新教材2024版高中英语课时作业9Unit9HumanBiologyPartATopicTalk北师大版选择性必修第三册

课时作业(九)Unit9PartATopicTalk阅读理解ATinymicrobes(微生物)areattheheartofanewagriculturaltechniquetomanageharmfulgreenhousegasemissions.Scientistshavediscoveredthatmicrobescanbeusedtoturncarbondioxideintosoil­enrichinglimestone(石灰岩)withthehelpofatypeoftreethatgrowsintropicalareas,suchasWestAfrica.Researchershavefoundthatwhentheirokotreeisgrownindry,acidicsoilandtreatedwithacombinationofnaturalfungi(真菌)andotherbacteria,notonlydoesthetreegrowwell,italsoproducesminerallimestoneinthesoilarounditsroots.Theirokotreemakesamineralbycombiningcalciumfromtheearthwithcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere.Bacteriathencreatetheconditionsunderwhichthismineralturnsintolimestone.Thediscoveryoffersanewwaytolockcarbondioxideintothesoil,keepingitoutoftheatmosphere.Inadditiontostoringcarbondioxideinthetrees'leavesandintheformoflimestone,themineralinthesoilmakesitmoresuitableforagriculture.Thediscoverycouldleadtoreforestationprojectsintropicalcountries,andhelpreducecarbondioxideemissionsintheatmosphereinthedevelopingworld.IthasalreadybeenusedinWestAfricaandisbeingtestedinBolivia,HaitiandIndia.Thefindingsweremadeinathree­yearprojectinvolvingresearchersfromtheUniversityofEdinburgh,Lausanne,GranadaandDelftUniversityofTechnology.Theprojectexaminedseveralmicrobiologicalmethodsforlockingcarbondioxideaslimestone,andtheiroko­bacteriawayshowedthebestresults.WorkwasfundedbytheEuropeanCommissionundertheFuture&EmergingTechnologies(FET)scheme.DrBryneNgwenyaoftheUniversityofEdinburgh'sSchoolofGeosciences,wholedtheresearch,said,“Bytakingadvantageofthisnaturallimestone­producingprocess,wehavealow­tech,safeandeasilyoperatingwaytolockcarbondioxideoutoftheatmosphere,whileimprovingfarmingconditionsintropicalcountries.”1．Thepassagemainlyintroduces________．A．someusefulnaturalfungiandbacteriaB．anewwaytodealwithgreenhousegasemissionsC．anewlyfoundtreeinWestAfricaD．thesoil­enrichinglimestonecreatedbyscientists2．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttinymicrobes?A．Mosttinymicrobeslikelivingindry,acidicsoil.B．Carbondioxidecanbebrokendownbynaturalfungiandbacteria.C．Themoregreenhousegasis,themoreactivetinymicrobesbecome.D．Tinymicrobesgetalongwellwiththeirokotreeinspecialsoil.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph3probablyreferto?A．Carbondioxide. B．Carbon.C．Soil. D．Limestone.4．Accordingtothepassage,whatcanweinfer?A．Theactionofthetinymicrobescanincreasetheoxygenintheearth.B．ResearchershavedonetheexperimentontreesinAfricaforthreeyears.C．Researcherstendtousenaturalpowertosolvetheirproblems.D．WestAfricaisoneofthemostpollutedareasallovertheworld.5．Accordingtothepassage,theiroko­bacteriamethod________.A．canbeusedtoimprovethefarminglandB．cansavealotofseriouslydestroyedwoodsC．hasbeenpopularizedinBolivia,HaitiandIndiaD．shouldbespreadallaroundtheworldinthefutureBInNewJersey,there'sarowofhouseswithagreenlawn(草坪)thatkidscan'tenjoy.“It'sreallyfrustrating.Theselawnsareuselesstome，”Alice,asuburbanmominNewJerseysaid.Shelivesinabeautifulcommunityfullofgreenlawns.It'sthemiddleofsummer,buttherearenodandelions(蒲公英)insight.Andthat'stheproblem:thelawnsaresogreenbecausethey'refullofpesticides(杀虫剂).Warningsignsurgeparentstokeepkidsoffthechemical­ladengrass.Alicesaysthatmostlawnsandparksinherareaarelikethis.Thereareplentyofthem,butherkidscan'tplayinthem.“Ijustwanttoletmybabyexperiencethegrass，”shesaid.“Also,I'msureit'snotgoodforanimals.Theotherday,awomanfoundadeaddeerinherbackyard.”Inthe1940s,peopleoftenmixedclover(三叶草)withgrasstokeeplawnsstrong,whichbenefitedtheenvironment.Butoverthelastfewdecades,pesticideshavetakenover.In2012,theworldspent$56billiononpesticides.Theygointofarms,lawns,parksandjustaboutanywherewherehumansgrowplants.Thesechemicalskeepparks'grassandflowersperfect.Theyjustmakethemuselessasactualparks.Thatmaybemorethanjustannoying.Newresearchhasshownthatplayisgoodforkids.Ithelpsthemdiscovertheworldandlearnhowtogetalongwithotherpeople.Butit'shardtogetenoughplayinwhentherearesofewpublicspaceswherekidscanplay.Andthefewthatexistareoftencoveredinchemicalsthatmakeparentsuncomfortable.Therearethingstotaketheplaceofpesticides,likeplantingalawnfullofclover.Besides,maybeadandelionhereorthereisn'ttheworstthing.6．Whydoparentsasktheirkidstokeepoffthegrass?A．Toshelterkidsfromdamage.B．Toprotecttheenvironment.C．Toletkidsavoidseeingthedeaddeer.D．Toletkidshavemoretimetostudy.7．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4?A．Cloverhasbeenpopularallthetime.B．Theworldfocusesonbuildingparks.C．Chemicalshelpcropsgrowwellintheparks.D．Nowadaysparksaren'twhattheyusedtobe.8．NewresearchonkidsinParagraph5ismentionedto________.A．showplayiskids'natureB．adviseplantingmorecloverC．presentchemicals'badeffectsonkidsD．encouragekidstogetonwellwithothersCTherewasonethoughtthatairpollutionaffectedonlytheareaimmediatelyaroundlargecitieswithfactoriesandheavytraffic.Atpresent,werealizethatalthoughthesearetheareaswiththeworstairpollution,theproblemisreallyworldwide.Onseveraloccasionsoverthepastdecade,aheavycloudofairpollutionhascoveredtheeastoftheUnitedStatesandbroughthealthwarningsindistantareasawayfromanyindustrialcities.Infact,theveryclimateoftheentireearthmaybeinfectedbyairpollution.Somescientistsconsiderthattheincreasingconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheairresultingfromtheburningoffossilfuels(coalandoil)iscreatinga“greenhouseeffect”—keepingheatreflectedfromtheearthandraisingtheworld'saveragetemperature.Ifthisviewiscorrectandtheworld'stemperatureisraisedonlyafewdegrees,muchofthepolaricecapwillmeltandcitiessuchasNewYork,Boston,Miami,andNewOrleanswillbeinwater.Anotherview,lesswidelyheld,isthatincreasingparticularmatterintheatmosphereisblockingsunlightandloweringtheearth'stemperature—aresultthatwouldbeequallydisastrous.Adropofjustafewdegreescouldcreatesomethingclosetoanewiceage,andwouldmakeagriculturedifficultorimpossibleinmanyofourtopfarmingareas.Todaywedonotknowforsurethateitheroftheseconditionswillhappen.Perhaps,ifweareluckyenough,thetwotendencieswilloffseteachotherandtheworld'stemperaturewillstayaboutthesameasitisnow.Drivenbyeconomicprofits,peopleignorethedamageonourenvironmentcausedbythe“advancedcivilization”.Maybetheairpollutionisthepricethehumanbeingshavetopayfortheirdevelopment.Butisitreallyworthwhile?9．Peopleusedtothinkthatairpollution________．A.causedwidespreaddamageinthecountrysideB.affectedtheentireeasternhalfoftheUnitedStatesC．hadaverybadeffectonhealthD．existedmerelyinurbanandindustrialareas10．Astothegreenhouseeffect,theauthor________．A．sharesthesameviewwiththescientistsB．isuncertainofitsoccurrenceC．rejectsitasbeingungroundedD．thinksthatitwilldestroytheworldsoon11．Theunderlinedword“offset”inthethirdparagraphcouldbereplacedby“________”．A.counteract B．breakfromC．getalong D．communicate12．Iftheworld'stemperatureloweredjustafewdegrees________．A．itwouldnotdomuchharmtolifeonearthB．itwouldleadmajorfarmingareastodisasterC．particularthingswouldincreasegreatlyintheatmosphereD．seasandoceanswouldfloodmanycities课时作业(九)阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家发觉在伊罗科树的帮助下，微生物可以将二氧化碳转化为石灰岩，这种方法可以用来处理温室气体。1．答案与解析：B主旨大意题。依据第一段首句可知，微生物是处理有害温室气体的农业新技术的核心，本文介绍的就是利用这种新技术处理温室气体的方法，故B项正确。2．答案与解析：D推理推断题。依据其次段内容可知，当伊罗科树生长在干燥、酸性的土壤中并经过自然真菌和其他细菌的组合处理后，它不仅生长良好，还会在根部四周的土壤中产生矿物质石灰岩。由此可知，在某种特别的土壤中，伊罗科树能够和微生物相处得很好，故D项正确。3．答案与解析：C词义揣测题。依据画线词所在句Inadditiontostoringcarbondioxideinthetrees'leavesandintheformoflimestone,themineralinthesoilmakesitmoresuitableforagriculture.可知，除了在树叶中和以石灰岩的形式储存二氧化碳外，土壤中的矿物质使土壤更适合农业生产。由此可知，it指代的就是前面提到的“土壤”，故C项正确。4．答案与解析：C推理推断题。依据倒数其次段中的Theprojectexaminedseveralmicrobiologicalmethodsforlockingcarbondioxideaslimestone,andtheiroko-bacteriawayshowedthebestresults.可知，该项目探讨了多种将二氧化碳锁定为石灰岩的微生物方法，其中伊罗科树与细菌结合的方法效果最好。再结合最终一段内容可知，探讨人员倾向于运用自然力气来解决温室气体的问题，故C项正确。5．答案与解析：A细微环节理解题。依据最终一段中DrBryneNgwenya的话可知，通过利用这种自然的石灰岩生产过程，“我们”有了一种不涉及高科技的、平安的、易于操作的方法来阻挡二氧化碳进入大气，同时改善热带国家的农业条件。由此可知，这种方法能