2024届北京市西城区高三年级下册册高考英语模拟试题（二模）附答案

2024届北京市西城区高三下学期高考英语模拟试题

（二模）

本试卷共14页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。

考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，

并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Youmayhaveheardofthefamousworkplacecommunicationsoftware,Slack.Many

companiesuseSlacktovirtuallycommunicateacrossteams.Whatmostpeopledon'tknowisthat

Slack,despiteits1,wasnevermeanttoexist.Infact,thecompanywhodevelopedSlackactually

hadbeenhopingtocreatethenextpopularvideogame.Butafterraisingmillionsofdollarstofund

thegamedevelopment,thecompanyultimately2theprojectbecausethegamefailedtoattract

enoughusers.

The3goalofthecompanywasn'tachieved.However,duringtheprocessofcreatingtheir

game,somethingelsehappened.TheteamrealizedthattheEQ（4）_systemtheycreatedto

accompanythegamewasworthinvestingmoretimein.Andthey5toinventthecommunication

systemideaforoneofthefastest-growingstartups（初仓4公司）inhistory,andSlackwasbom.

Anoutcome-focusedcompanymighthavejustmovedonfromthefailedvideogameor,worse,

continuedinvestingresources,riskingfurthernegativeoutcomes.But6,thiscompanydidn'tdo

that.7,theyhadbeenpayingattentiontotheprocess.Focusingontheprocessallowedthis

companyto8andredefinetheirdesiredoutcome.

You'veprobablyheardaquoteortwoinyourlifeaboutthe9of“thejoumey^^一howoften

thejourneyismoresignificantandimpactfulthanthe10.ThecompanythatdevelopedSlack

understoodthisprinciple,andbyfocusingontheprocessratherthantheoutcome,theywereableto

achievegreatersuccessthantheyfirsthadhopedfor.

1.A.problemB.historyC.successD.limitation

2.A.tookdownB.shutdownC.cutdownD.passeddown

3.A.immediateB.generalC.realD.initial

4.A.chatB.signC.controlD.power

5.A.intendedB.managedC.pretendedD.promised

6.A.luckilyB.naturallyC.likelyD.hopefully

7.A.ThereforeB.StillC.ThusD.Instead

8.A.predictB.achieveC.adaptD.watch

9.A.originB.challengeC.importanceD.purpose

10.A.distanceB.destinationC.determinationD.direction

第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在

给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

A

In2022,topreserveChina'swetlands,alaw11(introduce)torestrictconstructionand

prohibitharmful12(activity)suchasovergrazing,overharvesting,andwastewaterdischargein

importantnationalwetlands.Sincetheimplementation(实施)ofthesemeasures,there13(be)an

increaseinthenumberofbirdsobservedwinteringinthenation'swetlands.InFebruary,theforestry

bureauinHunanprovincereported72speciesofwaterbirdsthatspentthepreviouswinterat

DongtingLake.Black-facedspoonbills,14rareandendangeredspecies,weresightedatDongting

afterafive-yearabsence.

B

Aperson'smemoryisHkeahallwithmanyrooms,somevisitedfrequently,othersuntouched

15years.Withage,sometimes,doorstocertainmemoriesbecomelocked,requiringaspecialkey

16(access)them.Thesekeysoftencomeintheformofspecificsensoryinputs-somethingyousee,

smell,touch,taste,orhear.Whenasensoryinputstimulatesreceptors,signalsaresentalongnerve

cellstothebrain,17theyareprocessedandinterpreted.Thewayoursensesconnectwithour

memoriesshowshowcomplexourmindsare.Knowingthishelpsusunderstandhowourpastaffects

howweseeandactinthepresent.

C

Bookingaflight-freeholidayiseffortlesswithBywayTravel.18(found)in2020byCatJones,

anon-carownerwhosefamilyvacationsannuallybytrainandbike,Bywayistheworld'sfirsttravel

agentthatoffers100%flight-freetrips.Thecompanyexcelsinintegratingthejourneyintothe

adventureitself,19(ensure)travelersdiscovertheinterestingplacestheywouldotherwisemissby

flyingoverthem.Presently,Bywayspecializesinflight-freeexcursionsfromtheUKtoEurope,with

planstoexpanditsflight-freetravelofferings20(global)inthefuture.

第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)

第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡

上将该项涂黑。

A

MuseumTours

TherearemanywaystovisitSAAMandtheRenwickGalleryandthey'reallfree!

GalleryToursforAllAges

•GroupTours

Grouptoursareavailablebyrequestforadultgroupsofeightormore.Choosefromavarietyof

themes,includingcurrentspecialexhibitions.Request3to4weeksinadvance.

•Walk-inTours

Walk-intoursaresometimesavailable.CheckwiththeInformationDeskwhenyouarrive.Ifawalk-

intourisscheduledforthatday:

p.m.p.m.p.m.toursstartat12:30to1:30p.m.and2:00to3:00p.m.everydayoftheweekand4:00

to5:00p.m.ThursdaythroughSunday.

p.m.ickwalk-intoursstartat12:00to1:00p.m.everydayexceptSunday.Therearenotourson

Sundays.

•Self-guidedTours

Self-guidedtoursusingyoursmartphoneareavailablethroughoutSAAM.ScantheQRcodesto

bringlotsofinformationtoyourfingertips!

AccessPrograms

FreetoursareavailableonlineandinourgalleriesatSAAMortheRenwickGallery:

-inAmericanSignLanguage(ASL);

-forpeoplewithlowvision;

-forpeoplewithmentaldisordersandtheircarepartners.

ThereisnominimumgroupsizeforAccesstours.

SchoolTours

Wewelcomelearnersofallabilitiesandfromallsettings.SchooltoursatSAAMandtheRenwick

Galleryare:

-forkindergartenthroughcollege;

-inlinewithnationalcurriculumstandards;

-interactiveandinterdisciplinary.

Schooltourslast60minutes.Wantmoretimeinthegalleries?Askaboutadditionalactivities.

Request4to6weeksinadvance.

VirtualPrograms

•OnlineSchoolTours:

-for3rdgradethrough12thgrade;

-inlinewithnationalcurriculumstandards;

-40to60minuteslong.

Request4to6weeksinadvance.

•OnlineAdultTours:

-availablebyrequest;

-45to60minuteslong;

-focusonavarietyofthemes,includinghighlightsandspecialexhibitions;

-interactiveandconversational.

Request4to6weeksinadvance.

21.Ifyouwanttotakeawalk-intour,youcanvisittheSAAMGalleryat.

A.12:00pmonMondayB.4:30pmonWednesday

C.1:00pmonSundayD.3:30pmonTuesday

22.WhatdoweknowabouttheAccessPrograms?

A.ToursareavailableinEnglishonly.

B.Thereisaminimumgroupsizeof8forAccesstours.

C.Peoplewithmentalillnesscanvisitthegallerieswiththeircarepartners.

D.Peoplewithpoorsightcannothaveaccesstothefreetoursinthegalleries.

23.Fromthepassage,wecanknow.

A.SAAMandtheRenwickGalleryofferpaidtoursfbradultgroups

B.schooltoursareconsistentwitheducationalcurriculumstandards

C.requestsfbronlinetoursshouldbemadeatleast3weeksinadvance

D.visitorscanusesmartphonestoenjoyself-guidedtoursinRenwickGallery

B

InthestateofGeorgia,onefarmerhasmadeithismissionnotonlytofeedthehungrybutto

helpthemgrowtheirownfoodintheirownbackyard.

“Mymaingoalistomakesurethatunderservedcommunitiesthathavebeenexcludedor

overlookedhaveaccesstolocallygrownfood,^^saidBobbyWilson,whooperatesthenonprofit

MetroAtlantaUrbanFarm.Since2009,Wilsonhastaughtthousandsofpeoplehowtoplantand

growtheirownvegetablesandpreparemealswiththem,includingonions,garlic,cucumbers,

tomatoes,collardgreens,squash,andeggplant.

“Notonlycanyoulearnfrommy35yearsofdoingthistypeofwork,“Wilsonsaid,“butyou

canlearnfromourcommunitygardenerswhoaregrowingfoodinanaturalway.”

Wilson,thefirstcollegegraduateinhisfamily,workedwiththeUniversityofGeorgiaformore

than20years,bringinggardeningeducationandprogramstopublichousingcomplexes,schoolsand

churchesthroughoutMetroAtlanta.Throughhiswork,hesawagreatneedfbrfresh,healthyfoodin

low-incomeurbancommunities.

Whenheretiredin2009,heusedaportionofhisretirementsavingstopurchasethefarmand

helpfillthegap.

“Isawtheneed/Wilsonsaid."Plus,whenyouretire,youshoulddosomethingyoureally

enjoy.”

Heestimateswiththerisingpriceoffood,peoplecouldsavethousandsyearlybygrowingtheir

ownfruitsandvegetables.Healsopointsoutthehealthbenefitsthatfreshproducebrings.

MillionsofhouseholdsintheUSarestrugglingtofeedtheirfamilies.Andthisiswhat

motivatesWilson'sefforts.

“Whensmallanddisadvantagedfarmersdidn'thavetheavenuetogetridofthatproduce

becausepeoplewerenotcomingouttobuy,wehadanopportunitytohelpkeepthemalive,9,Wilson

said."WewerebuyingfoodfromAfricanAmericanfarmerswhodidnothaveoutletsandgivingit

away.”

Wilsoncontinuestoofferfreefoodtothoseinneedatadrive-throughgiveawayeveryweek,

wherefamiliescansecurehealthyproduce.

Overtheyears,WilsonsayshehashostedalotofS.T.E.M.singradesK-12forfarmtoursand

agriculturalS.T.E.M.fieldtrips.Heworkswithfarmersandgardenersofallagesandskilllevels,

frompreschoolerstoseniors,toprovideeducationandaccesstoaffordableproduce.

"We'remorethanjustafhrm,“hesaid."We'reaboutjustice,equity,diversity,andinclusion,

becauseattheendoftheday,IwantmygrandchildrentohaveitbetterthanwhatIhaveittoday.9,

24.WilsonstartedtheMetroAtlantaUrbanFarmmainlyto.

A.makealivingB.pursuehiscareer

C.promotehealthawarenessD.helpthecommunities

25.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.

A.Wilson'sfarmhasbeenaroundforover30years

B.Wilsonundertakessomeeducationalinitiativesatthefarm

C.somesmallanddisadvantagedfarmersjoinedWilson'sfarm

D.thousandsofstudentshaveattendedWilson'sclassesonfarming

26.WhatdoesWilsonthinkofhisfarm?

A.Underestimated.B.Unexpected.

C.Imperfect.D.Promising.

C

Whenpeoplehear'"artificialintelligence,9,manyenvision"bigdata."There5sareasonforthat:

someofthemostimportantAIbreakthroughsinthepastdecadehavereliedonenormousdatasets.

ButAIisnotonlyaboutlargedatasets,andresearchin“smalldata“approacheshasgrown

extensivelyoverthepastdecade-withso-calledtransferlearningasanespeciallypromising

example.Alsoknownas"fine-tuning,“transferlearningishelpfulinsettingswhereyouhavelittle

dataonthetaskofinterestbutabundantdataonarelatedproblem.Thewayitworksisthatyoufirst

trainamodelusingabigdatasetandthenretrainslightlyusingasmallerdatasetrelatedtoyour

specificproblem.

Researchintransferlearningapproacheshasgrownimpressivelyoverthepast10years.Ina

newreportforGeorgetownUniversity'sCenterforSecurityandEmergingTechnology(CSET),we

examinedcurrentandprojectedprogressinscientificresearchacross“smalldata“approaches.Our

analysisfoundthattransferlearningstandsoutasacategorythathasexperiencedthemostconsistent

andhighestresearchgrowthonaveragesince2010.Thisgrowthhasevenoutpacedthelargerand

moreestablishedfieldofreinforcementlearning,whichinrecentyearshasattractedwidespread

attention.

Smalldataapproachessuchastransferlearningoffernumerousadvantagesovermoredata-

intensivemethods.ByenablingtheuseofAIwithlessdata,theycanbolsterprogressinareaswhere

littleornodataexist,suchasinforecastingnaturaldisastersthatoccurrelativelyrarelyorin

predictingtheriskofdiseaseforapopulationsetthatdoesnothavedigitalhealthrecords.

Anotherwayofthinkingaboutthevalueoftransferlearningisintermsofgeneralization.A

recurringchallengeintheuseofAIisthatmodelsneedto“generalize“beyondtheirtrainingdata.

Becausetransferlearningmodelsworkbytransferringknowledgefromonetasktoanother,theyare

veryhelpfulinimprovinggeneralizationinthenewtask,evenifonlylimiteddatawereavailable.

Moreover,byusingpretrainedmodels,transferlearningcanspeeduptrainingtimeandcould

alsoreducetheamountofcomputationalresourcesneededtotrainalgorithms（算法）.Thisefficiency

issignificant,consideringthattheprocessoftrainingonelargeneural（神经系统的）network

requiresconsiderableenergy.

Despitethegrowthinresearch,transferlearninghasreceivedrelativelylittlevisibility.The

existenceoftechniquessuchastransferlearningdoesnotseemtohavereachedtheawarenessofthe

broaderceofpolicymakersandbusinessleadersinpositionsofmakingimportantdecisionsabout

AIfundingandadoption.Byacknowledgingthesuccessofsmalldatatechniquesliketransfer

learning-anddistributingresourcestosupporttheirwidespreaduse-wecanhelpovercomesome

ofthecommonmisconceptionsregardingtheroleofdatainAIandfacilitateinnovationinnew

directions.

27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bolster“inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Promote.B.Seek.

C.Track.D.Monitor.

28.Inwhichofthefollowingsettingscantransferlearningbebestapplied?

A.PredictingthefrequencyoffloodsinAmazonrainforest.

B.Designingaprogramthatcanreadhandwrittendocuments.

C.Forecastingthenumberofpeopleinfectedwithanunknownillness.

D.Predictinghousepricesbasedonbasicfeatureslikeareaandlocation.

29.Whatisthewriter5sattitudetowardstransferlearning?

A.Doubtful.B.Optimistic.

C.Critical.D.Unconcerned.

30.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TransferLearning:WhereDoesItBestFit?

B.SmallDataAreAlsoCrucialforAdvancingAI

C.TransferLearningPowersTechnologicalAdvances

D.BigDatavs.SmallData:WhichIstheFutureofAI?

D

Canyouimaginegettingamajordentalprocedurewithoutnovocaine（——种麻醉药）?A

scientistcolleagueofminerecentlytoldme,ratherthanuseit,heuseda"focusin^^meditation（冥想）

techniquetodirectallofhisattentiontohismouthwithasmuchcalmingequanimityashecould

gather.Doingsotransformedthepainforafewminutes.

Astreamofscientificarticlessuggeststhattherearebenefitsinturningtowarddiscomfortor

negativeemotionswithacceptance.Inaddition,allofuscangainfromfindingwaystocopewith

stressandsuffering-particularlywhenlargercircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.Asaresearcher

whohasstudiedmeditationformorethan20years,Ibelievethatthecultivationofequanimitycan

help.

Ifsimportanttofirstdefinetheideaofturningtowarddiscomfort.Tmnotadvocatingfor

peopletoputthemselvesindangerouspositions.Butwhenwepushourselvesintochallengingor

embarrassingsituations,muchliketrainerswhopushathletesjustpasttheircomfortzonetomake

gains,learningoftenhappens.

Myownresearchindicatesthatmeditationprovidesanidealwaytopracticeturningtoward

discomfortparticularlywhenittrainsupone'sequanimity.InmylaboratoryatCarnegieMellon

University,weconductedseveralclinicaltrialsondevelopingequanimityduringmindfulness

meditationtraining.Thisapproachincludesguidedmeditationexercisessuchasusingamatter-of^

factvoicetolabeluncomfortablefeelingsinthebodyorwelcominguncomfortablefeelingsby

saying"yes"aloudeachtimeafeelingisdetected.

Wehired153stressedadultsandofferedthemamindfulnessmeditationtrainingprogramwith

orwithouttraininginequanimity.Ourequanimityskillstraininggrouphadsignificantlybetter

outcomesonseveralmeasures.Afterjust14daysoftraining,forexample,theparticipantswho

learnedequanimityskillshadsignificantlylowerbiologicalstressresponseswhenaskedtodelivera

difficultspeechandsolvemathproblemsinfrontofexpertsinwhitelabcoats.Thisgroupalsohad

significantlylowerbloodpressureandstresslevels.Inthedaysaftertraining,peopleintroducedto

equanimityexercisesalsoreportedsignificantlyhigherpositiveemotionsandwell-beingthroughout

thedayandmoremeaningfulsocialinteractionsthanparticipantswhoreceivedmindfulnesstraining

withouttheequanimitycomponent.Itwasasthoughdevelopingequanimityhadtransformedtheir

emotionalreactivitytostress,helpingthembetterappreciateandenjoydailylife5smanylittle

positiveexperiencesandmakingthemmorecuriousandopentoconnectingwithothers.

Weareexpandingonthisworkinseveralways-includingthroughthedevelopmentofanapp

thatoffersequanimitytrainingondemandandwithtrialsinvolvingparticipantswithstress-related

gastrointestinal（胃肠的）disorders.Meanwhileotherscientistsarefurtherexploringequanimity's

power.Weareconvincedwecaneachbuildourresilience（恢复力）onapersonallevelby

cultivatinggreateracceptanceofourexperience-goodorbad,painfulorpleasant-inthepresent

moment.

31.Whatcanbelearnedaboutequanimity?

A.Itisastateofmentalcalmness.

B.Itisaformofnegativeemotions.

C.Itisareplacementfornovocaine.

D.Itistheresultofmindfulnessmeditation.

32Whichofthefollowingisagoodexampleofequanimitytraining?

A.Ignoringdiscomforttotally.B.Detectingunusualbehavior.

C.Keepingemotionstooneself.D.Seeingnegativefeelingsobjectively.

33.Paragraph5iswrittentoshow.

A.thebenefitsofdevelopingequanimity

B.theprocedureofmindfulnessmeditation

C.theperformancesoftwomeditationtraininggroups

D.therelationshipbetweenequanimityandwell-being

34.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Stresscontributestophysicaldisorders.

B.Pleasantexperiencesresultingreaterequanimity.

C.Peoplearelikelytohaveeasyaccesstoequanimitytraining.

D.Resiliencecanhelppeoplegainmoreacceptanceofhardship.

第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将

该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Wanttowritebetter?There9sanewbookthatsayssimplewritingisbest.

Doyoucheckyourtextmessagesbeforesending?35Ifnot,youmightprefergettingthings

donefast,evenifthey'renotperfect.

Thisbookarguesthatifsimportanttowritecarefully,evenforquickmessages.ToddRogers

andJessicaLaskyFink,fromHarvard,wrote“WritingForBusyReaders”.It'ssmartlynamed

becauseeveryone'sbusytoday.Peoplegetlotsofmessageseveryday,fromemailstotexts.36

Decidingwhattoread,skim,orignorehappensmanytimesadayforalmosteveryone.

Theauthorssharegoodwritingtips,likecuttingunnecessarywordsandusingsimplewords

everyoneknows.Theysayit'simportanttokeepsentencessimple.Theytestedtheideathatlessis

more.Forexample,theysentanemailtothousandsofschool-boardmembersaskingthemtotakea

survey.Theymadetheemailshorter,from127to49words,andgotdoubletheresponses(from2.7%

to4.8%)._37

Thesameistruefortextmessages.Inanothertest,theysentashortmessageaskingparentsto

takeasurvey.Itgotmoreresponsesthanalonger,moresympatheticone.Sometimes,beingshort

andclearworksbetterthanbeingkindbutignored.It'snotjustwhatyousay,buthowquicklyyou

sayitthatmatters.

Ifsnotjustaboutwordcount.38Reducingthenumberofoptionshasthesameeffect.Short,

activesentenceswithcommonwordsarebest.

Frompoststoonlinereviews,followingtheserulesgetsmorelikesandshares.Seriouswriters

shouldpayattentiontoo.Astudyfoundthatcompaniesusinglongsentencesandcomplicatedwords

wereseenaslessmoralandtrustworthy.

39Itmightbetemptingtosendmessagesquicklyandhopeforthebest.Buttakingtimeto

writeforyourreadershasbenefits.Ifyousendarushedmessagethatreadersignore,it'slikeyou

didn'tsenditatall.

A.Ifeveryoneisabusyreader,everyoneisabusywritertoo.

B.Theycanalsogetpuzzledbysocialmediaplatforms.

C.Ifyoudo,youprobablylikemakingeventhesimplestmessagesperfect.

D.Theyfoundthatlongermessagesmakepeoplethinkthetaskwilltakelonger.

E.Keepingmessagestooneidea,orasfewaspossible,helpsmakesurethey'reread,

remembered,andactedon.

F.Yourgoalistoconveyenoughpassionthatyourreadersthinktheissueinyour

messageisworthcaringabout.

G.Explainingthethinkingbehindyourmessageswillallowreaderstoseethatyou

knowwhatyou'retalkingabout.

第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）

第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

FourColombianchildrensurvivedaplanecrashonlytobelostdeepintheAmazonrainforest

forwelloveramonth.Thisishowtheysurvivedthishorrifyingsituation.

It'smostpeople'snightmare:survivingaplanecrashonlytobetrappedinajunglewithnoway

ofcontactingtheoutsideworld.Buttheysurvived.Thechildren,aged13,nineandfour,aswellas

an11-month-oldbaby,wereflyingwiththeirmotherfromtheirvillageintheAmazontovisittheir

fatherinSanJosedelGuaviare.Thesingle-engineCessnaonwhichtheywereflyingexperienced

engineproblemsanddisappearedonMay1,2023.

Badweatherpreventedthearmyfromfindingthecrashsitefortwoweeks,wheretheythen

foundthedeadbodiesofthreeadults,includingthechildren'smother.Howdidthesechildren

surviveconditionsthatwouldbeanunimaginablestruggleformostadults?Theyaremembersofthe

HuitotoIndigenousgroupandwereraisedinthejungle.Assuch,theyhaveanintimate

understandingoftherainforest.Theyknowwhichfruitsaresafetoeatandwhichplantsshouldbe

avoided.

Workingwith,ratherthanagainst,theAmazon,theysurvivedonfruitsandseeds,whilefeeding

thebabywatermixedwithyuccaflourthattheyfoundontheplane.Whilethechildrengotonwith

thebusinessofsurviving,theColombianarmyworkedwithIndigenousvolunteerstofindthem.

After40daysofsearching,thechildrenwerefoundandtakentorecoveratamilitaryhospitalin

Bogota.

Whilemanyaroundtheworldhavetakenthissurvivalstorytobeamiracle,otherspointout

thatitistheresultofanancientandintimateknowledgeoftherainforestthathasbeenpasseddown

throughIndigenouscommunitiesoverthegenerations.Indigenoustribeshaveacloserelationshipto

theAmazon,markedbyadeeprespectfortheforestthatprovidesthemwithshelterandnutritious

ingredients.Itistheircloseconnectiontoandunderstandingoftherainforestthatundoubtedly

helpedthechildrentosurvive.

40.Whatmadetheplaneonwhichtheywereflyingcrash?

41.Whydidittakethearmysolongtofindthechildrenaftertheaccident?

42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,then