中学初中英语语法-主谓一致详解

主谓一致详解

【基础知识】

主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。对大多数人来说，往往会在掌握主语和随后

的谓语动词之间的一致问题上遇到困难。一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则

支配：

语法一致原则(grammaticalconcord)

意义一致原则(notionalconcord)

就近原则(principleofproximity)

(一)语法一致原则

用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致，就是语法一致。也就是说,

如果名词中心词是单数，动词用单数形式；如果名词中心词是复数，动词用复数形式。例如:

Thistableisagenuineantique.

Bothpartieshavetheirownadvantages.

Herjobhassomethingtodowithcomputers.

Shewantstogohome.

Theyaredivorcingeachother.

Marywaswatchingherselfinthemirror.

Thebirdbuiltanest.

Susancomeshomeeveryweek-end.

(二)意义一致原则

有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义，而不是语法上的单、复数形

式，这样的一致关系就是意义一致。例如：

Democraticgovernmentgraduallytaketheplaceofanall-powerfulmonarchy.

Abarrackswasattackedbytheguerilla.

Mumpsisakindofinfectiousdisease.

TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.

Itistheremainsofaruinedpalace.

Thearchiveswaslost.

Thispairoftrouserscostsfiftydollars.

（三）就近原则

有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语。

例如：

Eithermygrandsonsortheirfatheriscoming.

Nooneexcepthisdaughtersagreewithhim.

Maryandhersistersarebakingacake.

NeitherRichardnorIamgoing.

二、以集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题

有些集合名词，

ommittee,council,crew,crowd,family,gang,government,group,mob,staff,team,union等，在

意义上是复数，但在语法形式上是单数，这类名词作主语的主谓一致问题往往遵循“语法一致”

或“意义一致”原则。例如:

Thecommitteehas/havedecidedtodismisshim.

Acouncilofeldersgovernsthetribe.

Thepresentgovernmentistryingtocontrolinflation.

Theschoolstaffareexpectedtosuperviseschoolmeals.

（一）通常作复数的集体名词

包括police,people,cattle,militia,vermin等，这些集体名词通常用作复数。

例如：

TheBritishpolicehaveonlyverylimitedpowers.

Themilitiawerecalledouttoguardtheborderland.

Itseemsthecattleonthesidesofthedikesweretheonlylivingcreaturesinthese

desolatesurroundings.

（二）通常作不可数名词的集体名词

通常作不可数名词的集体名词，包括poultry,foliage,machinery,equipment,furniture,

merchandise等，这类名词后的动词用单数形式。

例如：

Poultryisexpensiveatthistimeofyear.

Thatgreenfoliagewasrestful.

Themerchandisehasarrivedundamaged.

AllthemachineryinthefactoryismadeinChina.

Thesuiteoffurnitureheboughtwasofcontemporarystyle.

Theequipmentofthephotographicstudiowasexpensive.

（三）可作单数也可作复数的集体名词

可作单数也可作复数的集体名词，包括audience,committee,crew,family,governmentjury

等。

例如：

Theaudiencewas/wereenthusiasticontheopeningnightoftheplay.

Thecommitteehas/havedecidedtodismisshim.

Thejuryis/areabouttoannouncethewinners.

Thegovernmenthas/havediscussedthematterforalongtime.

三、acommittee,etcof+复数名词的主谓一致问题

如果主语是由acommitteeof/apanelof/a（the）boardof+复数名词构成，随后的动词通常

用单数。

例如:

Acommitteeoftwelvemenistodiscussthematter.

Apanelofexpertshasconsideredthesituation.

Theboardofmanagersisresponsibleforthefirm.

四、以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题

英语可数名词的规则复数形式是在词尾加-s或-es,但是有一些以-s结尾的名词并不是可数

名词。它们用法多样，造成了实际使用上的困难，以下详述了以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓

一致问题。

（一）以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题

（-）以-S结尾的游戏名称作主语的主谓一致问题

（三）以-S结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题

（四）以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语的主谓一致问题

（五）其它以-s结尾的名词的主谓一致问题

（-）以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题

以-S结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题，如：

arthHtis,bronchitis,diabetes,mumps,phlebitis,rickets,这类以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语时,谓

语动词通常用作单数。

例如：

Arthritiscausesgreatpaininthejointsofthepatient.

Thediabetesisakindofchronicdisease.

Measlesusuallyoccursinchildren.

Phlebitisisaswollenconditionofthebloodvessels.

（二）以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语的主谓一致问题

以・s结尾的游戏名称作主语时，谓语动词通常用作单数。

例如：

Dartsisbasicallyaeasygame.

Marblesisnotconfinedtochildren.

Skittlesisnotfashionablenowadays.

Draughtsisnotverydifficulttolearn.

但当Darts,Marbles等的意义为游戏器具而非游戏名称时，谓语动词通常用作复数。

例如：

Threedartsarethrownateachturn.

Allnineskittleswerebroughtdownbythegoodthrow.

（三）以・s结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题

某些以・s结尾的地理名称,如果是国名，theUnitedStates,theNetherlands因其

是单一政治实体，所以谓语动词用作单数。

例如:

TheUnitedStateswashitbytheGreatDepressionin1930s'.

InearlyJanuary1996theNetherlandswashitbyitsworststormsince1976.

但如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用作复数。

例如:

TheWestIndiesarecommonlydividedintotwoparts.

TheHimalayashaveamagnificentvarietyofplant.

TheStraitsofGibraltarhavenotlosttheirstrategicimportance.

TheNiagaraFallsareperhapsthemostsplendidwaterfallintheworld.

（四）以・ics结尾的学科名称作主语的主谓一致问题

某些以・ics结尾的学科名称作主语时,如physics,mathematics,mechanics,optics,

acoustics,politicsstatistics,economics,linguistics,athletics等，谓语动词通常用作单数。

例如：

Physicsisafundamentalsubjectinscience.

Thethirdworldeconomicsispromising.

Acousticsstudiesthescienceofsound.

Mathematicsisaninterestingsubject.

Athleticsisarequiredcourseforstudentsofallgrades.

但如果这类名词表示学科以外的其它含义，可作复数用。

例如：

Athleticshavebeengreatlyencouragedatthiscollege.

Theacousticsofthenewconcerthallareperfect.

Theeconomicsoftheprojectarestillatissue.

（五）其它以・s结尾的名词的主谓一致问题

A.以-s结尾的由两部分组成的物体名称作主语

英语中有一些通常以-s结尾的由两部分组成的物体名词，如glasses,

pincers,pliers,scissors,shorts,suspenders,trousers这类名词做主语，如果不带“一把”、

“一副”等单位词，谓语动词通常用复数。

例如：

Mary'sglassesarenew.

John'strousersareblack.

如果带有单位词，则由单位词决定动词的单、复数形式。

例如：

Onepairofpincersisn'tenough.

Twopairsofscissorsaremissingfrommytoolbox.

B.其他以・s结尾的名词

英语中还有一些以-s结尾的名词,如archives,arms,clothes,contents,eaves,fireworks,

goods,minutes,morals,remainsstairs,suburbs,thanks,wages这类名词作主语时，谓语动

词通常用复数。

例如：

ThearchivesofthecountryarekeptintheDepartmentofSecurity.

Thecontentsofthebookaremostamusing.

Highwagesoftenresultinhighprices.

Mythanksaresincere.

五、如果句子的主语是并列结构，其主谓一致问题通常遵循以下原则：

（一）由and/both...and连接的并列主语的主谓一致问题

（二）由or/nor/either…or连接的并列主语的主谓一致问题

（三）主语+asmuchas,etc的主谓一致问题

（一）由and/both...and连接的并列主语的主谓一致问题

由and/both...and连接的并列结构作主语，可根据主语的意义决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。

例如：

Pancakesandsyrupisatastybreakfast.

ThenumberanddiversityofBritishnewspaperisconsiderable.

Goodandbadtasteareinculcatedbyexample.

Fishandchipsaregettingveryexpensive.

Atruckandacarwereintheditch.

BothCathyandherdaughterLidahavegonefishinginCanada.

当and连接的并列名词词组带有each,every,或者manya等限定词时，谓语动词通常用

单数。

例如：

Eachmanandeachwomanthereisaskedtohelp.

Everyflowerandeverybushistobecutdown.

Everychangeofseason,everychangeofweather,indeedeveryhouroftheday,

producessomechangeinthemagicalhuesandshapesofthesemountains.

Manyaboywasdisappointedafterseeingthefilm.

（二）由or/nor/either...or连接的并列主语的主谓一致问题

由or,nor,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso连接的并列结构作主语,随后的动词形

式通常按照“就近原则”处理。

例如：

NeitherLucynorCarolhasanymoneyleft.

NeithersleetnorsnowstopshimfromdrivinghisnewMercedes-Benz.

EitherTinaorCarolissuretoknowtheanswer.

Neithermyfathernormybrothersarelikelytobeattheater.

NeithertheKansascoachnortheplayerswereconfidentofvictory.

Notonlyone,butallofusarehopingtobethere.

Notonlytheswitchesbutalsotheoldwiringhasbeenstolen.

（三）主语+asmuchas,etc的主谓一致问题

当主语后面跟有由asmuchas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan等引导的从属结构，

或跟有由aswellas,inadditionto,with,alongwith,togetherwith,except等引导的词组时，

其后的动词形式取决主语的形式。

例如：

Thevessel,withitsentirecrewandcargowaslost.

Theocean,aswellasthegulfandthebay,providesgoodfishing.

John,ratherthanhisroommates,istoblame.

Hugh,aswellashistwosisters,isvacationinginWyomingthissummer.

Someoftheemployeesasmuchasthemanagerwereresponsibleforthefailure.

Myhusband,morethananyoneelseinthefamily,islongingtogothereagain.

Billy,togetherwithhissisters,waswoundedintheaccident.

Nooneexcepttwogirlswaslateforschool.

六、以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题

数量概念分两类：一类是确定数量，如twoyears,fiveseconds,threekilos,另一类是非

确定数量，如allof...,someof...,noneof...。如果用这类表示数量概念的名词词组作主语,

会产生主谓一致问题。

（一）以表示确定数量的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题

（二）以表示非确定数量的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题

（一）以表示确定数量的名词词组作主语

当主语为表示确定数量的名词词组时，如果数量概念被看做一个整体，动词用单数，如果被

看做组成该数量的个体，动词用复数。

例如：

Thetreasurerconsideredthattwentydollarswasnottoomuchtoask.

*'Twomonthsistooshortatime,'*Generalmanagerwarned,"wemusthurryup."

Threeweeksisneededtocompletethetask.

Thereweresixsilverdollarsineachofthestockings.

Threepintsisnotenoughtogethimdrunk.

Atotalof50,000newbicycleswasregisteredintheyear.

如果作主语的名词词组是由“分数/百分数+of”词组构成，其动词形式取决于of词组中名词

的类别。

例如：

Two-thirdsofthepeoplepresentisagainsttheplan.

Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthiscoveredbysea.

Overtwentypercentofthecitywasdestroyedinthewar.

Forty-fivepercentofthedoctorswerewoman.

两数相减或相除，谓语动词用单数；两数相加或相乘，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。

例如：

Sixtyminusseventeenleavesforty-three.

Forty-twodividedbysixisseven.

Sixandeightmakes/makefourteen.

Sixtimeseightis/areforty-eight.

如果主语由"onein/oneoutof+复数名词”构成，在正式语体中，动词用单数。

例如：

Oneintenstudentshaspassedtheexamination.

Oneoutoftwelvebottleswasleftintact.

（二）以表示非确定数量的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题

如果主语由"aportionof,aseriesof,apileof,apanelof+名词”或由"akind/sort/typeof,

thiskind/sort/typeof+名词”构成，谓语动词通常用单数。

例如:

ApanelofushasdecidedtohireaboatandtravelthroughHollandbycanal.

Apileofapplelogswassetbesidethehearth.

Aportionofreportsisdeceiving.

Thiskindofcarsisratherexpensive.

Thistypeofwomenisdangerous.

Thattypeofmachinesisup-to-date.

如果主语是由“manya+名词”或“morethanone+名词”构成，随后的动词遵循“语法一致”

原则，用单数。

例如:

Manyapersoninthesecircumstanceshashopedforalongbreak.

Manyamanhashisownresponsibility.

Morethanonestudenthasfailedtheexam.

Morethanoneshipwaslostthisyear.

如果主语是allof,someof,noneof,halfof,mostof,lotsof,loadsof,plentyof,等表示非确定

数量的名词词组，谓语动词的单、复数形式根据of词组中名词类别而定。

例如：

MostofthemoneywasrecoveredbyDeputyPlayer.

Allofthecargowaslost.

Someofthebookswerebadlytorn.

Noneofmyfriendsevercometoseeme.

Halfofthebuildingwasdestroiedduringthewar.

Halfofthestudentsareeagertoleavenow.

Lotsofpeoplearewaitingoutside.

Loadsofappleshavebeendistributedamongthechildren.

Plentyofwaterwaspreparedforirrigation.

【模拟试题】

一.单项填空

1.—Wouldyoudomethefavortocarrytheboxforme?

A.NotatallB.NevermindC.WithpleasureD.Yes,ifsreallysorry

2.inorout,healwaysclosesallthewindows.

A.EitherB.NeitherC.WhetherD.Both

3.He'llattendthemeetinginBeijingnextmonth.

A.heldB.tobeheldC.holdingD.hold

4.TheheadmasteraskedhisstudentswhattheythemselvesonSaturday.

A.didwithB.dealtwithC.madeupD.tookup

5.Suchfineweatherisunusualchanceforusalltogofora

picnic.

A.a;anB.the;anC.a;theD./；an

6.TherewasatalkbetweenKoreaandTheUSlastweek.

A.friendB.friendlyC.friendshipD.friendless

7.Ifstoolatetogotothecinemanow.,it'sstartingtorain.

A.BesidesB.HoweverC.MeanwhileD.Anyhow

8.一Whydon'tyougohome?

一111dosowhenImyhomework.

A.shallfinishB.willfinishC.havefinishedD.finished

9.Myclassteacheraswellasotherteachersverykindtome.

A.areB.isC.doD.does

10.Infrontofmyhousetothesea.

A.ariverliesB.ariverlieC.lieariverD.liesariver

11.—Themaninthephotoisjustlikeyourbrother.

—Well,ifs.

A.aphotoofmybrotherB.aphotoofmybrother's

C.oneofmybrotherD.ofmybrother

12.一HaveyouanytroublefindingyourwayinShanghai?

—Yes,Itriedtofindmywaytotheairportbut.

A.hasbeenlostB.getlostC.lostD.gotlost

13.Today,manypollutedriverscleanerandcleaner.

A.becameB.arebecomingC.havebecomeD.become

14.Wasitwhenhewasayoungmanhejoinedthearmy?

A.whoB.whatC.thatD.and

15.一Sorry,Ican'tgotoyourparty.

-Whatcanyoudoingthat?

A.keep;/B.protect;fromC.pretend;fromD.prevent;from

二.完形填空

ProfessionalsportsareverypopularintheUnitedStatesandtheyarebigbusiness.

Themostpopularsportsarebasketball,footballandbaseball.___16___hasitsown

season.And___17___supporters.Professionalteamsarenamedforthecities___18___

theyarelocated.Whenateamplaysinachampionshipgame,mostpeopleinthecity

___19___thegamewithinterestandenthusiasm.Basketballis___20___aroundthe

world.ProfessionalbasketballgamesintheUS___21___indoorsduringwintermonths.

FromNovembertoApril___22___canfindaprofessionalbasketballgameseveralnights

aweekinmostlarge___23___cities.BasketballisanAmericansport.It___24___the

nationalpastime.

Thegameisplayedintheevening___25___everynightoftheweekand___26___

weekendsaswell.TheseasonbeginsinApriland___27__intheOctober.Football

___28___mostpopularprofessionalsportintheUS.Itisplayedon_Sundays___29___the

fallfromAugusttoJanuary.Americanfootballisdifferent__30internationalfootball,

___31___Americanscalledsoccer.Bothgamesrequire___32___andspecializedskills.

Professionalplayersarevery___33___.Themostfamousplayers___34___millionsof

dollarsfortheirplayingskill.Americanbestplayershavehigher___35___thanthe

country'spresident.

16.A.EveryB.BothC.EachD.AII

17.A.millionB.millionsC.m川ionofD.millionsof

18.A.whenB.whereC.whoD.whose

19.A.followB.walkC.runD.jump

20.A.well-knownB.wellC.knownD.fame

21.A.playedB.isplayedC.playsD.areplayed

22.A.somebodyB.oneC.anyoneD.everybody

23.A.AmericaB.EnglandC.AmericanD.English

24.A.wascalledB.hasbeencalledC.iscalledD.becalled

25.A.nearlyB.closeC.closelyD.near

26.A.atB.inC.onD.during

27.A.finishB.finishingC.finishedD.finishes

28.A.becameB.isbecomeC.isbecomingD.hasbecome

29.A.duringB.whileC.onD.at

30.A.ofB.fromC.withD.about

31.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.which

32.A.strongB.strengthC.strengthenD.stronger

33.A.wellpayB.goodpayC.wellpaidD.goodpaid

34.A.makeB.hadC.gotD.received

35.A.moneyB.salariesC.payD.wage

三.阅读理解

A

Itisnotunusualtoseeyourdesk-mateyawn（打呵欠）ashecomplainsthathedidn't

haveagoodsleepthenightbefore.Manyteensdon'tgetenoughsleepbecausetheyhave

toomuchhomework,whichkeepsthemupatnight.Someteenscannotsleepatnighteven

whentheywantto.

Studiesshowthatduringyourteenageyears,thebody'sbiologicalclockisreset,

tellingyoutosleeplateratnightandwakeuplaterinthemorning.

Butchangesinthebodyclockaren'ttheonlyreasonteenslosesleep.Lotsofpeople

haveinsomnia（失眠）.Themostcommoncauseofinsomniaisstress.Butallsortsofthings

canleadtoinsomnia.Theseincludephysicaldiscomfort,emotionaltroublesandeven

sleepingenvironment.Ifscommonforeveryonetohaveinsomniafromtimetotime.Butif

itlastsforamonthormoregoandseeadoctor.

Somepeoplehaveaconditionthatcausesstomachacid（酸）tomovebackward

towardsthechest.Thisproducestheuncomfortable,burningfeelingcalledheartburn.So

evenifthepersondoesn'tnoticethefeelingsofheartburnbecauseheissleeping,hemay

feeltiredthenextday.

Mostteenshavenightmaressometimes.But,iftheyarefrequent,aperson'ssleep

patterncanbeseriouslyaffected.Themostcommoncauseofnightmaresisemotional

problems,suchasstress（压力）oranxiety.Ifyouhavethemalot,ifsagoodideatotalkto

adoctor.

Doctorsencourageteenstomakelifestylechangestodevelopgoodsleepinghabits.

Youprobablyknowthatcoffeecankeepyouawake,butdidyouknowthatplayingvideo

gamesorwatchingTVdoesthesame?

36.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphis.

A.Thereisaproblemthatteenagerscan'tgetenoughsleep.

B.Sleepingproblemshavedifferentcauses.

C.Yawningisagoodwaytogetridofsleep.

D.Teenagerscaretoomuchforhomework.

37.TheTeenagers7biologicalclock.

A.easilymakesteenagersleadtoinsomnia

B.istheoriginoftheirinsomnia

C.providesthemwithplentyoftimeatnight

D.ishelpfultoimprovetheirconcentration（注意力）

38.Whatdoesthewritersayabout“nightmares”?

A.Itisnothingandshouldn'tbetakenseriously.

B.Itcanreleasetheirstressoranxiety.

C.Emotionalproblemsaretheonlywaytoformnightmares.

D.Peoplewillsufferfromsleepiffrequent.

39.Whichwaycanhelptogetridofinsomnia?

A.Drinkingsomecoffeebeforegoingtobed.

B.PlayingvideogameorwatchingTVfromtimetotime.

C.Turningtoadoctorforhelp.

D.Eatingmuchmedicineforinsomnia

B

Russiantraditionordersthatmenshouldkisseachotherthreetimesonthecheeksat

officialfunctions.Now,anewrulinginMoscowiscallingforpoliticiansinthecapitaltostick

totheoldhandshake.AccordingtoBritain'sTheTelegraphnewspaper,politiciansin

Moscowhavebeentoldtostopkissingeachotherwhentheymeetbecausethe"kissing

ceremony^^takessolong.

LeonidBrezhnev,thegeneralsecretaryoftheCommunistPartyfrom1964to1982,

wasfamousfortreatingmalecolleaguestoafulllip-lock.Onephotographofhimkissing

EricHonecker,theleaderoftheDemocraticRepublicofGermany,wasusedforaprotest

paintingontheBerlinWallwiththecaption:"Oh,God,helpmesurvivethisdeadlylove^^.

KissingthreetimesonthecheeksatofficialoccasionsisaRussiantradition.The

practicehasbeenrevivedamonghigh-rankingofficialsinpastyears.Inthedistantpast,a

kissfromthetsar(emperor)wasthehighestsignofrecognition.TheMoscowruling,

however,haspromptedauthoritiesinothercitiestoconsiderbanningthepractice.

AlexeiKleshko,aparliamentmemberinSiberia,said:"Single-sexkissesshouldbe

avoided,includingatofficialmeetings.Ifsenoughtoshakehands.Ofcourse,ifoneis

talkingaboutalongfriendshiporfatherlyrelations,itmightbeOKtoembrace.Butthafs

themaximumthatshouldbeallowed.

AnotherMPVladimirGorlov,saidheonlyallowedhimselftokissthehandofawoman

atwork:"ThereareinformalrelationsandtherearemeetingsgovernedbyprotocolJhe

said.“Whenamaniskissinganothermanatanofficialevent,Ihaveanegativeattitude

towardsit.Therearerulesofdecency.,,

40.Moscowiscallingforpoliticianstosticktohandshakebecause.

A.itispopularathomeandabroad

B.itistheirtradition

C.itsavestime

D.Russianwomenhaveastrongloveofit

41.BymentioningBrezhnev,theauthor.

A.wantstoshowhisrespecttoBrezhner

B.admiresBrezhnevforhisskillsatkissing

C.justshowsthemediamadefunofpicturesofpoliticianskissing

D.praisesBrezhnev'sgoodrelationwithHonecker

42.IfthetsarkissedaRussianwoman,shewouldfeel.

A.nervousB.proudC.shamefulD.curious

43.Wecaninferfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat.

A.Kleshkoisstronglyagainstanykindofkiss

B.Kleshkoisamanoutofdate

C.GorlovesharesthesameviewwithKleshkoissingle-sexkisses

D.Gorlovewon'tkissanymaninanyform

C

HaveyoueverdreamedofvisitingaplanetintheMilkWay?Whilethetripsounds

exciting,itwouldtakeyearsandyearstoreachyourdestination.Sointhefuture,bedtime

forastronautsmaybemorethanafewhoursofregularshut-eye.Theywouldhavetosleep

foryears.

Europeanresearchersarenowconductinghibernationexperiments.Thestudymay

helpthemunderstandwhetherhumanscouldeversleepthroughtheyearsitwouldtakefor

aspaceflighttodistantplanets.therewasaneffectivetechnology,itcouldmake

deep-spacetravelareality,saidMarkAyreoftheEuropeanSpaceAgencylastmonth.

Whatseemslikesciencefictionisnotcompletelyunlikely.Researchershavebeen

abletousechemicalstoputlivingcellsintoasleep-likestatewheretheydon'tage.They

havenowmovedontosmall,non-hibernatingmammalslikerats.Theresultswillbeoutby

theendof2004.

Amajorchallengeisthefactthatcellscanbeverysimplesystems,whereasbody

organsarefarmorecomplex.

“It'slikemovingfromasimpleApplecomputertoasupercomputer,saidMarco

Biggiogera,ahibernationresearcheratItaly'sUniversityofPavia.

Justlikebearsandfrogs,thehibernationofhumanbeingswouldcauseaperson's

metabolism（新陈代谢）tolowersotheywouldneedlessenergy.

Medicalresearch,however,isjusthalfofaspaceflighthibernationsystem.

Thereisthechallengeofdesigningasuitableprotectiveshelter.Suchashelterwould

providetheproperenvironmentforhibernation,suchasthepropertemperature.Itwould

alsohavetomonitor（监控）lifefunctionsandservethephysiologicalneedsofthe

hibernator.

AccordingtoAyre,thesixpersonHumanOuterPlanetsExplorationMissionto

Jupiter^moon（木星的卫星）Callisto,couldbeanopportunitytousehumanhibernation.

Themissionaimstosendsixhumansonafive-yearflighttoCallisto,wheretheywillspend

30days,in2045.

44.Europeanresearchersareconductinghibernationexperimentsto.

A.ensureastronautstogetacompletesleep

B.findthesecretofsomecreatures

C.makepreparationsforthejourneytoJupiter'smoonCallisto

D.knowifmancansleepforyears

45.Thesentence“Whatseemslikesciencefictionisnotcompletelyunlikely^^means

A.Sciencefictionispeople'simagination.

B.Sciencefictionisimaginative,butitcanberealized.

C.Thingsseemimpossiblemaycometrue.

D.Thingsdescribedinsciencefictionaresuretobecometrue.

46.Thepassageisimpliedbutdoesn,tstatesthat.

A.puttinglivingcellsintoasleep-likestateisfulloffailure

B.Biggiogeraisconfidentwiththeexperiment

C.human'shibernationneedsnoenergy

D.medicalresearchisthekeytospaceflighthibernationsystem

47.Bydesigningasuitableprotectiveshelter,astronautscan.

A.haveagoodhibernation

B.lessenthepressureoftravelinginspace

C.feedthemselvesinspaceship

D.monitortheirbodychanges

48.Whafsthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.SixhumanstoflytoCallisto

B.Humanhibernationimproveshealth

C.Spacetravelattractspeople

D.Deepsleepfordeepspacetravel

【试题答案】

一.单项填空

1.C。当对方向你求助时,表示肯定的回答有:“Fmgladto"；“Why,ofcourse''；''With(great)

pleasure”等。

2.C弄清题意是解答此题的关键：无论是在家还是不在家，他总是关着窗户。答案非C莫

属。

3.B。空缺处的非谓语动词应该是既表示被动，又表示将来，所以答案只能选B。

4.Aodowith常与what连用，dealwith则常与how连用。

5.Doweather是不可数名词，而chance是可数名词，unusual读音的第一个音标是元音

音素，所以之前要用不定冠词an。

6.B。少数名词后加-ly构成形容词，并非副词。如：fatherly,motherly,brotherly,comradely

等。

7.A»从题干结构看，空缺处填入however也可，但从题干意思看，后面句子很明显是对

句子意思的递进，所以答案选A,而不选B。

8.Co空缺处前面的主句是一般将来时态，when引导的时间状语从句要用一般现在时代替

一般将来时。此处用现在完成时表示将来完成时的意义。

9.Bo题干的主语是myclassteacher,aswellasotherteachers是修饰语。

10.Do当地点状语位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。

11.A从题意看，照片上的人就是我弟弟本人，所以答案选A。

12.D»but前面的分句是过去时态，那么but分句也肯定要用过去时态，而且是被动语态,

排除A、B项，get型被动语态常带有不愉快、不顺利的意味，答案自然凸现。

13.B。从题意看，“许多被污染了的河流变得越来越干净”，“变