《工程管理专业英语》课件 Unit 4 Construction Planning

工程管理专业英语EnglishforProjectManagement讲授人：Unit4ConstructionPlanningPART04目录CONTENTSDialogueSectionAConstructionPlanningSectionBLead-inUnit4ConstructionPlanningLead-inIdentifythepicturesbelow.Matchthemwiththewordsinthebox.costcontrolschedulecontrolconstructionplanningSectionADialogue1Today,presentatthemeetingareMr.BruceandMr.ShawfromtheOwner;Mr.Zhang,Mr.MaandMr.WangfromtheContractor.B=Mr.BruceS=Mrs.ShawZ=Mr.ZhangM=MissMaUnit4ConstructionPlanningSectionADialogue1B:OK.Gentleman,thepurposeofourmeetingtodayistoreviewanddiscusstheprogressofthisproject.Firstly,Iwouldlikeyoutoexplainwhatyouhaveachievedforthepastmonth,Mr.Zhang.Z:Generallyspeaking,theconstructionactivitieshavebeengoingsmoothly,buttherearecertainproblemsconcerningsomeimportpermits.Forthedetails,MissMawilltgiveusanaccountoftheconstructionprogressforallthesectionsoftheworks.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionADialogue1M:Let’sstartwiththediversionstructure.Forthecofferdam,wehaveplaced3,100cubicmetresofconcrete.Itwillbefinishedwithinthenextfewdaysandonschedule.Attheleftabutmentandthedamfoundation,wehavecompleted6,000cubicmetresofrockexcavation.That’swhathadbeenachievedatthediversionstructureduringtheprecedingmonth.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionADialogue1B:Thankyou.Theprogressatthediversionstructureconformstotheconstructionschedulewithwhichwearequitesatisfied.Haveyoustartedtheexcavationattheintake?Intheconstructionschedule,theexcavationattheintakeshouldstartlateinthepastmonth,thatis,lateinMarch.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionADialogue1Z:Letmeclearthisup.Recently,fromtheweatherforecast,therainyseasonwillcomeearlierthanusual.SowehaveconcentratedourmanpowerandequipmentontheexcavationofthefoundationforBlocks3and4andontheconcreteplacementforthecofferdam.Ifalltherelevantworkisfinishedintime,wewillbeabletopourthefirstliftsforthetwoblocksbeforetherainyseasoncomes.Therefore,wecouldavoidalotoftroubleinclearingawayfromthedamfoundationallthedebrisanddirtthatwouldbecausedbythehighwateror,even,thepossibleflooding.What’smore,theexcavationattheintakeisnotacriticalactivity.Soitwillnotaffectthecompletiontimeofthewholeprojectifwepostponetheworkattheintakewithinthefloattime.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionADialogue1S:Althoughtherevisionoftheschedulesoundsreasonable,itisarequirementofthecontractthatwheneveryourevisetheschedule,youmustsubmittherevisedscheduletousforapproval.Z:Wedon’tthinkitisasignificantalteration.Andwehaveitrighthereforyou.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionADialogue1B:Thankyou.Anyway,Iwanttoremindyouthateverythingshouldbedonestrictlyinaccordancewiththecontractdocuments.Wehopethatkindofthingwon’thappenagain.Z:Wewilltryourbesttomakeourworksatisfytherequirementsofthecontract.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionANewWordsowner[ˈəʊnə(r)]n.apersonwhoownssomething物主；所有权人contractor[kənˈtræktə(r)]n.apersonorcompanythatdoesworkforotherpeopleororganizations立约人；承包商diversion[daɪˈvɜ:ʃn]n.thediversionofsomethinginvolveschangingitscourseordestination转向；转移Dialogue1Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionANewWordscofferdam[ˈkɒfədæm]n.awatertightstructure,usuallyofsheetpiling,thatenclosesanareaunderwater,pumpeddrytoenableconstructionworktobecarriedout.Belowacertaindepthacaissonisrequired围堰abutment[əˈbʌtmənt]n.amasonrysupportthattouchesanddirectlyreceivesthrustorpressureofanarchorbridge桥墩；桥基excavation[ˌekskəˈveɪʃn]n.theactofdigging,especiallywithamachine挖掘；开凿；挖土Dialogue1Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionANewWordsintake[ˈɪnteɪk]n.Yourintakeofaparticularkindoffood,drink,orairistheamountthatyoueat,drink,orbreathein.摄入量；吸入量block[blɒk]n.Ablockofasubstanceisalargerectangularpieceofit.（长方形）块，大块debris[ˈdebri:]n.piecesfromsomethingthathasbeendestroyedorpiecesofrubbishorunwantedmaterialthatarespreadaround.（被毁物的）残骸;碎片;垃圾Dialogue1Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionANewWordspostpone[pəˈspəʊn]v.Ifyoupostponeanevent,youdelayitorarrangeforittotakeplaceatalatertimethanwasoriginallyplanned.推迟；使延期；延缓alteration[ˌɔ:ltəˈreɪʃn]n.Analterationisachangeinortosomething.变更Dialogue1Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionAPhrasesandExpressionsgosmoothly进展顺利importpermit进口许可证sectionsoftheworks工程的区段giveanaccountof对......做出说明Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionAPhrasesandExpressionsdiversionstructure引水结构cubicmetre立方米onschedule按计划（准时完成）damfoundation坝基Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionAPhrasesandExpressionsconformto符合；与......一致clearup澄清；放晴firstliftsforthetwoblocks两坝块的第一层debrisanddirt残渣与淤泥Unit4ConstructionPlanningfloattime浮动时间；时差SectionADialogue2Mr.GreenandMr.PaularerepresentativesfromtheOwner.Mr.LiandMr.ChenaretherepresentativesfromtheContractor.Theyarediscussingthe

measurestocatchupwiththeschedule.G=Mr.GreenP=Mrs.PaulL=Mr.LiC=Miss.ChenUnit4ConstructionPlanningSectionADialogue2G:LadiesandGentlemen,theprojectistwoweeksbehindschedule.Weallclearlyknowthatthecompletionofthetunnelexcavationplaysavitalpartinthetimelypowergenerationofthewholeworks.So,Iwanttoknowwhatmeasuresyouaretakingtocatchupwiththeschedule.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionADialogue2L:Accordingtothegeologicaldataprovidedbyyou,thegeologyatAditBshouldbegraniteandofsoundconditions.Astheopenexcavationfortheportalwentalong,itwasdiscoveredthatitisweatheredrock.Sowehavehadtotreatitspecially.YoucanseefromtheamountofreinforcementsteelweusedhowmucheffortwehavemadetostarttheexcavationatAditB.Anyhow,theworkisnowonthetrack.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionADialogue2C:Astothespecificmeasures,wearebeginningtoimplementatwo-shiftsystemfortheaditexcavationtoexpeditetheprogress.Assoonaswereachthemaintunnelfromthisadit,athree-shiftsystemwillfollowimmediately.Ibelievegoodcooperationandunderstandingbetweenourtwopartieswillgetridofallthedifficultiesandobstaclesandwillleadtosmoothprogressoftheproject.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionADialogue2P:Itisgoodtohavethreeshifts;but,tomyknowledgeandexperience,youwillprobablyencountermoreandmorewaterasyougodownstream.Besides,astherainyseasonisdrawingnear,thehighriverwatersinthisseasoncouldoverflowthecofferdamintothepowerhousefoundationpitatanytime.So,Ihavetoremindyouthatsufficientsuitablepumpsmustbekeptavailableatthesitetohaveenoughdewateringcapacityforthelikelyevents.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionADialogue2L:Thankyou.Wehavealsonotedthat.C:Mr.Green,wewanttohavearadiocommunicationsystemtostrengthenthesitecoordinationandmanagement.Thesooner,thebetter.G:Idon’tthinkthisisaproblem.Iwillgetitforyouwithinoneweek,forsure.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionADialogue2C:Thankyou.Goodcooperationbetweenuswillcertainlyenhanceoursuccesswiththisproject.G:Icanassureyou,MissChen,Iwill,asalways,standfirmlybehindyouintheexecutionofthisproject.AndIbelievethat,throughourmutualefforts,thisprojectwillsurelybeasuccess.C:

SodoIUnit4ConstructionPlanningSectionANewWordsgeological[ˌdʒi:əˈlɒdʒɪkl]adj.Geologicalmeansrelatingtogeology.地质（学）的geology[dʒiˈɒlədʒi]n.Thegeologyofanareaisthestructureofitsland,togetherwiththetypesofrocksandmineralsthatexistwithinit.地质状况adit[ˈædɪt]n.anearlyhorizontalpassagefromthesurfaceintoamine.（通往矿内部的）横井granite[ˈgrænɪt]n.Graniteisaveryhardrockusedinbuilding.花岗石；花岗岩Dialogue2Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionANewWordsportal[ˈpɔ:tl]n.Aportalisalargeimpressivedoorwayattheentrancetoabuilding.正门；宏伟的大门reinforcement[ˌri:ɪnˈfɔ:smənt]n.Thereinforcementofsomethingistheprocessofmakingitstronger.增强;加强;加固expedite[ˈekspədaɪt]v.Ifyouexpeditesomething,youcauseittobedonemorequickly.使加速完成;促进encounter[ɪnˈkaʊntə(r)]v.Ifyouencounterproblemsordifficulties,youexperiencethem.遇到，遭遇（问题、困难）Dialogue2Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionANewWordsoverflow[ˌəʊvəˈfləʊ]v.Ifaliquidorariveroverflows,itflowsovertheedgesofthecontainerorplaceitisin.漫出；溢出；泛滥pump[pʌmp]n.Apumpisamachineordevicethatisusedtoforcealiquidorgastoflowinaparticulardirection.泵；抽水机；打气筒enhance[ɪnˈhɑ:ns]v.Toenhancesomethingmeanstoimproveitsvalue,quality,orattractiveness.提高，增进，增加（价值、质量、吸引力等）mutual[ˈmju:tʃuəl]adj.Youusemutualtodescribesomethingsuchasaninterestwhichtwoormorepeopleshare.共同的;共有的Dialogue2Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionAPhrasesandExpressionsDialogue2powergeneration发电soundcondition完好的状况openexcavation明挖Unit4ConstructionPlanningcatchupwiththeschedule赶计划SectionAPhrasesandExpressionsDialogue2weatheredrock风化岩石theworkisnowonthetrack工作走上轨道specificmeasure具体的措施two-shiftsystem两班制Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionAPhrasesandExpressionspowerhousefoundationpit厂房基坑dewatercapacity排水能力radiocommunicationsystem无线电通信系统Dialogue2Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionAExercise1Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothedialogues.1.Althoughtheconstructionactivitieshavebeengoingsmoothly,therearesomeproblemsconcerningexportpermits.2.Theyhaveplaced3,100cubicmetresofconcrete,anditwillbefinishedwithinthenextfewdaysandonschedule.3.Itisarequirementofthecontractthatwheneverrevisetheschedule,onemust

submittherevisedscheduletotheContractorforapprovalUnit4ConstructionPlanningSectionAExercise14.AsrepresentativesoftheContractor,Mr.LiandMr.Chendiscussedmeasures

tomakeareasonableconstructionplanwiththerepresentativesoftheOwner,Mr.GreenandMr.Paul.5.Astherainyseasonisdrawingnear,thehighriverwatersinthisseasoncouldoverflowthecofferdamintothepowerhousefoundationpitatanytime.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionAExercise2Oralpractice:Pairwork.Usethequestionsbelowtointerviewyourpartner.Thenchangeroles.1.Whatisthepurposeofthemeetingindialogue1?

。2.Canyougiveusanaccountoftheconstructionprogressforthecofferdammentionedindialogue1?

。

Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionAExercise23.Whatisgranite?

。

4.Indialogue2,whatmeasuresaretakentocatchupwiththeschedule?

。5.Howtohaveenoughdewateringcapacityforthelikelyhighriverwatersoverflowingthecofferdamintothepowerhousefoundationpit?

。Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionAExercise3PracticalActivity:Workwithyourpartnerandmakeaconversation.Supposeyouarerepresentativeofthecontractor:WestChinaConstructionCompany,yourpartneristherepresentativeoftheowner.Makeadialoguewithyourpartnertodiscusstheprogressofaprojectorthemeasurestocatchupwiththeschedule.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionBConstructionPlanningConstructionplanninginvolvesboththemanagementandexecutionofconstructionprojects.Itallowsprojectmanagementteamstocoordinateresourcesthroughoutthecycleofaprojectaswellastoachievecompletiongoals.Effectiveconstructionplanningaccountsforeveryaspectofaprojectandintegratesthedailyrealityofajobsitewithmodernbusinessmanagementtechniques.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionBConstructionPlanningPlanningisanecessarystepinconstructionbecauseitfacilitatesthesuccessfulorganizationandmanagementofconstructionsites.Infact,itisbecomingmorecommontoprovideasemi-formaldescriptionofthedifferenttasksinvolvedinconstructionsites.Inthisline,buildinginformationmodelling(BIM)

isagoodexampleofmodellingframeworktosupportknowledgemanagementinconstruction

.Planningmusttakeintoaccounthowthedifferentspecialists,contractorsanddedicatedmachinerywillbedeployedintheconstructionsite.Thefinalgoalistoreducebothcostandtimebyanalyzingtheavailabilityoftheseresources(includinghumanresources)andthetimeconstraintsassociatedwiththedifferenttasks.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionBConstructionPlanningThedevelopmentofaconstructionplanisverymuchanalogoustothedevelopmentofagoodfacilitydesign.Theplannermustweighthecostsandreliabilityofdifferentoptionswhileatthesametimeinsuringtechnicalfeasibility.Constructionplanningismoredifficultinsomewayssincethebuildingprocessisdynamicasthesiteandthephysicalfacilitychangeovertimeasconstructionproceeds.Ontheotherhand,constructionoperationstendtobefairlystandardfromoneprojecttoanother,whereasstructuralorfoundationdetailsmightdifferconsiderablyfromonefacilitytoanother.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionBConstructionPlanningFormingagoodconstructionplanisanexceptionallychallengingproblem.Therearenumerouspossibleplansavailableforanygivenproject.Whilepastexperienceisagoodguidetoconstructionplanning,eachprojectislikelytohavespecialproblemsoropportunitiesthatmayrequireconsiderableingenuityandcreativitytoovercomeorexploit.Unfortunately,itisquitedifficulttoprovidedirectguidanceconcerninggeneralproceduresorstrategiestoformgoodplansinallcircumstances.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionBConstructionPlanningTherearesomerecommendationsorissuesthatcanbeaddressedtodescribethe

characteristics

ofgoodplans,butthisdoesnotnecessarilytellaplannerhowtodiscoveragoodplan.However,asinthedesignprocess,strategiesof

decomposition

inwhichplanningisdividedintosub-problemsand

hierarchicalplanning

inwhichgeneralactivitiesarerepeatablysubdividedintomorespecifictaskscanbereadilyadoptedinmanycases.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionBConstructionPlanningFromthestandpointof

constructioncontractors

ortheconstructiondivisionsoflargefirms,theplanningprocessforconstructionprojectsconsistsofthreestagesthattakeplacebetweenthemomentinwhichaplannerstartstheplanfortheconstructionofafacilitytothemomentinwhichtheevaluationofthefinaloutputoftheconstructionprocessisfinished.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionBConstructionPlanningThe

estimate

stageinvolvesthedevelopmentofacostanddurationestimatefortheconstructionofafacilityaspartoftheproposalofacontractortoanowner.Itisthestageinwhichassumptionsofresourcecommitmenttothenecessaryactivitiestobuildthefacilityaremadebyaplanner.Acarefulandthoroughanalysisofdifferentconditionsimposedbytheconstructionprojectdesignandbysitecharacteristicsaretakenintoconsiderationtodeterminethebestestimate.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionBConstructionPlanningThesuccessofacontractordependsuponthisestimate,notonlytoobtainajobbutalsotoconstructthefacilitywiththehighestprofit.Theplannerhastolookforthetime-costcombinationthatwillallowthecontractortobesuccessfulinhiscommitment.Theresultofahighestimatewouldbetolosethejob,andtheresultofalowestimatecouldbetowinthejob,buttolosemoneyintheconstructionprocess.Whenchangesaredone,theyshouldimprovetheestimate,takingintoaccountnotonlypresenteffects,butalsofutureoutcomesofsucceedingactivities.Itisveryseldomthecaseinwhichtheoutputoftheconstructionprocessexactlyechoestheestimateofferedtotheowner.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionBConstructionPlanningInthe

monitoringandcontrolstage

oftheconstructionprocess,theconstructionmanagerhastokeepconstanttrackofbothactivities’durationsandongoingcosts.Itismisleadingtothinkthatiftheconstructionofthefacilityisonscheduleoraheadofschedule,thecostwillalsobeontheestimateorbelowtheestimate,especiallyifseveralchangesaremade.Constantevaluationisnecessaryuntiltheconstructionofthefacilityiscomplete.Whenworkisfinishedintheconstructionprocess,andinformationaboutitisprovidedtotheplanner,thethirdstageoftheplanningprocesscanbegin.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionBConstructionPlanningThe

evaluation

stageistheoneinwhichresultsoftheconstructionprocessarematchedagainsttheestimate.Aplannerdealswiththisuncertaintyduringtheestimatestage.Onlywhentheoutcomeoftheconstructionprocessisknownishe/sheabletoevaluatethevalidityoftheestimate.Itisinthislaststageoftheplanningprocessthatheorshedeterminesiftheassumptionswerecorrect.Iftheywerenotorifnewconstraintsemerge,he/sheshouldintroducecorrespondingadjustmentsinfutureplanning.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionBConstructionPlanningInordertodoaproperplanningofaconstructionsite,andhavinginmindthattheminimisationofidleresourceswillhaveapositiveimpactincostandtime,itisimportanttodistinguishbetweentasksthatmustbesequentiallyimplemented(forexample,terrainmovementmustbefinishedbeforetheconstructionofaconcretesurfacebedstarts)andtasksthatcouldbeimplementedinparallel.Duetoitssimplicityandtheavailabilityoftools,

Ganttdiagrams

areaverygoodoptiontospecifythetemporalplanninganddifferentphasesofaconstructionsite.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionBConstructionPlanningConstructionprojectplanningisnevertrulyfinisheduntilaprojectiscompleted.Theprojectplanmayreturntotheplanningstagemultipletimespriortoprojectcompletion,orevenabandoned.Generally,projectcomplexitydeterminesthelengthoftheprojectplanningstage.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionBNewWordsexecution[ˌeksɪˈkjuʃn]n.theactofdoingapieceofwork,performingaduty,orputtingaplanintoaction.实行；执行coordinate[kəʊˈɔ:dɪneɪt]v.Ifyouco-ordinateanactivity,youorganizethevariouspeopleandthingsinvolvedinit.协调;调和integrate[ˈɪntɪɡreɪt]v.

Ifyouintegrateonethingwithanother,oronethingintegrateswithanother,thetwothingsbecomecloselylinkedorformpartofawholeideaorsystem.Youcanalsosaythattwothingsintegrate.(使)成为一体;(使)结合;(使)合并Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionBNewWordsdeploy[dɪˈplɔɪ]v.tousesomethingeffectively有效地利用；调动analogous[əˈnæləgəs]adj.Ifonethingisanalogoustoanother,thetwothingsaresimilarinsomeway.相似的；类似的；可比拟的dynamic[daiˈnæmɪk]adj.Adynamicprocessisonethatconstantlychangesandprogresses.动态的;发展变化的Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionBNewWordsexceptionally[ɪkˈsepʃənəli]adv.Exceptionalsituationsandincidentsareunusualandonlylikelytohappenveryinfrequently.例外地；特殊地ingenuity[ɪndʒəˈnju:əti]n.Ingenuityisskillatworkingouthowtoachievethingsorskillatinventingnewthings.心灵手巧;善于创造发明decomposition[di’kɒmpəˈzɪʃn]n.separationofasubstanceintotwoormoresubstances分解Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionBNewWordsstandpoint[ˈstændpɔɪnt]n.

Fromaparticularstandpointmeanslookingatanevent,situation,orideainaparticularway.角度；立场；立足点commitment[kəˈmɪtmənt]n.

Acommitmentissomethingwhichregularlytakesupsomeofyourtimebecauseofanagreementyouhavemadeorbecauseofresponsibilitiesthatyouhave.承诺;责任;义务schedule[ˈʃedju:l]n.Youcanusescheduletorefertothetimeorwaysomethingisplannedtobedone.Forexample,ifsomethingiscompletedonschedule,itiscompletedatthetimeplanned.计划的时间(或方式)Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionBNewWordsminimization[ˌmɪnɪmaɪ'zeɪʃən]n.Theactofreducingsomethingtotheleastpossibleamountordegreeorposition.极小化；最小化sequentially[sɪ'kwenʃəlɪ]adv.Inaconsecutivemanner.按顺序地Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionBPhrasesandExpressionsconstructionplanning工程计划accountfor(数量或比例上）占constructionsite建筑工地；施工现场inthisline在这方面；在这一领域Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionBPhrasesandExpressionsbuildinginformationmodelling(BIM)建筑信息建模timeconstraint时间限制constructioncontractor工程承包商;

施工承包商costanddurationestimate成本与工期估算Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionBPhrasesandExpressionstakeintoconsideration考虑到monitoringandcontrolstage监控阶段onschedule准时；如期aheadofschedule提前Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionBPhrasesandExpressionsevaluation

stage评估阶段Ganttdiagram甘特图Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionBExercise11.Constructionplanninginvolvesthemanagementand

ofconstructionprojects.A.theinfluenceB.thedesignC.executionD.thecostChoosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionBExercise12.Thereasonswhytheconstructionplanningismoredifficultisthatthebuildingprocessisdynamicas

changeovertimeasconstructionproceeds.

A.thesiteandthephysicalfacilityB.thestaffandthesiteC.thedurationanddeadlineD.theplannerandthecontractorUnit4ConstructionPlanningSectionBExercise13.Inthedesignprocess,strategiesofdecomposition

inwhichplanningisdividedinto

inwhichgeneralactivitiesarerepeatablysubdividedintomorespecifictaskscanbereadilyadoptedinmanycases.A.majorproblemsand

minorproblemsB.nearplanningandfutureplanningC.temporalplanningandfinalplanningD.sub-problemsand

hierarchicalplanningUnit4ConstructionPlanningSectionBExercise14.Whichofthefollowingstagesisnotincludedintheconstructionplanningprocess?A.The

estimate

stage.B.Theamendingstage.C.Themonitoringandcontrolstage.D.The

evaluation

stage.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionBExercise15.Inthe

monitoringandcontrolstage

oftheconstructionprocess,theconstructionmanagerhastokeepconstanttrackofbothactivities’durationsand

.A.quality

B.risksC.ongoingcosts

D.schedulesUnit4ConstructionPlanningSectionBExercise2Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.durationexecutionsequentiallydecompositionanalogouscommitmentdeployedscheduleconstraintsexceptionallyUnit4ConstructionPlanningSectionBExercise21.Formingagoodconstructionplanisan

challengingproblem.2.Thedevelopmentofaconstructionplanisverymuch

tothedevelopmentofagoodfacilitydesign.3.Itismisleadingtothinkthatiftheconstructionofthefacilityisonscheduleoraheadof

,thecostwillalsobeontheestimateorbelowtheestimate,especiallyifseveralchangesaremade.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionBExercise24.Itisimportanttodistinguishbetweentasksthatmustbe

implementedandtasksthatcouldbeimplementedinparallel.5.Thefinalgoalofconstructionplanningistoreducebothcostandtimebyanalyzingtheavailabilityoftheresources(includinghumanresources)andthetime

associatedwiththedifferenttasks.6.However,asinthedesignprocess,strategiesof

inwhichplanningisdividedintosub-problemsand

hierarchicalplanning

.

Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionBExercise27.Planningmusttakeintoaccounthowthedifferentspecialists,contractorsanddedicatedmachinerywillbe

intheconstructionsite.8.The

estimate

stageinvolvesthedevelopmentofacostand

estimatefortheconstructionofafacilityaspartoftheproposalofacontractortoanowner.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionBExercise29.Constructionplanninginvolvesboththemanagementand

ofconstructionprojects.10.Theestimatestageisthestageinwhichassumptionsofresource

tothenecessaryactivitiestobuildthefacilityaremadebya

planner.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionBExercise3TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.Constructionplanninginvolvesboththemanagementandexecutionofconstructionprojects.Itallowsprojectmanagementteamstocoordinateresourcesthroughoutthecycleofaprojectaswellastoachievecompletiongoals.

，

。

Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionBExercise3TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.2.Planningmusttakeintoaccounthowthedifferentspecialists,contractor