdestruction.

（根据他们的发现，服用安慰剂的儿童c肽水平下降了整整24%,而服用抗病毒药物的

儿童c肽水平只下降了H%）”可知，研究表明，服用抗病毒药物的儿童c肽水平较

高，即他们可分泌更多的胰岛素。故选C。

11.答案：D

解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段“Now,anewtrialfindsantiviralmedications,whengiven

soonafterachildisdiagnosedwithtype1diabetes（糖尿病），mighthelppreservethosevital

beta（伊cells.（现在，一项新的试验发现，在孩子被诊断为1型糖尿病后立即给予抗病

毒药物，可能有助于保护那些至关重要的0细胞）”可知这篇文章是一项研究，研究表

明服用抗病毒药物对诊断为1型糖尿病的儿童有帮助。由此可知，D选项“Antiviral

medicinescouldhelpeaseType1diabetes（抗病毒药物可以帮助缓解1型糖尿病）”适合作

本文最佳标题。故选D。

12.答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话“Nowtheundergroundheatisbuildingupas

theplanetwarms.（现在随着地球变暖，地下热量正在积聚）“可知，"城市热岛”是受到全

球气候变暖的影响。故选B。

13.答案：D

解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中AlessandroF.RottaLoria所说的“"Theremighthave

beenstructuralissuescausedbythisundergroundclimatechangethathappened,andwe

didiftevenrealize（发生的这种地下气候变化可能已经造成了建筑结构上的问题，我们

甚至没有意识到）”以及最后一句话"Whilenotanimmediateordirectdangertohumanlives,

thispreviouslyunknowneffecthighlightstheimpactsofalesser-knowncomponentof

climatechange.（虽然这不是对人类生命的直接或直接威胁，但这种以前未知的影响突显

了气候变化中一个鲜为人知的组成部分的影响）”可推知，提出“无声的危险”是想强调

地下气候变暖这一被人忽略的事实。故选D。

14.答案:B

解析：推理判断题。根据第五段“Butotherresearchersinterviewedforthisstoryallsay

thiswastedenergycouldalsoberecycled,presentinganopportunitytobothcoolthe

subsurfaceandsaveonenergycosts.Subwaytunnelsandbasementscouldbeupdatedwith

technologiestorecapturetheheat.Forexample,waterpipescouldbeinstalledtorunthrough

undergroundhotspotsandpickupsomeoftheheatenergy.（但接受采访的其他研究人员都

表示，这些浪费的能源也可以回收利用，这为冷却地下和节省能源成本提供了机会。

地铁隧道和地下室可以更新技术以重新获取热量。例如，可以安装水管穿过地下热点

并吸收一些热能）”可知，该段是介绍针对地下气候变暖提出了潜在的解决方案，即可

以通过更新地铁隧道和地下室的相关技术来回收利用热能，并举例了可通过安装水管

这种方法来获取热能。由此推知，接下来应该是介绍对这种热能的再使用方法。故选

Bo

15.答案：A

解析：主旨大意题。通过归纳各段大意可知，本文是介绍地下气候变暖对城市地面建

筑的负面影响的隐蔽性与长期性，以及介绍潜在的解决方案。由此可知，“地下变暖，

地表变弱”适合作本文的标题。故选A。

16.答案：EDBAG

解析：①根据上文“Teensexperiencesignificantphysical,emotional,socialandcognitive

changes.Andteensoftodayfacemorechallengesastheygothroughmoreuncertaintimesof

the21stcentury.（青少年经历了重大的身体、情感、社会和认知变化。今天的青少年面

临着更多的挑战，因为他们经历了21世纪更多的不确定时期）”及下文“Constant

comparisonandendless