高考英语一轮模拟预测题组训练专题十四猜测词义题

专题十四猜测词义题基础闯关题组Passage1Inaresearchontheeffectofthetransportsector(运输领域)onclimate,itprovesthatroadtrafficcontributesthemosttoglobalwarming.Theaviation(航空)sectorhasthesecondlargestwarmingeffectwhileshippinghasacoolingeffectontheEarth’sclimate.Thestudyconcludesthatsincepreindustrialtimes,15%ofCO2emissions(排放量)madebyhumanshaveefromthetransportsector.Thestudyimpliesthatmoreattentionneedstobepaidtothefastgrowingroadsector.LookingonlyatCO2emissions,roadtrafficalonehasledtotwothirdsofthewarmingcausedbytotaltransportemissions.Thereasonwhyroadtransporttopsthelistismainlyduetothelargenumberofvehiclesontheroadsandthesmallercoolingeffectfromtheiremissions.Theresearcherssaidthattheroademissionsoftodaywillmakeupthreequartersofthewarmingcausedbytransportoverthenexthundredyears.Followingroadtransport,aviationisthesecondlargesttransportcontributortoglobalwarming.However,thehistoricalcontributionfromaviationemissionstoglobalwarmingismorethandoubledthecontributionfromroademissions.Infact,overthenext100years,today’sroademissionswillhaveaclimateeffectthatisfourtimeshigherthantheclimateeffectfromtoday’saviationemissions.Forshipping,thepictureismoreplicated.Untilnow,shippinghashadacoolingeffectonclimate.ThisisbecauseshippingproducesalargeamountofSO2,whichhasacoolingeffect.However,althoughthegas,untilnow,hasgiventheshippingindustryacoolingeffect,thiseffectwilldisappearafterawhile,asthegasdoesn’tlastlongintheatmosphere.ThelonglivedCO2willdominate(占优势),givingshippingawarmingeffectinthelongrun.

Ingeneral,thetransportsector’scontributiontoglobalwarmingwillbecontinuouslyhighinthefuture.1.Whatcanwelearnaboutroadtraffic?A.Ithasthesecondlargestwarmingeffectonclimate.B.Itproduces15%ofallCO2intotheaireveryyear.C.ItcreatedmoreCO2emissionsthanaviationinhistory.D.ItsCO2emissionswillprobablyincreaseinfuture.2.Shippinghasacoolingeffectbecause.

A.shippingconditionshavebeenimprovedB.theamountofshipsatseaissmallC.itproducesagaswhichhasacoolingeffectD.thegasitproducescanabsorbCO23.TheunderlinedphraseinParagraph4probablymeans“”.

A.afteralongtime B.inatiringraceC.allthetime D.duringalongvoyage4.Thepassagemainlytalksabout.

A.theeffectofCO2onglobalclimateB.theeffectfromtrafficonglobalwarmingC.howtochooseagreenwaytotravelD.whytransportproducessomuchCO2Passage2Bringingupchildrenishardwork,andyouareoftentoblameforanybadbehaviorofyourchildren.Ifso,JudithRichHarrishasgoodnewsforyou.Parents,sheargues,havenoimportantlongtermeffectonthedevelopmentofthepersonalityoftheirchildren.Farmoreimportantaretheirplaygroundfriendsandneighborhood.MsHarristakestohittingtheassumption,whichhasdominated(支配)developmentalpsychologyforalmosthalfacentury.MsHarris’sattackonthedevelopmentalists’“nature”argumentlookslikelytoreinforce(加强)doubtsthattheprofessionwasalreadyhaving.Ifparentsmatter,whyisitthattwoadoptedchildren,broughtupinthesamehome,arenomoresimilarinpersonalitythantwoadoptedchildrenbroughtupinseparatehomes?Orthatapairofidenticaltwins,broughtupinthesamehome,arenomorealikethanapairofidenticaltwinsbroughtupindifferenthomes.Difficultasitistotrackthepreciseeffectsofparentalupbringing,itmaybehardertomeasuretheexactinfluenceofthepeer(同龄人)groupinchildhoodandadolescence.MsHarrispointstohowchildrenfromimmigranthomessoonlearnnottospeakatschoolinthewaytheirparentsspeak.Butacquiringalanguageissurelyaskill,ratherthanacharacteristicofthesortdevelopmentalpsychologistshuntfor.Certainlyitisdifferentfromgrowinguptenseorrelaxed,orfromlearningtobehonestorhardworkingorgenerous.Easythoughitmaybetoprovethatparentshavelittleinfluenceonthosequalities,itwillbehardtoprovethatpeershavevastlymore.Moreover,mumanddadsurelycannotbeditchedpletely.Youngadultsmay,asMsHarrisargues,bekeentoappearliketheirpeers.Buteveninthoseearlyyears,parentshavethepowertoopendoors:theymayinitiallychoosethepeerswithwhomtheiryoungassociate,andpickthatinfluentialneighborhood.Moreover,mostpeoplesuspectthattheyetoresembletheirparentsmoreinmiddleage,andthatpeople’schildbearinghabitsmaybeformedpartlybywhattheirparentsdid.Sothebalanceofinfluencesisprobablyplicated,asmostparentsalreadysuspectedwithoutbeingabletodemonstrateitscientifically.Evenifitturnsoutthatthegenestheypassonandthefriendstheirchildrenplaywithmatterasmuchasaffection,disciplineandgoodexample,parentsarenotpletelyoffthehook.1.AccordingtoMsHarris,.

A.parentsaretoblameforanybadbehavioroftheirchildrenB.children’spersonalityisshapedmostlybytheirfriendsandneighborsC.natureratherthanupbringinghasasignificanteffectonchildren’spersonalitydevelopmentD.parentswillgreatlyaffectthechildren’slifeinthelongrun2.Theword“ditched”(Para.4)couldbestbereplacedby.

A.proved B.emphasizedCpared D.ignored3.Thedevelopmentalpsychologiststhink.

A.childrenaremoreinfluencedbytheirpeersB.identicaltwinsraisedinthesamehomearedifferentinpersonalityC.twinsraisedintwoseparatefamiliesaredifferentinpersonalityD.upbringinghasalesssignificanteffectonchildren’spersonalitydevelopment4.AccordingtoParagraph3,weknowthat.

A.itiseasierforchildrentogainalanguageathomeB.itishardertofollowtheeffectsofparentalupbringingC.immigrantchildrenavoidspeakingthesamewayastheirparentsatschoolD.itisprovedthatpeershaveagreatereffectonchildren’squalities5.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“parentsarenotpletelyoffthehook”attheendofthepassage?A.Parentsshouldcontrolthesituation.B.Parentsshouldgivetheirwaytochildren.C.Parentsshouldspendmoretimeonchildren.D.Parentsshouldtakeontheirresponsibility.Passage3AsinglenightoftakingthedrugEcstasy(摇头丸)cancauseseriousbraindamageandspeedupthestartofParkinson’sdisease,scientistssay.JusttwoorthreeEcstasytabletscanpermanentlydestroybraincellsthataffectmovementandreasoning,accordingtoAmericanresearchthatlinksthedrugtoParkinson’sforthefirsttime.AstudybyateamatJohnsHopkinsUniversityinBaltimore,Maryland,involvingsquirrelmonkeysandbaboons(狒狒)foundthatbothspeciessufferedpermanentdamagetokeycells,whicharelostinParkinson’s,afterreceivingthreelowdoses(剂量)ofEcstasyatthreehourperiods.Thestudyisparticularlyimportantbecausebaboonsareoneofthebestanimalmodelsforthehumanbrain.GeorgeRicaurte,wholedtheresearch,saidthatthewidespreadabuseofdrugmighthavecausedseveredamage.“ThemosttroublingresultisthatyoungadultsusingEcstasymaybeincreasingtheirriskofdevelopingParkinsonismastheygetolder.”AlanLeshner,aformerdirectoroftheUSNationalInstituteonDrugAbuse,said,“ThisstudyemphasizesthemultiaspectdamagethatEcstasycausestousers.We’velongknownthatrepeatedusedamagesbraincells.Butthisstudyshowsthatevenveryoccasionalusecanhavelonglastingeffectsonmanydifferentbrainsystems.Itsendsanimportantmessagetoyoungpeople:don’texperimentwithyourownbrain.”JanetBetts,amotherwhoseteenagedaughterLeahdiedafterasingleEcstasytabletin1995,said,“Thisesasnosurprise.Butpeoplecan’tseetheeffectsatfirst,andtheysayitwon’thappentothem.We’llseethesymptomslater,justaswehavewithsmoking.”1.Thearticleisintendedto.

A.explainthebadeffectsofdrugsonpeople’shealthB.warnyoungpeopleoftheriskoftakingthedrugEcstasyC.persuadepeopleoutofsuchbadhabitsassmokingandusingdrugsD.tellusthelinksbetweenthedrugEcstasyandParkinson’sdisease2.WeknowfromthepassagethatalowdoseofEcstasy.

A.won’tcauseseriousbraindamageB.canpermanentlydestroyone’sbraincellsC.willresultinimmediatesymptomsD.maybringonParkinson’satonce3.Whyaresquirrelmonkeysandbaboonsinvolvedintheexperiments?A.Becausetheirbrainissimilartohumanbeings’.B.Becausetheseanimalsusuallytakedrugs.C.Becausetheseanimalswillsoongetwellaftertheexperiment.D.Becausethereisamodelintheanimals’brains.4.Theunderlinedword“This”inthelastparagraphprobablymeansthat.

A.LeahdiedafterasingleEcstasytabletin1995B.takingdrughasthesamesymptomsassmokingC.occasionaluseofthedrugcanhavelonglastingeffectsonthebrainsystemsD.peoplehavelongknownthatrepeateduseofthedrugdamagesbraincellsPassage4It’soneofthestrangestlandscapesintheUnitedStates.Hundredsofgrassysmallhillsformastrangeandfrighteningfieldofbumps(隆起之处)extendingasfarastheeyecansee.LocatedontheMimaPrairieinWashingtonState,thebumpsarecalledMimamounds.Wheredidthestrangebumpsefrom?Howlonghavetheyexisted?Whyaretheysouniformly(均匀地)distributed?Thesequestionshavebeenpuzzlinggeologistsformorethanacentury.“Mimamoundsdon’texistonlyinWashingtonState.ButIdon’tknowwhythey’rethebiggesthere,”saidBernardHallet,ageologistattheUniversityofWashington.OneofthepopulartheorieswashatchedbyAndrewBergofSpokane,ageologistwiththeU.S.BureauofMines.Berg’stheorycametohimshortlyaftertheMountSt.Helensvolcaniceruptionin1980.Whilehewasbuildingadoghouse,henoticedthattheshakescausedtheashtopileintosmall“hills”thatlookedalotlikeMimamounds.Fromthatobservation,BergguessedthatshakesfromviolentearthquakescouldhaveformedtheMimamounds.AccordingtoBerg,thesoilontheMimaPrairieislikevolcanicash,andthelayerofrockbelowthatislikeapieceofwood.Whenshockwavesproducedbyanearthquakemovethroughthehardgroundandknockintolargebrokenpartsintheground,thewavesjumpbackward.Whenthesewavesmeetwithotherwavesfromthequake,thesoilrisesandformsmounds.BergclaimsthatMimamoundsoccuronlyinareaswheremanyearthquakesoccur.TheareawheretheWashingtonMimamoundsarefoundexperiencedamajorearthquakeabout1,000yearsago.1.WhatdoweknowabouttheMimamounds?A.ThelargestareaofMimamoundsisinWashingtonState.B.Mimamoundshaveexperiencedthevolcaniceruption.C.Thefieldsofbumpsareuniformlydistributedinthecountry.D.It’soneofthemostbeautifullandscapesinWashingtonState.2.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordmeaninParagraph4?A.Borrowed. B.Taught.C.Formed. D.Understood.3.AccordingtoBerg,whichofthefollowingshowsthecorrectorderofhowtheMimamoundswereformed?a.Thewavesknockintolargebrokenpartsinthegroundandjumpbackward.b.Theseshockwavesmeetwithotherwavesfromthequake.c.Theshockwavesgothroughthehardground.d.Violentearthquakessendoutshockwaves.e.Thesoilgoesupandformsbumpsinthefield.A.dcabe B.dacbeC.dbcae D.dabcePassage5TheOwlCountAnniesleptinthefrontseatwhileherfatherdrovethroughthedarkness.“We’realmostthere!”Dadannouncedcheerfully.“Soonwe’llbeobservingandcountingowlsatthestatepark.”Yawning,Annienoddedandsmiled.Thetimewas4:30a.m..Lookingoutintothedarkness,Annierememberedlearninginschoolthatmostowlsareactiveatnight,whentheyhuntforfood.Duringthedaytheysleepinhardtofindspots.“Dad,whydoyouneedtocountowls?”sheasked.“It’simportantforscientiststohavecurrentinformationaboutbirdpopulations,”heexplained.“Wewanttoknowwhichbirdshavedecreasedinnumberandwhetheranynewkindsofbirdsareingintoacertainarea.YouandIwillwritedownthekindsofbirdsthatweseetodayandkeeparecordofhowmanytimesweseeeachkind.Thenwe’llsendoutareporttoascientificorganizationthatiscollectinginformationaboutbirdsfrompeoplealloverthecountry.”Dadpulledintotheparkinglotofthestatepark.Then,withflashlightsinhand,theybegantheirhikeintothewoods.Anniezippeduphercoatandtriedtokeepfromtrembling.Shehadnotexpectedthemorningtobesofrigid.Luckilyhergloveswereinherpocket.SuddenlyAnnie’sfatherstoppedandgesturedforhertobestill.Obeying,Anniedidnottakeanotherstep.Shethoughtsheheardalowcryupahead.“That’scertainlyascreechowl,”herfatherwhispered.“Let’sgetalookatit.”Afterlookingmoreclosely,Anniecouldseethatitwasasmallowl.Sensingdanger,theowlnarroweditseyesandpulleditsfeatherstightlyagainstitsbody.Anniecarefullywrotedowninhernotebookthattheyhadseenascreechowl.Walkingalittlefarther,theycametoatalloaktree.“Thislookslikeaperfectspottoattractowls,”Dadsaid.“I’mgoingtoplayarecordingofamoncallofthebarredowl.Maybewecangetonetoanswer.”Anniecouldhardlybelieveherears.Therecordedcallsoundedasifthebirdwereasking,“Whocooksforyou?”MomentslaterAnniethoughtsheheardareturncallinthedistance.Sheheldherbreathandwaited.Suddenlyahugebirdlandedveryquietlyonabranchdirectlyabovethem.Anniehadlongforgottenhowcolditwas.Shestoodinwonder,shiningherflashlightonthebirdandstudyingitcarefully.Thebarredowlwasnearlytwofeettall.Grayfeatherssurroundeditsdarkeyes.Thebirddidnotstaylong,butitdidnotmatter.Anniewouldneverforgettheimageofthepowerfulbarredowl.1.WhydidAnnieandherfathergotothestatepark?A.Totakeahikeinthewoods.B.Torecordthecallofbarredowls.C.Tocollectinformationaboutbirds.D.Toprotecttheenvironmentforwildlife.2.Theunderlinedword“frigid”inParagraph3probablymeans.

A.dark B.clear C.cold D.nice3.InParagraph4,whydidAnnie’sfatherstophersuddenly?A.Henoticedascreechowl.B.Heheardsomebodycrying.C.Hesensedtheywereindanger.D.Heremindedhertotakedownnotes.4.HowdidAnniefeelwhenshesawthebarredowl?A.Bored. B.Relaxed. C.Frightened. D.Amazed.Passage6Doeshappinesshaveascent?Whensomeoneishappy,canyousmellit?Youcanusuallytellwhensomeoneishappybasedonseeingthemsmile,hearingthemlaughorperhapsfromreceivingabighug.Butcanyoualsosmelltheirhappiness?Surprisingnewresearchsuggeststhathappinessdoesindeedhaveascent,andthattheexperienceofhappinesscanbetransmittedthroughsmell,reportsP.Forthestudy,12youngmenwereshownvideos,whichmeanttobringaboutavarietyofemotions,whileresearchersgatheredsweatsamplesfromthem.Allofthemenwerehealthyandnoneofthemweredrugusersorsmokers,andallwereaskedtoabstainfromdrinkingoreatingsmellyfoodsduringthestudyperiod.

Thosesweatsampleswerethengivento36equallyhealthyyoungwomentosmell,whileresearchersmonitoredtheirreactions.Onlywomenwereselectedtosmellthesamples,apparentlybecausepreviousresearchhasshownthatwomenhaveabettersenseofsmellthanmenandarealsomoresensitivetoemotionalsignals—thoughit’sunclearwhyonlymenwerechosentoproducethescents.Researchersfoundthatthebehaviorofthewomenaftersmellingthescents—particularlytheirfacialexpressions—indicatedarelationshipbetweentheemotionalstatesofthemenwhoproducedthesweatandthewomenwhosniffedthem.“Humansweatproducedwhenapersonishappybringsaboutastatesimilartohappinessinsomebodywhobreathesthissmell,”saidstudycoauthorGunSemin,aprofessoratKocUniversityinTurkey.Thisisafascinatingfindingbecauseitnotonlymeansthathappinessdoeshaveascent,butthatthescentiscapableoftransmittingtheemotiontoothers.Thestudyalsofoundthatotheremotions,suchasfear,seemtocarryascenttoo.Thisensurespreviousresearchsuggestingthatsomenegativeemotionshaveasmell,butitisthefirsttimethishasprovedtobetrueofpositivefeelings.Researchershaveyettoisolate(分离)exactlywhatthechemicalpoundforthehappinesssmellis,butyoumightimaginewhatthepotentialapplicationsforsuchafindingcouldbe.Happinessperfumes,forinstance,couldbeinvented.Scenttherapies(香味疗法)couldalsobedevelopedtohelppeoplethroughdepressionoranxiety.Perhapsthemostsurprisingresultofthestudy,however,isourbroadenedunderstandingofhowemotionsgetmunicated,andalsohowourownemotionsarepotentiallymanagedthroughoursocialcontextandtheemotionalstatesofthosearoundus.1.Whatisthemainfindingofthenewresearch?A.Menproducemoresweats.B.Negativeemotionshaveasmell.C.Pleasantfeelingscanbesmeltout.D.Womenhaveabettersenseofsmell.2.Theunderlinedpart“abstainfrom”inParagraph3probablymeans.

A.avoid B.practice C.continue D.try3.Whatistheapplicationvalueofthenewresearch?A.Perfumescouldhelppeopleunderstandeachother.B.Somesmellscouldbedevelopedtobetterourmood.C.Perfumescouldbeproducedtocurephysicaldiseases.D.Somesmellscouldbecreatedtoimproveourappearance.4.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat.

A.happinessesfromascentofsweatB.positiveenergycandeepenunderstandingC.peopleneedmoreemotionalmunicationD.socialsurroundingscaninfluenceouremotionsPassage7TimeTravelIfyoucouldtravelintime,wherewouldyougo?PerhapsyouwouldwatchanoriginalperformanceofaShakespeare’splayinElizabethanEngland.WhatabouthangingoutwithLaoziintheSpringandAutumnPeriod?Ormaybeyou’dvoyagefaraheadofthepresentdaytoseewhatthefutureholds.Thepossibilityoftimetravelisindeedappealing.Storiesexploringthesubjecthavebeenaroundforhundredsofyears.PerhapsthebestknownexampleisthesciencefictionnovelTheTimeMachine,whichwaswrittenbyH.G.Wellsandpublishedin1895forthefirsttime.Itwasadaptedintoatleasttwofeaturefilmsofthesamename,aswellastwotelevisionversions,andalargenumberoficbookadaptations.Itisgenerallycreditedwiththepopularizationoftheconceptoftimetravelusingavehiclethatallowsanoperatortotravelpurposefullyandselectively.Theterm“timemachine”,coinedbyWells,isnowuniversallyusedtorefertoavehicletransportingpeopleintothefarfuture.Butcouldtimetravelactuallybepossible?Somescientistssayyes,intheory.Theyproposeusingcracksintimeandspacecalled“wormholes”,whichcouldbeusedasshortcutstootherperiods.Einstein’stheoryofrelativityallowstimetravelinextremecircumstances.AndBritishphysicistStephenHawkingsaysyoucouldtravelintothefuturewithareallyfastspaceship—goingatnearlythespeedoflight.Thoughbuildingsuchaspaceshipwouldofcoursebenosimpletask.Evenifyoucouldtravelintothepast,thereissomethingcalledthe“grandfatherparadox”.Itaskswhatwouldhappenifatimetravelerweretogobackintimeandhavehisowngrandfatherkilledforsomereason,andthereforepreventhimselffrombeingborn.Ifthetimetravelerwasn’tborn,howwouldhetravelbackintime?’book,themaincharactertravelsintodistanttimewherehearrivesatabeachandisattackedbygiantcrabs.Hethenvoyages30millionyearsintothefuturewheretheonlylivingthingisablackobjectwithtentacles(触角).Ifthat’swhat’sinstore,maybewearebetterjustlivinginthepresentdayafterall.1.ThenovelTheTimeMachinementionedinParagraph2aimstoshow.

A.people’sinterestintimetravelB.thespecialfeatureofthebookC.thelonghistoryoftimetravel2.Einstein’sandHawking’stheories.

A.havesimilaritiesinmanywaysB.pushtheinventionofthefirstspaceshipC.haveprovedwrongbysometimetravelersD.suggestthepossibilitytoinventthetimemachine3.InParagraph4,“grandfatherparadox”probablyreferstotheideathat.

A.thetravelerispreventedfrommeetinghisgrandfatherB.thetravelergoesbackintimetoseekforhisgrandfatherC.thegrandfather’sdeathmakesthetraveler’sbirthimpossibleD.thereunionofthetravelerandhisgrandfatherbringshappiness4.Accordingtothepassage,whatisprobablytheauthor’sattitudetowardstimetravel?A.Unclear. B.Skeptical.C.Supportive. D.Unconcerned.Passage8Conventionalwisdomisamajorbarriertoinnovationthatthreatensthesurvivalofpanieseverywhere.It’sbasedontheassumptionthatoldideaswillalwayswork,sotheyshouldn’tbechallenged.Whilethismaybeavalidassumptioninsituationsthatdon’tchange,it’sunlikelytoholdtrueinachangingsituation.Intoday’srapidchangingglobalenvironment,oldmethodsoftendon’twork,andstubbornlyusingthemcanleadtomajorproblems.Mostpeopleseemtoagreewithconventionalwisdombecauseitgivesoneafalsesenseofsecurity.Ifeveryoneelsebelievesit,thenitmustbetrue.Individualswhouseconventionalwisdomarecertainthattheyareright,andbeingrightisgood.Theywanttocontinueusingoldideasratherthantakeriskswithchangesthatmightnotwork.In1977,KenOlsen,cofounderandCEOofDigitalEquipmentCorporation(DEC),stated“Thereisnoreasonforanyindividualtohaveaputerinhishome.”Despitebeingadominantleaderintheputerindustry,DECnolongerexists.Peopleseemtoforgetthatsinceinnovationischange,therecanbenoinnovationwithoutchange.Unfortunately,conventionalwisdompreventsleaders,followersandpaniesfromchangingandthereforeinnovating.Ifpaniesdon’tinnovate,buttheirpetitorsdo,thefutureislikelytobeproblematic.Breakingfromconventionalwisdomhasledtomanyofthemostinnovativepaniesandproductsinhistoryacrossmanyindustries,soithasapowerfuleffectonbusinesssuccess.TedTurner(founderofCNN)knewlittle,ifanything,aboutthenewsbusiness,butheknewitwasinconvenienttowatchnewsonlyatthedinnerhour,aswasmonbeforeCNN.Turner’ssolutionwastocreateacablechanneldedicatedtonews24hoursaday.Thenewsestablishmentreflectedconventionalwisdomatthetime,andpredictedhisideawouldfailbecausenoonewantedtowatchthenewsallday.However,itdoesn’ttakearocketscientisttounderstandthatviewersdon’thavetowatchthenewsalldayfortheCNNtowork.Viewersjusthavetowatchwhentheywanttogetinformation.Duetoconventionalthinking,thecriticsfailedtorecognizetheopportunitythatwascleartoTed.Theyassumedthatonlywhatwasfamiliartothemcouldworkinthefuture.

Conventionalwisdompreventscreativity,flexibilityandrisktaking,sounconventionalleadersenthusiasticallybreakawayfromit.Tosurvive,thriveandmaintainpetitiveadvantage,paniesmustbeflexiblewhenreactingtochange.1.DEChasdisappearedprobablybecause.

A.theconsumersdidn’tlikeitsproductsB.theleaderslackedthesenseofsecurityC.theCEOstucktotheconventionalideasD.theemployeestookmanyriskswithchanges2.ThefoundingofCNNisusedasanexampletoprove.

A.missingopportunitiescouldleadtofailureB.changingcouldcontributetobusinesssuccessC.watchingnewsatthedinnerhourisconvenientD.conventionalwisdominfluencesbusinesssuccess3.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartprobablymean?A.RocketscientistscanensuretheCNNworksproperly.B.Mostoftheviewersdon’tliketowatchthenewsatwork.C.It’snecessarytounderstandwhenpeoplewatchthenews.D.It’seasytoknowpeopleneedn’twatchthenewsallthetime.4.Thepassageismainlywrittentotellusthat.

A.oldmethodsarechangingwithtimeB.opportunitiesleadtobusinesssuccessC.conventionalwisdomlimitsinnovationD.successfulpaniesneedwiseleadersPassage9Onadarknight,11yearoldJoewasplayinghideandseekwithhisfriendsinthebackyardwhenhethoughthesawMagellan—ahugehousecat.However,whenthecatsuddenlyjumpedonhishead,Joefounditturnedoutayoungcougar.Hebackedawayfromtheanimal,thenturnedandraninsidethehouse.CougarencounterslikethisonearebeingincreasinglymonintheU.S..Mostpeopleassumethat’sbecausethepopulationofcougarsisgrowing,orbecausethebigcatsareingintoclosercontactwiththeexpandingwebofhumansuburbs.ButProfessorRobertWielgusatWashingtonStateUniversityarguesthatpoorlydesignedhuntingpoliciesmightbecausinganincreaseincougarhumanconflicts.Wielgus’sresearchteamshavebeenfittingthebigcatswithradiocollarsandmonitoringtheirmovements.Theyfindthatthepopulationofcougarsisactuallydecliningrapidlyandthatalmostnomalecougarsareoverfouryearsofage.Andastudyshowsthattheheavilyhuntedareahasfivetimesasmanycougarplaintsasthelightlyhuntedarea—eventhoughthedensityofcougarsisaboutthesameinbothareas.Wielgussuspectsthathuntingpolicies,whichallowoldermalestobekilledtokeepthepopulationofcougarsincheck,weretheculpritandteenagecougarsintheheavilyhuntedareamayberesponsibleformostofthetrouble.Totesthistheory,headdstwomoregroupsofcougarstothetrackingprogram—oneinaheavilyhuntedareaandanotherinaparablebutlightlyhuntedarea.Heconcludesthatheavyhuntingindeedalmostwipesoutoldermalesandthatthepopulationstructureintheheavilyhuntedareashiftstowardyoungeranimals.Withthesefindings,Wielgusbelieveswithoutadultstokeepthemundercontrol,thedisorderlyteensaremorelikelytoeintoconflictwithhumans,farmanimalsandpets.Wielgus’sideasdon’tsitwellwitheveryone.“Huntingdefinitelydoescauselotsofteenagemalestoflowin,butIdon’tyetseesolidproofthattheyaremorelikelytocausetroublethanoldercats,”saystheUniversityofMontana’sRobinson.“Inmanycases,thenewarrivalshavebeensqueezedoutofremotewildernesshabitatandforcedintoareaswheretheyaremorelikelytoencounterhumans.Ithinkhumansareprimarilyresponsibleforalltheinteractionyousee.We’removingintotheseareaswherecougarsanddeerare,”accordingtoAlldredge,aresearcherattheColoradoDivisionofWildlife.Wemaynotunderstandwhatmakes18yearoldmalesmorelikelythan48yearoldmentododangerousthings,Wielgussays,butweknowthattheworldwouldbeadifferentplace,ifteenagerswereincharge.1.Thepassagebeginswithastoryto.

A.leadintothetopicB.describeanincidentC.showtheauthor’sattitud