广东省名校2023-2024学年高一下学期第三次段考英语试题 （解析版）

2023-2024学年春季学期高一年级第三次段考英语试题本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，共15页，满分150分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1、答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和学号填写在答题卡密封线内相应的位置上，用2B铅笔将自己的学号填涂在答题卡上。2、选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案;不能答在试卷上。3、非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔在答题卡上作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上，超出指定区域的答案无效;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4、考生必须保持答题卡的整洁和平整。第一部分基础知识(共30分)一、单选题(本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分)1.WiththeCollegeEntranceExaminationdrawingnear,manystudentsareunderpressurefromheavystudy_________.A.load B.shade C.gravity D.desire【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着高考的临近，许多学生承受着繁重的学习负担。A.load负担；B.shade阴凉处；C.gravity重力；D.desire愿望，欲望。根据前文句意及常识可知，学生承受着繁重的学习负担。故选A。2.Thisfaultoccurred________,soIforgavehim.A.byaccident B.inamess C.inadvance D.bynature【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：这个错误是偶然发生的，所以我原谅了他。A.byaccident偶然地；B.inamess一团糟；C.inadvance提前；D.bynature天生地；分析句子结构可知，此处应为句子状语部分，结合soIforgavehim可知，此处为byaccident表示“偶然地”符合句意。故选A项。3.Thereason_______Jackdidn’ttakepartinthesportsmeetingwas_______hefellillsuddenly.A.why,that B.why,becauseC.that,because D.that,why【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查固定句型。句意：杰克没有参加运动会的原因是他突然生病了。thereasonwhy...is/wasthat...是固定句型，意为“……的原因是……”，其中why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句。故选A项。4.Iwonderhowhe_______thattotheteacher.A.daretosay B.daresaying C.notdaresay D.daredsay【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我不知道他怎么敢对老师说那种话。dare是情态动词，它的过去式是dared，后接动词原形。dared作行为动词时，要用daretodosth.，行为动词有数的变化，这句话的主语是he，其谓语的正确形式应该是darestosay，因此D选项正确，故选D。5.TheSpringFestivalis________asatraditionalholidaybytheChinesepeople.A.achieved B.observed C.argued D.updated【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：春节是作为传统节日被中国人民所庆祝。A.achieved实现；完成；B.observed观察；庆祝；C.argued争论；D.updated更新。根据“asatraditionalholiday”可知，春节是作为传统节日庆祝的。故选B。6.Sheisacustomer.Shegoestotheshoppingmalltwiceaweek.A.normal B.unique C.obvious D.regular【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她是一个常客。她每周去购物中心两次。A.normal正常；B.unique独特的；C.obvious明显的；D.regular有规律的，经常的。根据“Shegoestotheshoppingmalltwiceaweek”可知，她是常客，故选D。7.Afterashortbreak,they________theirdiscussion,hopingtoreachanagreement.A.accountedfor B.endedup C.wentafter D.carriedon【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在经过短暂的休息之后，他们继续进行讨论，希望能够达成一致协议。A.accountfor解释，占据（比例）；B.endup结束；C.goafter追逐，追求；D.carryon继续。根据横线后的“theirdiscussion”可知，他们要继续进行讨论。故选D项。8.Itissaidthatateam_______10advancedteacherswillgotoBeijingforameetingonTeachers’Day.A.consistingof B.isconsistedofC.consistsof D.consistedof【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据说，一个由10名高级教师组成的小组将在教师节当天前往北京开会。句中谓语动词为willgo，此处为非谓语，排除BC；consistof“由……组成”和team之间是主动关系，故用其现在分词作后置定语。故选A项。9.Thebirdflu_______throughAsiahasjumpedfrombirdstohumansatleast20timessofar,_______16persons.A.sweeping;killing B.swept;killingC.swept;tokill D.sweeping;killed【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：迄今为止，席卷亚洲的禽流感已从鸟类传播到人类至少20次，造成16人死亡。分析句子可知，第一空格处动词sweep充当定语修饰名词birdflu，二者之间是逻辑上的主动关系，应使用现在分词形式sweeping；第二空格处表示顺承的结果，应使用现在分词形式killing。故选A项。10.________howtodothehomework,Iwenttoaskmyteacherforhelp.A.Notknown B.NotknowingC.Notknow D.Notbeingknown【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于不知道如何做作业，我去找老师帮忙。分析可知，句中谓语是went，空格处用非谓语形式，I和know之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，否定词not位于现在分词前，故选B。11.Thefirstlandmark________myeyeistheQingshuiheBridge,theworld’slongestbridge________overpermafrost(永久冻土).A.tocatch;built B.caught;built C.catching;built D.tocatch;building【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：第一个吸引我眼球的地标是清水河大桥，这是世界上最长的修建在永久冻土上的大桥。第一空landmark前有序数词，后跟不定式作后置定语；第二空分析句子结构可知build在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语bridge构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故选A。12.Furtherresearchisneededto__________whyandwhattheseresultsmeanpracticallyforhumanhealth.A.figureout B.giveout C.markout D.tryout【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：需要进一步的研究来弄清楚这些结果对人类健康的实际意义和原因。A.figureout弄清楚，弄明白；B.giveout分发；C.markout划出；D.tryout参加……选拔。结合空后的“whyandwhattheseresultsmean”可知，此处指“弄清楚这些结果对人类健康的实际意义和原因”，故选A。13.Afterthemeeting,mostaudiencesleft,withonlyseveralvolunteers______onthescene,______theorganizersclearup.A.remaining;helped B.remaining;helpingC.remained;helped D.remained;helping【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：会议结束后，大多数观众都离开了，只有几名志愿者留在现场，帮助组织者清理现场。此处是with的复合结构，with+宾语+宾语补足语，remain与宾语volunteers构成主动的关系，因此使用其现在分词形式；该句的谓语动词是left，因此help应使用其非谓语形式，其与逻辑主语volunteers构成主动的关系，因此使用其现在分词形式。故答案为B。14.Wehaveanadviseronhandinthisactivity_______youhaveanyworriesorproblems.A.when B.nowthatC.though D.incase【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查状语从句。句意：这次活动我们有一名顾问随时待命，以防你有任何担心或问题。A.when当…时候；B.nowthat既然；C.though虽然，D.incase以防,所以。根据句意，此处应该选择incase，作目的状语从句，意为“以防你有任何的担心或问题”。故选D项。15.WhenTomgothomehesawamessageonthetablewhich_______hewouldbebacksoon.A.read B.reads C.toread D.reading【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：当汤姆回到家时，他看到桌子上有一条信息，上面写着他会很快回来。read(有……的字样，写着)是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语which(即先行词amessage)之间是主动关系，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态，谓语用过去式read。故选A项。16.Theflowershisfriendgavehimwilldieunless___everyday.A.watered B.watering C.water D.towater【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：他朋友送给他的花如果不天天浇水就会枯萎。分析句子结构并结合四个选项，unless后接省略形式，unless后完整的从句应该是unlesstheyarewateredeveryday，从句的主语与主句的主语相同，且从句中有be动词，所以省略从句的主语和be动词。故选A项。17._______withmyfearofskatingonice,Idecided_______askatingclub.A.Todeal;joining B.Dealing;tojoinC.Todeal;tojoin D.Dealing;joining【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了克服我对滑冰的恐惧，我决定加入一个滑冰俱乐部。dealwith处理，应对；join加入，参加。“为了克服我对滑冰的恐惧”作目的状语，用动词不定式todealwith；动词decided后跟不定式tojoin作宾语。故选C项。18.Thestudentsshould

_____theuniversity’sfacilitiestomakeprogress,_____isofvitalimportancetotheirjobprospect.A.takeintoaccount,what B.takeadvantageof,whichC.takechargeof,that D.takecareof,where【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词短语和定语从句。句意：学生应该利用大学的设施来取得进步，这对他们的就业前景是至关重要的。A.takeintoaccount考虑；B.takeadvantageof利用；C.takechargeof负责；D.takecareof照顾。根据“theuniversity’sfacilitiestomakeprogress”可知，学生应该利用大学的设施。指代前面的一件事，用关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句。故选B。19._______heisconcernedaboutisthathispetcat____________formorethanthreedays.A.That;lost B.What;hasbeenlostC.It;hasbeenlost D.What;lost【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查主语从句和时态语态。句意：他担心的是他的宠物猫已经走失三天多了。“heisconcernedabout”是主语从句，从句缺少宾语，表示“(他担心的)事情”，用连接代词what引导该从句；belost是表语从句中系动词和表语，结合时间状语formorethanthreedays可知，描述从过去持续到现在的状态，应用现在完成时态hasbeenlost。故选B项。20.Theproblem________nowhassomethingtodowithourwork.A.discussed B.beingdiscussedC.tobediscussed D.havingbeendiscussed【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：现在正在讨论的问题与我们的工作有关。“(discuss)now”作后置定语，discuss(讨论)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语Theproblem之间是被动关系，结合时间状语now可知，表示正在发生的事情，应用现在分词的被动式beingdiscussed，表被动和正在进行。故选B项。21.Anewlibraryandagymnasiuminourschool_________upsofarandtheywillbeputintouseverysoon.A.areset B.beingsetC.hasbeenset D.havebeenset【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，我们学校已经建立了一个新的图书馆和一个体育馆，很快就会投入使用。setup(建立)是句中谓语动词，与主语Anewlibraryandagymnasium(一个新的图书馆和一个体育馆)之间是被动关系，结合时间状语sofar可知，描述过去行为对现在的影响，应使用现在完成时态，又因主语是复数概念，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用现在完成时的被动语态，复数形式。故选D项。22.Whoisit____hasagoodgraspofFrenchinyourclass?A.\ B.thatC.what D.which【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查强调句型。句意：你们班谁的法语掌握得好?本句为强调句型的特殊疑问句句式，原陈述句为：Itis(sb.)thathasagoodgraspofFrenchinyourclass。用特殊疑问词who对被强调部分提问，并置于句首，其它部分不变。故选B项。23.ProfessorSmith,alongwithhisassistants,_______ontheprojectdayandnighttomeetthedeadline.A.isworking B.areworkingC.wereworking D.havebeenworking【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：史密斯教授和他的助手们为了赶在最后期限前完成这个项目，正在日夜工作。主语后有由alongwith...、with...、inadditionto...等附加成分时，谓语动词的人称和数不受这些附加成分影响，遵循就远原则，只与前面主语相关；句中ProfessorSmith是专有名词，谓语动词用单数形式，只有isworking符合要求。故选A项。24.NeithermyclassmatesnorI__________byourteacheryesterday.A.ampunished B.waspunishedC.werepunished D.hadbeenpunished【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：昨天我和我的同学都没有受到老师的惩罚。punish(惩罚)是谓语动词，与主语myclassmates和I之间是被动关系，结合时间状语yesterday可知，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态，又因neither...nor...连接名词作主语时，遵循就近原则，故助动词用was。故选B项。25.Heactsasifhe_______aprofessorinthefield.A.was B.hasbeenC.is D.were【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他的行为就好像他是这个领域的教授一样。asif引导方式状语从句，结合句意可知，他并不是这个领域的教授，这是与现在事实相反的情况，应使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用过去式，be动词常用were。故选D项。26.Onthewall_________________.A.hangsthenewcouple’sweddingphotograph.B.thenewcouple’sweddingphotographhangs.C.thenewcouple’sweddingphotographhangingD.hangingthenewcouple’sweddingphotograph【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查倒装句。句意：墙上挂着这对新婚夫妇的结婚照。分析句子可知，介词短语Onthewall置于句首，句子使用了完全倒装，将整个谓语置于主语之前。原句为：Thenewcouple’sweddingphotographhangsonthewall.倒装后为：Onthewallhangsthenewcouple’sweddingphotograph.故选A项。27.Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreen,they________sevendropsofwaterorjuice.A.wouldreward B.wouldberewardedC.rewarded D.wererewarded【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：如果猴子触摸屏幕的左侧，它们将被奖励七滴水或果汁。分析句子可知，句子为if引导的条件状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去将来时。主语they与reward为被动关系，用过去将来时的被动语态。过去将来时的被动语态的构成：wouldbedone。故选B项。28.Hewaslisteningcarefullyinclass,hisattention_______ontheblackboard.A.focused B.focusingC.focus D.werefocused【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他上课认真听讲，注意力集中在黑板上。“hisattention_______ontheblackboard”是独立主格结构作伴随状语，focus意为“集中(注意力、精力)于”，用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语hisattention之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故选A项。29.Hewaswalkingtoschool_______abicycleranintohim.A.that B.whereC.when D.which【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查固定句型。句意：他正在上学的路上，突然一辆自行车撞到了他。bedoing...when...是固定句型，意为“正在……，这时……”。故选C项。30.Theothers’hadcomplainedthatSarahwasn’t_________.Asaresult,theyhadtocopewithmoreworkload.A.playingsafe B.gettingaloadofitC.risingtoherfeet D.pullingherweight【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：其他人都抱怨莎拉没有尽到自己的责任。结果，他们不得不应付更多的工作量。A.playingsafe谨慎行事；B.gettingaloadofit得到很多麻烦；C.risingtoherfeet恢复过来；D.pullingherweight尽她的责任。根据下文“theyhadtocopewithmoreworkload”可推知，莎拉没有尽到自己的责任，所以其他人要帮她完成工作。故选D项。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，本题共25小题，每小题2分，共50分)第一节阅读理解(15小题，每小题2.5分，共37.5分)AYoumighthaveheardalotaboutancienttownsandancientcitiesinChina.Here,welistseveralofthemostbeautifulancientvillagesinChina.BaoshanStoneCity,YunnanProvinceBaoshaoStoneCitywasbuiltonahugemushroom-shapedrock,andonlyhasaboutonehundredhouses.Thehousesarelaidoutinanorderlyway,builtontherock,andlinkedbystonesteps.TheNaxipeopletherestillleadanoriginallifeandgrowcropsinterraces;youcanexperiencethecolorfulcultureoftheNaxiethnicgroupthere.TuvasVillageinKanas,XinjiangKanasTuvasVillageisnearthemysteriousLakeKanas.Thesmallvillageislocatedinavalley,andonlyhasabout80houses.TheseSwiss-stylewoodenhousesareallsurroundedbywoodenfences.Tuvasisanancientminoritygroup.Theytraditionallylivedashunter-gathers.Youcanvisitalocalfamily,goherdingwiththelocalsandexperiencethepeacefulancientvillagelife.JiajiuTibetanVillage,Danba,SichuanProvinceJiajuTibetanVillageisknownasthe“Tibetanfairyland”.Itstandsonamountainslope,andconsistsofabout140houses.Theseuniquehousesareallbuiltwithcrown-shapedroofs,redcaves,andwhitewalls,whichmakethehouseslooklikelittlecastlesamongtheforest.XijiangMiaoVillage,GuizhouProvinceIfyou’reinterestedintheMiaoMinority,XijiangMiaoVillagecanbeagreatdestinationfordeepeningyourunderstandingofMiaohistoryandculture.It’sthelargestMiaovillageinChina,andnowhas1432householdswithapopulationofover5000,ofwhich99.5%areMiaoethnicgroup.It’salsofamousforthehousesbuiltonstiltsofdifferentheights.31WhatcanyoudoinKanasTuvasVillage?A.Hikeinterraces. B.Gohuntingwiththelocals.C.Seehousesofaforeignstyle. D.Learnabouthousesbuiltonstilts.32.Wherecanyouadmirethehouseslikecastles?A.InBaoshanStoneCity B.InJiajuTibetanVillageC.InKanasTuvasVillage D.InXijiangMiaoVillage33.Whatdothevillagesmentionedinthetexthaveincommon?A.Theyweresecrettotheoutsideworldinthepast.B.Theywereoriginallybuilttodefendtheirhomeland.C.Theyaretheethnicvillageswithuniquearchitecture.D.Theyarestillcutoffanddifficulttoaccessnowadays.【答案】31.C32.B33.C【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了四个中国美丽古村落的详细情况及独特的建筑风格。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据TuvasVillageinKanas,Xinjiang部分的“TheseSwiss-stylewoodenhousesareallsurroundedbywoodenfences.(这些瑞士风格的木屋都被木栅栏包围着)”可知这里瑞士风格的木屋被木栅栏包围着，即在这里你可以看到外国风格的房子，故选C。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据JiajuTibetanVillage,Danba,SichuanProvince部分的“Theseuniquehousesareallbuiltwithcrown-shapedroofs,redcaves,andwhitewalls,whichmakethehouseslooklikelittlecastlesamongtheforest.(这些独特的房子都有皇冠状的屋顶，红色的洞穴和白色的墙壁，使房子看起来像森林中的小城堡)”可知，在JiajuTibetanVillage你可以欣赏到像城堡一样的房子，故选B。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“BaoshaoStoneCitywasbuiltonahugemushroom-shapedrock,andonlyhasaboutonehundredhouses.Thehousesarelaidoutinanorderlyway,builtontherock,andlinkedbystonesteps.(保韶石城建在巨大的蘑菇状岩石上，只有大约一百间房屋。房屋建在岩石上，以有序的方式布局，由石阶连接)”；第三段“TheseSwiss-stylewoodenhousesareallsurroundedbywoodenfences.(这些瑞士风格的木屋都被木栅栏包围着)”；第四段“Theseuniquehousesareallbuiltwithcrown-shapedroofs,redcaves,andwhitewalls,whichmakethehouseslooklikelittlecastlesamongtheforest.(这些独特的房子都有皇冠状的屋顶，红色的洞穴和白色的墙壁，使房子看起来像森林中的小城堡)”以及最后一段“It’salsofamousforthehousesbuiltonstiltsofdifferentheights.(它还以不同高度的高跷房屋而闻名)”可知，文中提到的村庄的共同之处是它们是具有独特建筑风格的民族村寨。故选C。BAteleven,Idecidedtolearntoswim.TherewasapoolattheYMCAofferingexactlytheopportunity.Mymotheralwayswarnedagainstit,andkeptfreshinmymindthedetailsofeachdrowningintheriver.ButtheYMCApoolwassafe.Ihadachildhoodfearofwater.ThisstartedwhenIwasthreeyearsoldandmyfathertookmetothebeach.Thehugewavesknockedmedownandsweptoverme.Thepoolwasquiet.Iwasafraidofgoinginallalone,soIsatononesideofthepooltowaitforothers.Thencameabigboy.Heyelled,“Hi,how’dyouliketointhewater?”Withthathepickedmeupandthrewmeintothedeepend.Ilandedinasittingposition,andswallowedwater.ButIwasnotfrightenedoutofmywits—whenmyfeethitthebottom,Iwouldmakeabigjumptocomeoutofthesurface.Itseemedalongwaydown.IgatheredallmystrengthwhenIlandedandmadewhatIthoughtwasagreatspringupwards.ThenIopenedmyeyesandsawnothingbutwater.Itriedtoyellbutnosoundcameout.Iwentdown,down,endlessly.WhenIcametoconsciousness,Ifoundmyselflyingonthebedinthehospital.Ineverwentbacktothepool.IavoidedwaterwheneverIcould.Thismisadventurestayedwithmeastheyearsrolledby.Itdeprived(剥夺)meofthejoyofboatingandswimming.Finally,Idecidedtogetaninstructor.Piecebypiece,hebuiltaswimmer.Severalmonthslater,theinstructorwasfinished,butIwasnot.Sometimestheterrorwouldreturn.ThiswentonuntilJuly.IswamacrosstheLakeWentworth.Onlyoncedidtheterrorreturn.WhenIwasinthemiddleofthelake,Iputmyfaceunderandsawnothingbutbottomlesswater.Ilaughedandsaid,“Well,Mr.Terror,whatdoyouthinkyoucandotome?”Ihadovercomemyfearofwater.34.Theauthor’soriginalfearofwaterwascausedby______.A.hispoorskillinswimming B.hismother’swarningofdrowningC.anoutingtothebeachwithhisfather D.anunpleasantmemoryofthepool35.Whywastheauthornotscaredtodeathwhenhewasthrownintothewater?A.Heknewhowtoswiminthepool. B.HefeltthattheYMCApoolwassafe.C.Hewaswaitingforotherstosavehim. D.Hecameupwithanideatogoupwards.36.Byexpressing“butIwasnot”inParagraph5,theauthorprobablymeans______.A.hewasstillapoorswimmerB.hehadnotovercomethefearyetC.hewasnotafraidofdrowninganymoreD.hewasnotsatisfiedwiththeswimmingtraining37Whatdoestheauthor’sexperiencewithswimmingteachusaboutovercomingfear?A.Itisimportanttofaceourfearshead-on.B.Itisbettertoavoidsituationsthatcausefear.C.Itisimpossibletoovercomedeep-seatedfears.D.Itisbesttorelyonotherstohelpusovercomefear.【答案】34.C35.D36.B37.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在海难被巨浪打翻和在泳池被大男孩扔进深水区惊险经历导致他怕水，后来他决定聘请教练学习游泳并最终克服对水的恐惧。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Ihadachildhoodfearofwater.ThisstartedwhenIwasthreeyearsoldandmyfathertookmetothebeach.Thehugewavesknockedmedownandsweptoverme.(我小时候就怕水。这始于我三岁的时候，我父亲带我去海滩。巨浪把我打倒，把我卷了过去)”可知，作者最初对水的恐惧源于和父亲去海滩游玩，被巨浪打翻的经历。故选C项。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“ButIwasnotfrightenedoutofmywits—whenmyfeethitthebottom,Iwouldmakeabigjumptocomeoutofthesurface.(但我并没有被吓得魂飞神离——当我的脚触到底部时，我就会猛地一跳，跳出水面)”可知，作者之所以不是太害怕是因为他可以用脚触到泳池底部后往上跳，找到了向上露出水面的方法。故选D项。【36题详解】词句猜测题。划线部分上文“Finally,Idecidedtogetaninstructor.Piecebypiece,hebuiltaswimmer.Severalmonthslater,theinstructorwasfinished(最后，我决定找个教练。他一点一点地培养了一个游泳者。几个月后，教练的工作完成了)”讲作者学会了游泳，教练完成了工作。但根据下文“butIwasnot.

Sometimestheterrorwouldreturn.(但我还没有。有时恐惧又会回来)”可知，上下文有转折关系，说明虽然教练完成了工作，但作者还没有，他仍然没有克服对水的恐惧。“butIwasnot”与“hehadnotovercomethefearyet”同义。故选B项。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“WhenIwasinthemiddleofthelake,Iputmyfaceunderandsawnothingbutbottomlesswater.Ilaughedandsaid,“Well,Mr.Terror,whatdoyouthinkyoucandotome?”(当我游到湖中央时，我把脸埋在下面，除了看不到底的水什么也没看到。我笑着说：“好吧，恐怖先生，你觉得你能把我怎么样?”)”和最后一段中“Ihadovercomemyfearofwater.(我已经克服了对水的恐惧)”可知，作者在湖中央勇敢面对自己的恐惧并最终战胜了它。所以作者的经历告诉我们要直面恐惧，才能战胜它。故选A项。COneoftheocean’snoisiestcreaturesissmallerthanyou’dexpect—snappingshrimp(鼓虾).Theycreateawidespreadbackgroundnoiseintheunderwaterenvironment,whichhelpsthemcommunicate,protecttheirhomesandhuntforfood.Whenenoughshrimpsnap(发出噼啪声)atonce,thenoisecanbedeafening.AranMooney,abiologistatWoodsHoleOceanographicInstitution,suggestedthatwithincreasedoceantemperatures,snappingshrimpwillsnapmoreoftenandlouderthanbefore.Thiscouldraisethebackgroundnoiseoftheglobalocean.“Theymakeasoundbyclosingaclawsofast.Thismakesabubble(泡泡)andwhenthatbubblebursts,itmakesthatsnappingsound,”saidMooney.Mooneydiscoveredastrongrelationshipbetweenwarmerwatersandmorefrequentsnappingshrimpsoundsafterexperimentingwiththeshrimpintanksinthelabandbylisteningtotheshrimpintheoceanatvariouswatertemperatures.“Asthetemperaturerises,thesnaprateincreases,”hesaid.Thismakessensebecauseshrimpareessentiallycold-bloodedanimals,meaningtheirbodytemperatureandactivitylevelsarelargelycontrolledbytheirlivingenvironment.“Wecanactuallyshowinthefieldthatnotonlydosnapratesincrease,butthesoundlevelsincreaseaswell.”Howtheloudersnappingshrimpwouldaffectorbenefitthesurroundingsremainedtobeseen.“Weknowthatfishusesoundtocommunicate,”Mooneysaid.“Iftheenvironmentgetsnoisy,ithasthepossibilitytoinfluencethatcommunication.That’ssomethingwehavetofollowupon.”Thereisalsothepossibilitythatthechangeofsnappingshrimpaffectsmachineshumansusetodiscovermines,whichcouldleadtounpleasantresults.38.Whatcanweknowaboutthesnappingshrimp’ssound?A.Itaimstoprotecttheshrimp. B.Itisimportanttotheecosystem.C.Ithasdifferentusesfortheshrimp. D.Itishardtobediscoveredbyothercreatures.39.HowdoesMooneydotheexperiment?A.Byobservingsnappingshrimpinthefield. B.Byrecordingthesnapratesinthelab.C.Byanalyzingthewayshrimpmakenoise. D.Bycomparingshrimp’ssoundindifferentplaces.40.WhatmightMooneyresearchnext?A.Otherusesofshrimp’ssound. B.Influencesofthenoiseonothercreatures.C.Meansofcommunicationamongfish. D.Methodsofstoppingshrimp’ssnapping.41.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.UnderwaterWorldIsNoLongerQuiet B.SmallAnimalsMakeaBigDifferenceC.WarmingOceansAreGettingLouder D.SnappingShrimp’sNoiseSpeaksMuch【答案】38.C39.D40.B41.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。鼓虾是一种体形很小却能发出很大声音的海洋生物，随着气候变暖，海水升温，鼓虾发出的声音也日益增大，这可能会影响其他海洋生物和人类。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Theycreateawidespreadbackgroundnoiseintheunderwaterenvironment,whichhelpsthemcommunicate,protecttheirhomesandhuntforfood.Whenenoughshrimpsnap(发出噼啪声)atonce,thenoisecanbedeafening.(它们在水下环境中产生广泛的背景噪音，这有助于它们交流、保护家园和寻找食物。当足够多的虾同时发出噼啪声，噪音可以震耳欲聋)”可知，鼓虾发出的声音有助于它们交流、保卫家园和寻找食物，即有多种作用。故选C。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Mooneydiscoveredastrongrelationshipbetweenwarmerwatersandmorefrequentsnappingshrimpsoundsafterexperimentingwiththeshrimpintanksinthelabandbylisteningtotheshrimpintheoceanatvariouswatertemperatures.(Mooney在实验室的水箱里对虾进行实验，并在不同的水温下聆听虾的声音，他发现温暖的海水和更频繁的鼓虾声之间存在着密切的联系)”可知，Mooney在实验室的水箱中用鼓虾做实验，并听各种水温里的鼓虾发出的声音。由此推知，他通过对比在不同地点鼓虾发出的声音进行实验。故选D。【40题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Weknowthatfishusesoundtocommunicate,”Mooneysaid.“Iftheenvironmentgetsnoisy,ithasthepossibilitytoinfluencethatcommunication.That’ssomethingwehavetofollowupon.”(“我们知道鱼是用声音来交流的，”Mooney说。“如果环境变得嘈杂，就有可能影响交流。我们必须对此进行跟进。”)”可知，Mooney认为应跟进这种噪音对鱼类交流的影响。由此推断，Mooney接下来可能会研究鼓虾发出的声音对其他生物的影响。故选B。【41题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“withincreasedoceantemperatures,snappingshrimpwillsnapmoreoftenandlouderthanbefore(随着海洋温度的升高，鼓虾的声音会比以前更频繁、更响亮)”可知，文章主要介绍了随着气候变暖，海水温度升高，鼓虾发出的声音也日益增大，发出声音的频率也增加，使海洋环境变得嘈杂，这可能会影响其他海洋生物和人类。C项“变暖的海洋变得更吵闹”形象贴切地总结了文章内容，最适合作为标题。故选C。DThere’sanewAIbot:ChatGPT,andyou’dbetterpayattention,evenifyouaren’tintoartificialintelligence.ThetoolisanAIchatbotsystemthatOpenAIreleasedinNovember2022toshowoffandtestwhataverylarge,powerfulAIsystemcanachieve.ChatGPTremembersthethreadofyourdialogue,usingpreviousquestionsandanswerstoinformitsnextresponses.ItderivesitsanswersfromhugevolumesofinformationontheInternet.ChatGPTisbuiltontopoftheOpenAIGPT-3familyoflargelanguagemodelsandisfine-tuned(amethodoftransferlearning)usingbothsupervisedandreinforcementlearning(监督和强化学习).YoucanaskChatGPTanything,likeexplainingphysics,askingforbirthdaypartyideasandgettingprogramminghelp.Perhapsit’snotsmartenoughtoreplaceallhumansyet,butitcanbecreative,anditsanswerscansounddownrightauthoritative.Afewdaysafteritslaunch,morethan1millionpeopleweretryingoutChatGPT.UBSanalystLloydWalmsleyestimatedinFebruary2023thatChatGPTreached100millionmonthlyusersinJanuary,accomplishingin2monthswhattookTikTokabout9monthsandInstagramtwoandahalfyears.ChatGPTisfreetouseatthemomentbecauseitisstillinitsresearchphase.Butwhentoomanypeoplehopontotheserver,itoverloadsandcan’tprocessyourrequest.Itjustmeansyoushouldtryvisitingthesiteatalatertimewhenfewerpeoplearetryingtoaccessit.Ifyouwanttoskipthewaitandhavereliableaccess,thereisanoptionforyou.AsofFeb.1,2023,OpenAIhasaChatGPTproplan,ChatGPTPlus,whichallowsuserstohavegeneralaccessevenduringpeaktimes.Thisservicedoescomeatacostof$20/month.However,ChatGPTcannotreplaceGoogle.ChatGPTisanartificialintelligencerobotthatprovidessolutionstoyourquestions,butGoogleisasearchengineinwhichyoucansearchforasmuchinformationaspossible.ChatGPThaslimitedknowledgeduetoitsprogrammingbutGooglehasunlimitedknowledgewhichisupdatedeveryday.42.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutChatGPT?A.Itsworkingtheory. B.Itslanguagemodel.C.Itsdesigninspiration. D.Itsdevelopmentprocess.43.Whydoestheauthorlistfiguresinparagraph3?A.ToshowthepopularityofChatGPT.B.TostressthehighcostofinventingChatGPT.C.Topresentthecreativityofartificialintelligence.D.Toprovethenecessityofdevelopingtoolsforchattingonline.44.WhatisChatGPTPlusintendedfor?A.Guidinguserstoexperiencefreeservices.B.Givinguserspriorityaccessduringpeakhours.C.Allowingnetsurferstoskipadvertisements.D.Helpingresearchersdetectthefailureofthesystem.45.WhatisalimitationofChatGPTcomparedwithGoogle?A.Itmayproviderepliesunrelatedtothequestions.B.ItcanonlyupdateinformationatafixedtimeC.Itneedslongertoprovidesolutions.D.Itoperatesbasedonlimiteddata.【答案】42.A43.A44.B45.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了ChatGPT的出现，市场反应，并对它的优点及弊端进行分析。【42题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“ChatGPTremembersthethreadofyourdialogue,usingpreviousquestionsandanswerstoinformitsnextresponses.ItderivesitsanswersfromhugevolumesofinformationontheInternet.ChatGPTisbuiltontopoftheOpenAIGPT-3familyoflargelanguagemodelsandisfine-tuned(amethodoftransferlearning)usingbothsupervisedandreinforcementlearning(监督和强化学习).(ChatGPT会记住你的对话线索，使用之前的问题和答案来告知下一步的回答。它的答案来源于互联网上的大量信息。ChatGPT建立在OpenAIGPT-3大型语言模型家族的基础上，并使用监督和强化学习进行微调（一种迁移学习方法）)”可知，第二段主要告诉我们关于ChatGPT的工作原理。故选A。【43题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Afewdaysafteritslaunch,morethan1millionpeopleweretryingoutChatGPT.UBSanalystLloydWalmsleyestimatedinFebruary2023thatChatGPTreached100millionmonthlyusersinJanuary,accomplishingin2monthswhattookTikTokabout9monthsandInstagramtwoandahalfyears.(上线几天后，超过100万人试用了ChatGPT。UBS分析师LloydWalmsley在2023年2月估计，ChatGPT在1月份的月用户数达到1亿，用了2个月就完成了TikTok约9个月和Instagram两年半的用户数)”可推知，作者在第3段列出数字是为了显示ChatGPT的受欢迎程度。故选A。【44题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“AsofFeb.1,2023,OpenAIhasaChatGPTproplan,ChatGPTPlus,whichallowsuserstohavegeneralaccessevenduringpeaktimes.

(截至2023年2月1日，OpenAI推出了ChatGPTpro计划，ChatGPTPlus，允许用户即使在高峰时段也可以访问)”可知，ChatGPTPlus的目的是在高峰时段给予用户优先访问权。故选B。【45题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“ChatGPThaslimitedknowledgeduetoitsprogrammingbutGooglehasunlimitedknowledgewhichisupdatedeveryday.(因为它的编程，ChatGPT的知识有限，但谷歌有无限的知识，每天都在更新)”可知，与Google相比，ChatGPT的局限性是基于有限的数据进行操作。故选D。第二节七选五(5小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Intheracetocatchupwiththechangingtime,weareforgettinghowtolivewithoutthesupportofourphones,laptops,andtablets.___46___Thefirstthingyouneedtodotounplugistoturnoffyourphonenotifications.Assoonaswehearanotificationdroponourphones—whetheritissomethingofimportanceornot—weareattractedtocheckit.Whenyou’renotworkingandarenotrequiredtocall,text,orreturnanemail,turnoffyourphone(orputitonsilentmode).___47___Iknowit’shardtostayawayfromyourphonewhenitkeepsbuzzingwithincomingtexts,calls,andemails.___48___Createarule:nophoneonthedinnertable,noreplyingtoworkemailsafterworkhours,etc.OneofthebestwaysthatIbelievecanhelpyoudisconnectisbeinginnature.___49___Justbeinthemoment.Listentothesongsofthebirds,breatheinsomefreshair,soakinthewarmraysofthesun.DidyouknowthatVitaminD—whichwecangetfromsunlight—isamazingforourmind,body,andsoul?___50___Oneofthebestwaystounplugistolearnanewhobby.Readabook(