2020秋高中英语人教版选修6同步练习：Unit 1 Art

Unit1Art

------------------话题诵读日积月累------------------

【导语】蒙娜丽莎的微笑是神秘的，每年吸引着数以百万计的

游客。然而，蒙娜丽莎是谁以及达•芬奇是如何描绘她的仍是个未知的

世界。

It'sreportedthatthehealthofthefamouspainting；theMona

Lisa,paintedbyLeonardoDaVincibetween1503and1506,isgetting

worsebytheyear.

“Thethin,woodenpanel（嵌板）onwhichtheMonaLisais

paintedinoilhaschangedshapesinceexpertscheckedittwoyears

ago,“themuseumsaid.Visitorshavenoticedchangesbutrepairingthe

world'smostfamouspaintingisnoteasy.Expertsarenotsureabout

thematerialstheItalianartistusedandtheircurrentchemicalstate.

NowtheMonaLisaishousedintheLouvreMuseum.Nearly6

millionpeoplegotoseetheMonaLisaeveryyear,manyattractedby

themysteryofhersmile."Itisveryinterestingthatwhenyou'renot

lookingather,sheseemstobesmiling,andthenyoulookatherand

shestops,“saidProfessorMargaretLivingstoneofHarvardUniversity.

"It'sbecausedirectvisionisexcellentatpickingupdetail,butless

suitedtolookingatshadows.DaVincipaintedthesmileinshadows.w

However,theactualhistoryoftheMonaLisaisjustasmysterious

asthesmile.DaVincihimselfloveditsomuchthathealwayscarriedit

withhim,untilitwassoldtoFrance'sKingFrancisIin1519.

In1911,thepaintingwasstolenfromtheLouvrebyaformer

employee,whotookitoutofthemuseumhiddenunderhiscoat.He

saidheplannedtoreturnittoItaly.Thepaintingwassentbackto

Francetwoyearslater.

DuringWorldWarII,theFrenchhidthepaintinginsmalltowns

tokeepitoutofthehandsofGermanforces.

Likemanyoldladies>theMonaLisahassomeinterestingstories

totell.

【词海拾贝】

1.currentM/.现在的；当前的

2.house”.把...储藏在...内

3.pickup捡起；获得；收拾；(汽车、飞机)乘载

4.employeen.雇员；雇工

【问题思考】

True(T)orFalse(F)：

1.TheMonaLisaisgettingworseanditisdifficulttorepair.()

2.Thepaintingisinasmalltownnow.()

答案：l.T2.F

----------------自主预习步步提高一----------------

:词汇识记A

I.重点单词分类记

★拼写高频单词

1.n.目标；目的

vi.&of.瞄准；（向某方向）努力

2。力•.典型的；有代表性的

3.a"卓越的；杰出的；极好的

4.〃.努力;尝试；企图

画.尝试；企图

5.况.有感染力；呼吁；求助

一.将...上诉

n.呼吁；恳求

6.n.画像；身材；数字

7或加.所以；因而

8.n.名声；名誉

答案：l.aim2.typical3.superb4.attemptS.appeal

6.figure7.consequently8.reputation

★联想拓展单词

1.〃.信任；信心；信念f忠实的，忠诚的

fah.忠实地

2.痴心常规的；传统的；因循守旧的一n.惯例;

习俗

3.明显的；明白的一ado.显然地，明显地

fn.证据，证明

4.采用；采纳；收养fn.采用；收养

5.“拥有；具有；支配一n.（尤作复数）所有；

财产

6.a.预言；预告；预测一n.预报；预言

7.n.展览：陈列；展览会一。力展览，展出―

n.参展者

8.n.喜爱；偏爱fof.更喜欢；宁愿

9.n.文明；文化；文明社会一”.使文明；教

化；使开化

10.n.署名；签字f__________n.迹象；符号；记号

0.签署；签名f".信号

答案：1.faithfaithfulfaithfully2.conventionalconvention

3.evidentevidentlyevidence4.adoptadoption

5.possesspossession6.predictprediction

7.exhibitionexhibitexhibitor8.preferenceprefer

9.civilizationcivilizelO.signaturesignsignal

★识记阅读单词

1.abstractadj.________________

n.________________

2.techniquen,________________

3.coincidencen.________________

4.shadown.________________

5.ridiculousadj.________________

6.controversialadj.

7.specificadj.________________

8.delicateadj.________________

9.allergicadj.________________

10.aggressiveadj.

11.fragileadj.________________

12.visualadj.________________

13.permanentadj.

答案：1.抽象的；深奥的摘要2.技术；方法；技能

3.巧合（的事）；（事情、口味、故事等）相合4.阴影；影子

5.荒谬的；可笑的6.争论的；争议的7.确切的；特定的

8.脆弱的；容易生病的；精致的9.过敏性的；过敏的

10.敢作敢为的；侵略的；好斗的11.精细的；易碎的；脆弱的

12.视觉的；看得见的13.永久的；持久的

II.重点短语快速记

1.巧合地

2.活着的；本人

3.大量

4.取决于，达到

5.______________因此；结果

6.（对某人）有吸引力；

（使某人）感兴趣

7.瞄准

8.（可是）另一方面

9.使某人相信某事

10._______________尝试做某事

11.逃脱；摆脱；脱离

12.集中；专心于

13.更喜欢……；有……的偏好

答案：l.bycoincidence2.intheflesh3.agreatdeal

4.upto5.asaconsequence6.appealto7.aimat

8.ontheotherhand9.convincesbofsthlO.attempttodosth

ll.breakawayfrom12.concentrateon13.haveapreferencefor

川.经典句式应用记

1.（你愿意有）ChineseorWesternstyle

paintingsinyourhome?（wouldrather+动词原形）

2.（这是因为）theImpressionistsencouragedartiststo

lookattheirenvironmentinnewways.（because弓|导表语从句）

3.［没有新的颜料和新的（绘画）手法］,

we（就不能看至U）themanygreatmasterpiecesfor

whichthisperiodisfamous.（without短语表示含蓄虚拟条件）

4.（在这些画家中）whobrokeaway

fromthetraditionalstyleofpainting（是印

象派艺术家们），wholivedandworkedinParis.（表语部分提前，引起

倒装）

答案：1.Wouldyouratherhave2.Thisisbecause

3.Withoutthenewpaintsandthenewtechniquewouldnotbe

abletosee4.AmongthepaintersweretheImpressionists

。语篇理解A

I.Fast-reading

Skimthetextandthenchoosethebestanswer.

1.Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?

A.Howreligiouspaintingsdeveloped.

B.Howoilpaintingsdeveloped.

C.HowImpressionists'paintingsdeveloped.

D.HowWesternartdeveloped.

答案：D

2.Readthepassagetofindorconcludeatopicsentenceforeach

periodofWesternpainting.

（l）TheMiddleAges：________________________________

(2)TheRenaissance：__________________________________

(3)Impressionism：___________________________________

(4)ModernArt：_______________________________________

答案：(l)DuringtheMiddleAges,themainaimofpainterswasto

representreligiousthemes.(2)DuringtheRenaissance；newideasand

valuesgraduallyreplacedthoseheldintheMiddleAges.(3)During

Impressionism,theImpressionistsbrokeawayfromthetraditional

styleofpaintingandtheywerethefirstpainterstoworkoutdoors.

(4)Atthetimetheywerecreated,theImpressionistpaintingswere

controversial>buttodaytheyareacceptedasthebeginningofwhatwe

call"modernart”.

II.Careful-reading

Readthetextcarefullyandthenchoosethebestansweraccording

tothetext.

1.Atfirst,mostpeoplehatedtheImpressionists'styleofpainting>

becausetheythought.

A.theirpaintingswereveryabstract

B.theirpaintingswereveryrealistic

C.theydidn'tbreakawayfromthetraditionalstyleofpainting

D.theirpaintingswereveryridiculous

2.DuringtheRenaissance>painters.

A.paintedreligiousscenesinamorerealisticstyle

B.focusedmoreonreligionthanonhumans

C.begantopaintoutdoors

D.returnedtoclassicalRomanandGreekideasaboutart

3.discoveredhowtomakepaintingslookmorerealby

usingperspective.

A.GiottodiBondoneB.Masaccio

C.ClaudeMonetD.PabloPicasso

4Accordingtothepassage，artisinfluencedlesslikely

by

A.agricultureB.faithofapeople

C.socialchangesD.thecustoms

答案：l.D2.D3.B4.A

IH.Study-reading

Analyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.

1.Butitwasevidentthatideaswerechanginginthe13thcentury

whenpainterslikeGiottodiBondonebegantopaintreligiousscenesin

amorerealisticway.

［句式分析］

厂it作形式主语hen引导定语从句

Butitwasevident1

thatideaswerechanging...whenpainters...way.

主语从句

［尝试翻译］________________________________________

2.Amongthepainterswhobrokeawayfromthetraditionalstyle

ofpaintingweretheImpressionists,wholivedandworkedinParis.

［句式分析］①本句是一个倒装句。

②正常语序为：TheImpressionists,wholivedandworkedin

Paris,wereamongthepainterswhobrokeawayfromthetraditional

styleofpainting.

③句中有两个由关系代词who引导的定语从句，前一个定语从句

修饰先行词，后一个定语从句修饰先行词Impressionists,关

系代词who在两个从句中都作o

［尝试翻译］_________________________________________

3.Atthetimetheywerecreated,theImpressionistpaintingswere

controversial,buttodaytheyareacceptedasthebeginningofwhatwe

callMmodernart”.

［句式分析］①本句是一个由_______连接的并列复合句。

②前一个分句中Atthetimetheywerecreated作状语，其中they

werecreated是省略了关系词when的定语从句，修饰先行词time。

③后一个分句中what引导从句，且在从句中作call的宾

语。

［尝试翻译］_________________________________________

4.Ontheonehand,somemodernartisabstract；thatis,the

painterdoesnotattempttopaintobjectsasweseethemwithoureyes,

butinsteadconcentratesoncertainqualitiesoftheobject,using

colour,lineandshapetorepresentthem.

［句式分析］thatis为；asweseethemwithoureyes为

方式状语从句；usingcolour,lineandshapetorepresentthem为现在

分词短语作o

［尝试翻译］_________________________________________

答案：1.但是，很显然在13世纪时（人们的）思想正经历着变化，

像乔托这样的画家们开始以一种比较现实的风格来画宗教场景。

2.painters主语在那些突破传统绘画风格的画家中有生活和

工作在巴黎的印象派画家。

3.but宾语在印象派作品的创建初期，它们是存在争议的，

但是如今它们已被人们接受而成为我们所说的“现代艺术”的始祖了。

4.插入语方式状语一方面，有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是

说，画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，而是集中体

现物体的某些品质特性，用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。

IV.Intensive-reading

Readandfinishthepassagecarefully.

Artisinfluencedbythecustomsand1.ofapeople.Styles

inWesternarthavechangedmanytimes.

DuringtheMiddleAges,whenthemain2.ofpainters

wastorepresentreligiousthemes,aconventionalartistwasnot

interestedinshowing3.andpeopleastheyreallywere.Inthe

periodoftheRenaissance，newideasand4.gradually

replacedthoseheldintheMiddleAges.PeopIebegantoconcentrate

lessonreligiousthemesandadoptamorehumanisticattitudeto

5..Painterstriedtopaintpeopleandnatureas

6.reallywere.Fromthelate19thtotheearly20thcentury,it

wasthetimefor7..Atthattime,someofthepaintersbroke

awayfromthe8.styleofpainting,andbecamethefirstones

towork9.,showinghowlightandshadowfellonobjectsat

10.timesofday.Andthepaintingsofthisperiodareaccepted

asthebeginningofwhatwecallumodernart“today.

答案：1.faith2.aim3.nature4.values5.1ife6.they

7.Impressionism8.traditional9.outdoorslO.different

---------------规范写作技法指导---------------

,方法技巧A

如何写好建议信

建议信是对收信人就某一问题提出看法、建议或忠告。建议信有

可能是写给个人，就对方遇到的某个问题提出自己的看法和观点；也

可能是写给某个组织或机构，就改进其服务等提出建议或忠告。

一、基本结构

建议信一般采取“三段式”结构。

首段：表明意图，陈述事由。

主体段落（中段）：应该首先肯定对方的优点，然后再写需要改进的

地方或针对具体情况提出具体建议或忠告。通常以firstly,secondly,

thirdly或tobegin/startwith,then,later,lastbutnotleast等依次陈

述建议。

结尾段：礼貌地总结或表示期盼回复。

二、注意事项

1.注意结构。通常以“三段式结构”行文。

2.客观地提出建议，针对对方的问题，给出你的观点。

3.语言要委婉、精练，同时要简洁、清楚。

【常用句式】

1.建议信首段常用句式：

①Iamwritingtoexpressmyviewsabout/concerning...

②Youhaveaskedmeformyadviceon...,andIwilltrytomake

somesuggestions.

③Itismypleasuretoofferyousomeadviceon...

2.建议信中段常用句式：

①Iwouldliketosuggest/recommendthat...

②IfIwereyou,Iwould...

(3)Inmyopinion>itwouldbewisetotakethefollowingactions.

④Ithinkitwouldbemorebeneficialifyoucould...

⑤Whenitcomestosuchasituation,Iwouldliketosuggestthat

youcan...

(6)1wonderifyouhaveconsideredthefollowing...

⑦Asto...Isuggestthatyoushould...

⑧AsfarasIamconcerned.../Inmyopinion...

⑨Foronething...foranother...

⑩Tobeginwith…Besides…Lastbutnotleast...

3.建议信尾段常用句式：

①Intheend,Iwillbeverygladifyoufindmysuggestionsuseful.

(2)Thanksforreadingmyletter.Ihopeyouwillconsidermy

suggestions.

③Ibelieveyouwilltakemyadviceintoaccount/consideration.

④Ihopeyouwillfindtheseproposals/suggestions

practical/useful/helpful.

⑤Pleaseletmeknowwithouthesitationifyouneedanyhelp.

精品展示A

为了帮助中学生健康成长，某中学英文报开辟了

“HEART-TO-HEART”专栏。假设你是该栏目的编辑Jamie,收到

一封署名为Worried的求助信。信中该同学向你诉说了自己的困扰：

近日容易发脾气，使正常的学习和生活受到了影响。请用英文给该同

学写一封回信。

内容要点如下：

1.表示理解并给予安慰；

2.提出建议并说明理由。

注意：1.词数80左右；

2.信中不能出现与本人相关的信息；

3.信的开头与结尾已为你拟好，不计入总词数。

参考词汇：temper".脾气；情绪

【范文点评】

范文点评

Hi,Worried,作者严格按照提示要点和题目要

I'msorrytoknowthatyou're求进行写作。文章语言流畅，内容

havingsuchabadtimeatthe充实，让文章在细微处展现不俗。

moment.Lifeisnotalwaysfilled倒装句式的恰当运用，展示了作者

withsunshineandflowers,soitis

广泛的涉猎和老到的文笔,是一篇

ofvitalimportancetocontrol

值得模仿和学习的中学生佳作。

yourtemperandhaveacorrect

①以it作形式主语的使用丰富了

attitudetofaceuptoyour

文章的句式，增添了文章的文采，

situation.®

充分展示了作者娴熟运用高级复

Firstofall,ifvouhavepainsor

杂句子结构的能力。

puzzlesinmind，communicate

②Firstofall以及后面的Secondly

withyourfriends,parentsor

等其他过渡词的使用，增强了文章

teachers.Secondly,totake

的层次感。freeyourselffromyour

exercisereeularlveverydayis

eoodforhealthinordertofreeanger意思是“宣泄情绪”，take

②

yourselffromyouranger.Lastexerciseregularly意思是“定期参

butnotleast,voushouldnot加体育锻炼”，这几个短语的使用，

hesitatetoaskapsychological简约出彩。

consultantforhelp.③Onlyinthis③Lastbutnotleast过渡词的合理

way,canyoureduceyourstress,运用使行文更加流畅，shouldnot

andyouwillbecomeastrongandhesitatetodo意思是"应该毫不犹

④

confidentpersonintheend.豫做某事"，psychological

IhopewhatIsayherecanhelp

consultant均是高级词汇。

youalot.

④。nly引出的状语置于句首，后

Yours,

面用了倒装。此句属于一个高级句

Jamie

型

作文仿写A

假定你是李华，你的朋友张柯发e-mail给你，就买什么样的英语

词典想听听你的建议。请根据下列提示，用英语给他回一封80词左右

的e-mailo

1.方便、快捷；

2.内置多部词典，能发音；

3.能储存资料；

4.其他。

注意：可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯（开头结尾已为你拟好，不

计入总词数）。

DearZhangKe,

Asfortheproblemyouputforwardinyourlaste-maiLIthinkit

isawisechoiceforyoutobuyanelectronicdictionary.

Withsomanyadvantages>whynotbuyone?

Idohopemysuggestionwillbeusefultoyou.

Yours,

LiHua

答案：

DearZhaneKe,

Asfortheproblemyouputforwardinyourlaste-mail,Ithinkit

isawisechoiceforyoutobuyanelectronicdictionary.

Tobeginwith,itisconvenientforyoutocarryitwherever

going.Additionally，youcangetwhatyouwantintheelectronic

dictionaryassoonaspossible,forconsultingthiskindofdictionaryis

reallyapieceofcake.Whenmeetingwiththeusefulmateriabyoucan

storeitasmuchaspossiblebecausethereismuchRAM（内存）in

it.Whatmakesitoutstandingfromavarietyofothers,Ithink,isthatit

cangiveyouavivid,clearandcorrectpronunciationjustlikeateacher

standingbyvou.Withsomanyadvantages,whynotbuyone?

Idohopemysugqestionwillbeusefultoyou.

Yours,

LiHua

--------------课后演练强基提能-------------

A级基础过关

I.根据语境及首字母写出正确的单词

1.Thistellsyouthatthereisasdistinctionbetweenthe

rightandthewrong.

2.Theopeneonpictureswillallowlocalartiststoshow

theirtalents.

3.Thecentralfinthepaintingistheartist'sdaughter.

4.ThepeaceinSyriaisverydatpresent.

5.Somepatientsareatopenicillin>sothereisatest

beforeinjection.

6.Animalscanbecomeunusuallyawhentheyareupset

byasuddenenvironmentchange.

7.Yournameexactlyappearsonyourresidentcard.

8.Whenhewasachild,heusuallyhadapforcartoys.

9.Thejudgehasagoodrforhisjusticeandkindness.

10.Hehaddevotedhiswholelifetothestudyofcart.

答案：1.specific2.exhibition3.figure4.delicate

5.allergic6.aggressive7.permanent8.preference

9.reputationlO.contemporary

11.选词填空

upto；bycoincidence；agreatdeal；intheflesh；beallergicto；

ontheotherhand；aimat；appealto

1.,similargoodsareofferedinthismarket.

2.IhaveseenherperformonTV,butnever.

3.Sendusataleaboutthestrangebehaviourofuniquepetsor

wildlifein300words.

4.Iwanttogototheparty,but,I

oughttostaystudying.

5.Wetendtohaveabettermemoryforthingsthatexciteour

sensesorouremotionsthanforstraightfacts.

6.IlikecatsbutunfortunatelyIthem.

7.Insayingthis,I'mnotyou.

8.IhavelongbeeninterestedinspaceexplorationandIbelieveI

couldlearnfromhimaboutit.

答案：l.Bycoincidence2.intheflesh3.upto

4.ontheotherhand5.appealto6.amallergicto

7.aimingat8.agreatdeal

此根据汉语完成句子

1./，you

wouldn'thavefailedintheexamination.

如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格了。

2.Iwishyoutomorrow.

但愿你明天跟我们一块去。

3.I'dratherwethisevening.

我宁愿我们今晚不去看电影。

4.Ifhehadfollowedmyadvice,he.

如果他（当时）接受我的建议，就不会丢掉他的工作了。

5.Thankyouforremindingmeofthetime,orI

yesterday.

谢谢你提醒我时间，不然昨天我就迟到了。

答案：l.Hadyoutakenmyadvice/Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice

2.wouldgowithus3.didn'tgotoseeaHim

4.wouldn'thavelosthisjob5.wouldhavebeenlate

B级能力提升

I.阅读理解

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出

最佳选项。

（2019•全国卷川）ForWesterndesigners,Chinaanditsrichculture

havelongbeenaninspirationforWesterncreative.

"It'snosecretthatChinahasalwaysbeenasource（来源）of

inspirationfordesigners,wsaysAmandaHill,chiefcreativeofficerat

A+ENetworks,aglobalmediacompanyandhometosomeofthe

biggestfashion（时尚）shows.

Earlierthisyear,theChinaThroughaLookingGlassexhibitionin

NewYorkexhibited140piecesofChina-inspiredfashionableclothing

alongsideChineseworksofart,withtheaimofexploringtheinfluence

ofChineseaesthetics（美学）onWesternfashionandhowChinahas

fueledthefashionableimaginationforcenturies.Theexhibitionhad

recordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChinese

influences.

（iChinaisimpossibletooverlook,wsaysHill.Chinesemodels

arethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamsto

womenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjust

consumersoffashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement.wOfcourse,

notonlyaretoday'stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina,

someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselves

Chinese.rtVeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingon

Galliano*Albaz,MarcJacobs—andbeatingthemhandsdownin

designandsales,“addsHill.

ForHilLitisimpossiblenottotalkaboutChinaastheleading

playerwhendiscussingfashion."Themostfamousdesignersare

Chinese,soarethemodels,andsoaretheconsumers,wshesays.uChina

isnolongerjustanothermarket；inmanysensesithasbecomethe

market.Ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday，youaretalkingabout

China—itsinfluences,itsdirection,itsbreathtakingclothes；andhow

youngdesignersandmodelsareAnallyacknowledgingthatinmany

ways.”

【语篇解读】本文以国外视角介绍中国文化及中国美学对国际

时尚的影响，展现了中国对国际时尚和设计发展的引领作用。

1.WhatcanwelearnabouttheexhibitioninNewYork?

A.Itpromotedthesalesofartworks.

B.Itattractedalargenumberofvisitors.

C.ItshowedancientChineseclothes.

D.ItaimedtointroduceChinesemodels.

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句"Theexhibitionhad

recordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChinese

influences''可知，这次在纽约的展览拥有破纪录的出席人数，故选B。

答案：B

2.WhatdoesHillsayaboutChinesewomen?

A.Theyaresettingthefashion.

B.Theystartmanyfashioncampaigns.

C.Theyadmiresupermodels.

D.Theydobusinessallovertheworld.

解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的"Chinesemodelsarethefaces

ofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallover

theworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersof

fashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement"可知，中国女性不仅是时

尚的消费者，她们还是时尚发展的核心。据此可知答案为Ao

答案：A

3.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"takingon”inParagraph4

mean?

A.learningfromB.lookingdownon

C.workingwithD.competingagainst

解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段最后一句中的“VeraWang,

AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGalliano,Albaz,Marc

Jacobs—andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsalesw可知，三

位中国最优秀的时装设计者在设计和销量方面击败了三位顶尖西方设

计师，据此可推知takeon在该句中表示“与...较量”，故选D。

答案：D

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.YoungModelsSellingDreamstotheWorld

B.AChineseArtExhibitionHeldinNewYork

C.DifferencesBetweenEasternandWesternAesthetics

D.ChineseCultureFuelingInternationalFashionTrends

解析：标题判断题。本文主要介绍了中国文化及中国美学对国际

时尚的影响，展现了中国对国际时尚和设计发展的引领作用。故选D。

A项（向世界推销梦想的年轻模特）与文章内容不符；B项（在纽约举办

的一次中国艺术展）以偏概全；C项（东西方美学的差异）范畴过大。

答案：D

II.七选五

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Weusuallythinkofbacteriaasbeingdangerousandacauseof

humandiseases.1Certaintypesofbacteriaactuallyplayavery

importantrolebothinsideourbodiesandintheenvironmentaround

us.

Somespeciesofbacteriadomakeussick,butothersmayactually

preventusfromgettingsick.Ourbodieshavewhatdoctorscalla

anormalflora（正常菌群）Thebacteriainournormalfloraare

harmlessfandmostofthetimewedon'tevenknowthatthesebacteria

arethere.Whenourbodiesareinvadedbysomedangerousbacteria,

thenormalfloracanpreventthesebacteriafromhurtingus.2

Bacteriahelpusdigestfoodandproducevitamins.Thenormal

florainthegut（肠道）canbehelpfulbybreakingdownfoodthatcan't

bedigestedbyourbodies.3Besides>somebacteriainthegutcan

produceasmallamountofBvitamins.

Whenplantsandanimalsdie,itisbacteriathatbreakdownthe

remainsandreturnfoodtothesoil.4Withouttheactionof

bacteria,soilwouldnotbeabletohelpplantsgrowanddead

organismswouldnotbebrokendown.

,Fermentation（发酵）ofmilkintocheeseandyogurt,for

example,wouldnotbepossiblewithouttheactivityofsome

bacteria.Thesebacteriaarealsosometimesusedinmakingwine.

A.Thishelpsusgetmoreenergyfromwhatweeat.

B.However,thetruthisthatbacteriacanalsobegood.

C.Manyfoodproductionprocessesneedthehelpofbacteria.

D.Therearemorebacteriainyourmouththantherearepeoplein

theworld.

E.Somespeciesofbacteriacanbeusefulinagricultureandother

industries.

F.Thebenefitsofcertainbacteriaonecologicalbalanceare

attractingattention.

G.Theydothiseitherbycrowdingouttheinvadersorbykilling

thebadbacteria.

【语篇解读】提到细菌，我们都认为它们有害无益，其实还有

很多有益菌的存在。

1.解析：本空前后两句之间是转折关系，B项承上启下，引出有

益菌。

答案：B

2.解析：本段讲的是我们体内的一些菌群能保护我们免受其他细

菌的伤害，G项是对上句的解释说明。

答案：G

3.解析：本空是对上句的进一步说明，肠道的有益菌帮助我们消

化食物，这样我们就能从食物中获得更多的能量。

答案：A

4.解析：本空承上启下，指出了细菌对维持生态平衡的作用。

答案：F

5.解析：本空为本段的主旨。根据该空后面的内容可知，一些食

物的制作过程也需要某些菌群的参与。

答案：C

川.完形填空

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，

选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

LastnightmyhusbandandIwerewalkinginanearbyparking

area,whenwesawamanbentoverontheground,crushing（碾碎）

somethingwitharock.Hewassofocusedonhis1thathedidn't

look2atanyonepassingby.Wekept3himandwondered

whathecouldbe4.Ithoughthewascrushingstonestomake

sand,but5wouldhedothat?

6>wedecidedtogoupandspeaktohim.Hewascrushing

piecesofleftoverbreadthathehad7topreparefoodforthebirds

thatcomethereearlymorning.Thelargepiecesofbreadwouldbe

gforthebirdstoeatsohecrushedthemintopowder.Every

9>aftercominghomefromhisjobasatailor>he10around

hishouse,collectingleftoverbreadfromallhishousemates.Hethen

eatsaquickmealandcomeshere,and11thenext1-2hours

carefullycrushingeachpieceandmakesaneatpileforthe12♦He

hasbeendoingthisforthelast3to4years.What13usmorewas

thathewas14thatwewereeventakinganinterestinthis,since

forhimitwasn'tabig15.

Whenweaskedhimwhatmadehimdothisactof16>he

said,"It'sjustsomething17>sothattheleftoverbreaddoesn'tgo

intothetrashandthebirdsgetfood.wWe18hisstorywiththe

hopethatitwouldremindustobe19ofleftoverstooandthatit

might20someonetostartsomethingsimilarintheirownarea.

【语篇解读】本文为记叙文，