浙江省杭州市2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期中试题含解析

Page21其次部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15个小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AMyveryfirstseavoyagewasinasmallmerchantshipoutofNewYorkcalledtheAlba.Iwas12yearsoldatthetime,andfullofdreamsofboundlessadventuresuponthehighseas.ThemomentIsteppeduponthenoisydeck,myuncleJosephsetmestraightaboutshipboardlife.AfterJosephtoldmeabitabouttheAlba,hethensentmebelowthedecktogetmyselfsituated.Herewasastickyanddimlylitspacebarelytallenoughformetostandupstraightin.ItwasthemiddleofJuly,andtheheatwasunbearable.Thereseemedtobenoairatall.Therecertainlywerenowindows,andthesmellthatroseupfromthebottomwassostrongthatitmademehardtobreathe.Fromtheshadows,apairofeyesmaterialized.Theybelongedtoadirtyboynoolderthanme.“Hellomate,youmustbethenewguyjustshippedaboard.I’mNigel.Followme.We’rejustintimefordinner.”Mynewfriendledmeintothetinydiningroomwherethecrewmessed.Thehorriblesmellofsomanymentogetherwasoverpowering.Afterdinner,Nigelshowedmeourberth.Itwasatinylightlessroomnearthebowoftheboat,barelysixfeetlongandonlyfivefeethigh.TherewasasmallareawhereIcouldpackmyclothes,andatnightwewouldstringupourbedssidebysidewithtwootherboys.Thatnightwhenwewereunderway,theshipranintoaviolentAtlanticstorm.ThewavesattackedtheAlbalikeitwasatinyboat.Theshipmadesuchnoises:Iwasafraiditwouldsimplybreakapartatanymoment.AsIlaytheremiserablyrockingbackandforthinmydampbed,Iaskedmyself,“WhathaveIgottenmyselfinto?”1.Theunderlinedword“berth”inParagraph4mostprobablymeans________onaship.A.thebathroom B.thesleepingsection C.thekitchen D.thelowerdeck2.WhichparagraphdescribesthefirsttimethewritersawNigel?A.Paragraph1. B.Paragraph2. C.Paragraph3. D.Paragraph4.3.Inthelastsentenceofthispassage,thewritersuggeststhathe________.A.regrettedtakingthevoyageaboardtheAlba B.hatedmakingfriendswithNigelC.mayneverrecoverfromtheseasickness D.shouldhaveeatenupthedishesonthevoyage【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者第一次海上航行是乘坐一艘从纽约动身的名叫“阿尔巴号”的小商船，但是却遇上了猛烈的大西洋风暴，这让作者特别懊悔这次旅行。【1题详解】词句揣测题。依据第四段后两句“Itwasatinylightlessroomnearthebowoftheboat,barelysixfeetlongandonlyfivefeethigh.TherewasasmallareawhereIcouldpackmyclothes,andatnightwewouldstringupourbedssidebysidewithtwootherboys.(那是靠近船头的一个没有灯光的小房间，只有六英尺长，五英尺高。有一小块地方我可以放衣服，晚上我们会和另外两个男孩一起把床挂在一起。)”可知，第四段中划线词很可能是指船上的卧铺。故选B。【2题详解】微小环节理解题。依据第三段第一句““Hellomate,youmustbethenewguyjustshippedaboard.I’mNigel.Followme.We’rejustintimefordinner.”Mynewfriendledmeintothetinydiningroomwherethecrewmessed.(“你好，店员，你确定是新来的吧？我是奈杰尔。跟我来。我们正好赶上吃晚饭。”我的新挚友把我领进了船员们用餐的小餐厅。)”可知，描述作者第一次见到奈杰尔是在第三段。故选C。【3题详解】推理推断题。依据最终一段最终一句中的“WhathaveIgottenmyselfinto?(我这是给自己惹了什么麻烦？)”可知，在这篇文章的最终一句，作者示意他懊悔乘坐阿尔巴号航行。故选A。BAsmostpeopleknow,inthepastfewyears,sandstormshaveweptacrossmanycitiesandareasofNorthChina,pollutingtheairanddisturbingdailylivesofbeings.Peoplelookdirtyandsuffermanykindsofillnesses,suchasbreathdifficulty.ThesandstormissuchaseriousproblemthatithasnotonlyweakenedtheindustrialandagriculturaldevelopmentofourcountrybutalsocausedalotoftroubletothelivingconditionsoftheChinesepeople.Itisexpectedthateffectivemeasuresbetakenassoonaspossiblethroughourjointeffortstolimititsoccurrence.Sowhatshouldwedowiththefrighteningsandstorms?Someexpertsputforwardpracticalsuggestionsasfollows:Foronething,morefundsoughttobeputintotreeplantingandforestprotectionsoastokeepmorewaterresourceswithinthesurfaceoftheearth.Foranothergovernmentsofallcountriesshouldmakelawsonenvironmentalprotection.Forexample,burningtheuseofthrow-awaychopsticksandpunishingillegaltreecutting.Scientistsshouldalsostudyandfindwaystocutdownthedegreeofitsdestructionandtoimprovethewholeenvironment.Howpeoplelookforwardtosunnydayswithlittlebreeze(微风)touchingtheirfacesnowandforever!Nevertheless,Iamfullyconfidentthatthegoldendayscancomebacksolongaseveryonetrieshisbesttoprotectnaturalenvironmentfromtodayon.AndthefactisthatwhatIexpectisnotjustadream.Therearesomesweetfruitsfromtheearlyefforts.4.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Causesofsandstorms. B.Measurestopreventsandstorms.C.Harmsdonebysandstorms. D.Areasdisturbedbysandstorms.5.Howmanywaysdosomeexpertsputforwardtofightagainstsandstorm?A.5 B.4 C.3 D.26.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Thedamagesandstormscausecanneverbeavoided.B.Theauthorhasconfidenceinfightingagainstsandstorms.C.Theauthorisunsureaboutthefutureoftheenvironment.D.Theimprovementoftheenvironmentisespeciallyrelaxing.7.Whatwilltheauthorprobablywriteaboutinthefollowingpart?A.Whypeopleshouldalwayscarryonwithdreams. B.Successfulexamplesofstoppingsandstorms.C.Abrightworldwithnosandstormanymore. D.Howtorealizeourdreamstoliveahappylite.【答案】4.C5.C6.B7.B【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍沙尘暴的危害和防止沙尘暴的详细措施。【4题详解】主旨大意题。依据第一段“Asmostpeopleknow,inthepastfewyears,sandstormshaveweptacrossmanycitiesandareasofNorthChina,pollutingtheairanddisturbingdailylivesofbeings.Peoplelookdirtyandsuffermanykindsofillnesses,suchasbreathdifficulty.ThesandstormissuchaseriousproblemthatithasnotonlyweakenedtheindustrialandagriculturaldevelopmentofourcountrybutalsocausedalotoftroubletothelivingconditionsoftheChinesepeople.Itisexpectedthateffectivemeasuresbutakenassoonaspossiblethroughourjointeffortstolimititsoccurrence.(正如大多数人所知，在过去的几年里，沙尘暴席卷了华北的很多城市和地区，污染了空气，扰乱了人们的日常生活。人们看起来很脏，而且会患上很多疾病，比如呼吸困难。沙尘暴是一个严峻的问题，它不仅减弱了我国的工农业发展，而且给中国人民的生活条件带来了很多麻烦。希望通过我们的共同努力，尽快实行有效措施，限制其发生。)”可知，第一段主要讲解并描述沙尘暴的危害。故选C。【5题详解】微小环节理解题。依据其次段“Sowhatshouldwedowiththefrighteningsandstorms?Someexpertsputforwardpracticalsuggestionsasfollows:Foronething,morefundsoughttbbeputintotreeplantingandforestprotectionsoastokeepmorewaterresourceswithinthesurfaceoftheearth.Foranothergovernmentsofallcountriesshouldmakelawsonenvironmentalprotection.Forexample,burningtheuseofthrow-awaychopsticksandpunishingillegaltreecutting.Scientistsshouldalsostudyandfindwaystocutdownthedegreeofitsdestructionandtoimprovethewholeenvironment.(那么，我们该如何应对这些可怕的沙尘暴呢？一些专家提出了一些切实可行的建议：一方面，应当投入更多的资金用于植树造林和森林疼惜，以使更多的水资源留在地表。另一方面，各国政府都应当制定有关环境疼惜的法律。例如，焚烧一次性筷子和惩处非法砍伐树木。科学家们还应当探讨并找到降低其破坏程度和改善整个环境的方法。)”可知，专家提出了3条建议来降低沙尘暴的破坏。故选C。【6题详解】推理推断题。依据最终一段“Nevertheless,Iamfullyconfidentthatthegoldendayscancomebacksolongaseveryonetrieshisbesttoprotectnaturalenvironmentfromtodayon.AndthefactisthatwhatIexpectisnotjustadream.Therearesomesweetfruitsfromtheearlyefforts.(尽管如此，我完全信任，只要每个人从今日起尽最大努力疼惜自然环境，充溢阳光好日子就会回来。事实上，我所期盼的不仅仅是一场梦。早期的努力结出了一些硕果。)”推知，作者对胜利治理沙尘暴是很有信念的。故选B。【7题详解】推理推断题。依据最终一段“Nevertheless,Iamfullyconfidentthatthegoldendayscancomebacksolongaseveryonetrieshisbesttoprotectnaturalenvironmentfromtodayon.AndthefactisthatwhatIexpectisnotjustadream.Therearesomesweetfruitsfromtheearlyefforts.(尽管如此，我完全信任，只要每个人从今日起尽最大努力疼惜自然环境，充溢阳光的好日子就会回来。事实上，我所期盼的不仅仅是一场梦。早期的努力结出了一些硕果。)”可知，作者在文章最终提出了治理沙尘暴的早起努力，所以推知文章接下来要介绍胜利治理沙尘暴的详细案例。故选B。CIn1810,duringhisfirstGrandTourofEurope,ByroncarvedhisnameintoacolumnbaseoftheTempleofPoseidonontheAegeancoast.AlthoughByronhimselfmightnothaveactuallywrittenthenamethatisleftthere,thestoryhasbecomepartofthehistoryofthemonument,searchedforbyhisadmirersamongthehundredsofothernamescarvedalloverthetemple.Moderngraffiti,however,ismetwithaverydifferentreaction.In2014aRussiantouristwasfined€20,000forcarvingalarge“K”onawalloftheColosseuminRome,thefifthsuchincidentthatyear.Whatisthethinkingbehindsuchacts?Aretouristsaimingforillfametobecomepartofthemonument’shistory?Orisitsimplypartoftheexperienceofvisitingthesite?And,further,whyishistoricalgraffiti,whichwasequallydestructive,consideredhistoricheritages?Themotivesbehindthemare,afterall,probablythesame,however,graffiticomestotellusaboutlivesandmomentsthatmightotherwisehavebeenlost.Theearliestgraffitiofaperson’snameonamonumenthasbeenidentifiedbythehistorianLionelCassoninacaveatWadiHammamatinEgyptin2000BC.ThenameofHenaiscutintothesandstonealongsidealistofhisachievements.InancientGreece,too,stoas(柱廊)werethemeetingplacesofphilosophersandtheplacesforschoolboys’lessons.WethereforeoftenseealphabetsandHomericpoemswrittenontheirwalls.Anditisnotjustmonumentsandbuildings:Miltiades,ageneralfromtheBattleofMarathonin490BC,carvedhisnameintothehelmethewore.IntheAthens,too,aSpartanshield(盾)wasfoundwithwordsnotingthattheAthenianscaptureditduringtheBattlein425BC.Withoutsuchgraffiti,theobjectswouldstillbeimpressive,butfarlessusefulforhistorians,astheirwritingprovidesanexactoriginalplace.Inthe21stcentury,however,withtherapidincreaseintourism,ifeveryonedecidedtoleavetheirmark,thesesiteswouldbeirretrievable(不行挽回地)destroyed.PerhapsBeijing’scontroversialnewfreegraffitizonesoncertainsectionsoftheGreatWallofChinawillsatisfythedesiretocarveourownpieceofhistoryintothelimitedresourceofthemonument,thoughitseemsunlikelythatitwilleasilybecontainedtoonearea.Regardless,itisimportantthatweprotectthesemonuments—andthegraffitithatsomeofthemalreadycontain.8.WhyisBaron’scarvinghisnameintothecolumnbasementionedinthefirstparagraph?A.Tointroducetherelatedtopic. B.Toattractmorepeopletocopyhim.C.Toshowhisadmirerstosearch. D.Tobecomepartofthestoryofthemonument.9.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.ItwasactuallyByronthatwroteandcarvedhisnamethere.B.ItwasthefifthtimethattheRussiantouristhadbeenfinedthatyear.C.Ancientgraffitiwascarvedmorethanonmonumentsandbuildings.D.Themotivesbehindancientandmoderngraffitiarecompletelythesame.10.Wherewastheearliestgraffitiofaperson’snameonamonumentdiscovered?A.InacaveinEgypt. B.InatempleontheAegeancoast.C.OnawalloftheColosseuminRome. D.InanancientmeetingplaceinGreece.11.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.WhatwastheEarliestGraffiti? B.What’stheWaytoProtectGraffiti?C.WhatCanWeLearnFromAncientGraffiti? D.WhatwastheMotivationofAncientGraffiti?【答案】8.A9.C10.A11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文提到古代涂鸦很重要，对于历史学家考古探讨具有重大意义，也更有助于现代人更好地了解历史。【8题详解】推理推断题。通读全文，依据第三段“Whatisthethinkingbehindsuchacts?Aretouristsaimingforillfametobecomepartofthemonument’shistory?Orisitsimplypartoftheexperienceofvisitingthesite?And,further,whyishistoricalgraffiti,whichwasequallydestructive,consideredhistoricheritages?Themotivesbehindthemare,afterall,probablythesame,however,graffiticomestotellusaboutlivesandmomentsthatmightotherwisehavebeenlost.(这种行为背后的思想是什么？游客们是想让恶名成为纪念碑历史的一部分吗？还是仅仅是参观网站体验的一部分？此外，为什么同样具有破坏性的历史涂鸦被认为是历史遗产？终归，涂鸦背后的动机可能是相同的，然而，涂鸦是为了告知我们那些可能已经失去的生活和时刻)”可知，本文主要想探讨，涂鸦的意义，古今涂鸦的区分。由此可知，第一段提及拜伦把他的名字刻在栏基上是为了引出相关话题。故选A。【9题详解】微小环节理解题。依据第四段“Theearliestgraffitiofaperson’snameonamonumenthasbeenidentifiedbythehistorianLionelCassoninacaveatWadiHammamatinEgyptin2000BC.ThenameofHenaiscutintothesandstonealongsidealistofhisachievements.InancientGreece,too,stoas(柱廊)werethemeetingplacesofphilosophersandtheplacesforschoolboys’lessons.WethereforeoftenseealphabetsandHomericpoemswrittenontheirwalls.(历史学家莱昂内尔·卡森于公元前2000年在埃及瓦迪·哈马马特的一个洞窟中发觉了纪念碑上最早的人名涂鸦。砂岩上刻着赫那的名字，旁边是他的成就。在古希腊，柱廊也是哲学家聚会的地方，也是学校男孩上课的地方。因此，我们常常在墙上看到字母和荷马史诗)”可知，古代的涂鸦不仅雕刻在纪念碑和建筑上，还有刻在洞窟，砂岩和学校的墙上等。故选C。【10题详解】微小环节理解题。依据第四段“Theearliestgraffitiofaperson’snameonamonumenthasbeenidentifiedbythehistorianLionelCassoninacaveatWadiHammamatinEgyptin2000BC.(历史学家莱昂内尔·卡森于公元前2000年在埃及瓦迪·哈马马特的一个洞窟中发觉了纪念碑上最早的人名涂鸦)”可知，纪念碑上最早的人名涂鸦是在埃及的一个山洞里。故选A。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，依据倒数其次段“Withoutsuchgraffiti,theobjectswouldstillbeimpressive,butfarlessusefulforhistorians,astheirwritingprovidesanexactoriginalplace.(假如没有这样的涂鸦，这些物品照旧会令人印象深刻，但对历史学家来说却远没有那么有用，因为它们的文字供应了一个精确的原始位置)”可知，古代人留下的涂鸦对于历史学家的考古探讨来说具有重大意义，这些涂鸦包含一些有用信息以供探讨，由此可知，本文主要说明白我们可以从古代涂鸦中了解到什么。由此可知，C项“我们能从古代涂鸦中了解到什么？”适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。DThemajorityofpeopleareunabletocommittoahealthylong-termlifestyle—althoughtheyaresomehowwillingto!Thereseemstobeaparadoxhere.Webecomemoreawareoftheimportanceofleadingahealthylifestyleonaregularbasis.Yet,wejustdon’tmanageto.Wemayengageinavarietyofshort-termprojects:1-weekdetoxretreatsor1-monthseverediets.Butthebenefitstheseshort-termactivitiesproducearequicklylostaswearedraggedbacktoour“bad”habitsinthelonger-term.Theinabilitytosticktoahealthylifestylemakesusfeelfrustratedandunhealthy.Whatisthewayoutthen?Thefirststepistounderstandtheproblemmoredeeply:Whatarethemainobstaclesofpursuingahealthylifestyle?Whicharethefundamentalaspectstoahealthylifestyle?Howaretheyinterconnected?Ifweunderstandtheproblemanditscomponentsmoredeeply,weareonestepclosertocomingupwithasolution.Surveysshowhowin85%ofcasesintheUSandEurope,themainobstaclestopursuingahealthylifestylearetobefoundamonglackofawareness,time,self-controlandguidelines.“Humanstendtoheavilydiscountthefuture,meaningthingsthatwehavenowaremorevaluabletousthanthingswe’llhaveinafewyears.”saidA.Braunin2024.Forthisreason,wecannotcorrectlyweighthecostsandconsequencesofchoosingunhealthyhabitstoday,andwetendtogiveintoshort-termpleasures,althoughthismeansreducinglonger-termbenefits.Wedeliberatelychoosetoexperienceandenjoyshort-termpleasure,mainlybecauseofastressconditionwemayhave,orbecauseofpersonality.Theunderlyingreasonforthesebehaviorsisprimarilystress,asneurosciencediscoveriesinfactsuggest,“Ingeneral,stressresultsinhabitbehaviorinhumans,sodealingfirstandforemostwithstressisprobablyadvisablewhenyouarelookingtomakelastingchanges.Luckily,yourbraincanchangethroughoutlife.Decreasingstresscouldfinallyhelpyourbrainbecomelesseasilyinfluencedbyhabit.”12.Whydopeopleengageinvariousshort-termprojects?A.Todeleteabadhabit. B.Tokeephealthyinlifestyle.C.Togoonaseverediet. D.Tosolvetheparadox.13.Whatistheobstacleofpursuingahealthylifestyle?A.Lackingenoughself-discipline. B.Gainingnorewardfromworkingout.C.Havingnomotivewhenmakingschedules. D.Relyingontoomuchguidancefromothers.14.ByquotingA.Braun’swordsinparagraph5,theauthorwantsto.A.highlighttheassociationbetweenhabitsandlifestyleB.stressthelong-termvalueofadoptinghealthyhabitsC.showatrendofpursuinglong-termpleasuresD.conveypeople’scommitmenttoahealthylifestyle15.Whatcanwelearnaboutneurosciencediscoveries?A.Changingbrainactivitieshelpsdecreasestress.B.Personalitycontributestoone’sshort-termpleasure.C.People’shabitbehaviortendstodominatetheiremotions.D.Reducingstressisthekeytostickingtoahealthylifestyle.【答案】12.B13.A14.B15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明白大多数人无法致力于一种健康的长期生活方式的缘由以及解决方案。【12题详解】微小环节理解题。依据其次段中“Webecomemoreawareoftheimportanceofleadingahealthylifestyleonaregularbasis.Yet,wejustdon’tmanageto.Wemayengageinavarietyofshort-termprojects:1-weekdetoxretreatsor1-monthseverediets.(我们越来越意识到定期保持健康生活方式的重要性。然而，我们就是无法做到这一点。我们可能会参与各种各样的短期项目：1周的排毒养息 或1个月的严格饮食)”可知，人们从事各种短期项目是为了保持健康的生活方式。故选B。【13题详解】微小环节理解题。依据第四段“Surveysshowhowin85%ofcasesintheUSandEurope,themainobstaclestopursuingahealthylifestylearetobefoundamonglackofawareness,time,self-controlandguidelines.(调查显示，在美国和欧洲，85%的状况下，追求健康生活方式的主要障碍是缺乏意识、时间、自制力和指导方针)”可知，追求健康生活方式的障碍是缺乏自律。故选A。【14题详解】推理推断题。依据第五段““Humanstendtoheavilydiscountthefuture,meaningthingsthatwehavenowaremorevaluabletousthanthingswe’llhaveinafewyears.”saidA.Braunin2024.Forthisreason,wecannotcorrectlyweighthecostsandconsequencesofchoosingunhealthyhabitstoday,andwetendtogiveintoshort-termpleasures,althoughthismeansreducinglonger-termbenefits.(“人类倾向于严峻低估将来，这意味着我们现在拥有的东西比几年后我们将拥有的东西更有价值，A.Braun在2024年说。出于这个缘由，我们不能正确地衡量今日选择不健康习惯的代价和后果，我们倾向于屈服于短期的欢乐，尽管这意味着削减长期的好处)”推知，通过在第5段引用A.Braun的话，作者想强调养成健康习惯的长期价值。故选B。【15题详解】微小环节理解题。依据最终一段中“Theunderlyingreasonforthesebehaviorsisprimarilystress,asneurosciencediscoveriesinfactsuggest,“Ingeneral,stressresultsinhabitbehaviorinhumans,sodealingfirstandforemostwithstressisprobablyadvisablewhenyouarelookingtomakelastingchanges.”(这些行为的潜在缘由主要是压力，正如神经科学的发觉事实上表明的那样，“一般来说，压力会导致人类的习惯行为，所以当你想要做出许久的变更时，首先处理压力可能是可取的。”)”可知，我们能从神经科学的发觉中学到削减压力是坚持健康生活方式的关键。故选D。其次节（共5个小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Everyonehasmomentsofforgetfulness（健忘）fromtimetotime,especiallywhenlifegetsbusy.___16___,havingapoormemorycanbefrustrating.However,researchhasshownthattherearewaystoimproveyourmemory.GetenoughsleepSleepingwellhelpsmakeepisodicmemoriesstronger.___17___,especiallyaboutlearningmotorskills,suchaslearningtoplayamusicalinstrumentofrideabike.CBelievetorememberPositivethinkingappearstoimprovememoryperformance.Researchersfoundtheycouldimprovetheperformanceofpeopleaged60andaboveinmemorytestsbypresentingthemwithpositiveage-relatedwordssuchas"wise",and"sharp-witted".___18___.Brainscanshaveshowndifferencesinactivitylevelsinbrainregions,accordingtowhetherindividualsbelievetheyhavegoodrecallabilitiesornot.___19___Memoriescanbeweakenedifthebraindoesn'thaveenoughdowntimetostrengthenthem.Morethanacenturyago,Germanscientistsshowedthatpeopleperformedalmosttwiceaswellinmemorytestsiftheytookbreaks.Staysocial___20___.USscientistswhoaskedpeopleintheir50sand60stodomemorytestseveryotheryearfoundthereisaslowerdeclineinrecallabilitiesofthemostsociablepersons.Havinggoodfriends,volunteeringandotherformsofsocialengagementalsoprotectmemory.A.StaymentallyactiveB.TakeabreakC.WhilethiscanbeacompletelynormalphenomenonD.PoorsleepisthoughttohaveasignificanteffectonmemoryE.ThereisevidencethatsleepplaysanimportantroleinstrengtheningmemoriesF.HavinganactivesociallifedelaysmemorylossasweageG.Givingotherswordssuchas"forgettable"and"confused"weakenedtheirperformance【答案】16.C17.E18.G19.B20.F【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍健忘很正常及改善记忆的方法。【16题详解】下文“However,researchhasshownthattherearewaystoimproveyourmemory.（然而，调查已经显示有改善你记忆的方法。）”说明健忘属于正常现象，并且有方法可以帮助改善记忆。C项“Whilethiscanbeacompletelynormalphenomenon（但这完全属于正常现象。）”与下文“havingapoormemorycanbefrustrating.”（记忆力不好会让人懊丧。）构成让步关系，故选C。【17题详解】上文“Sleepingwellhelpsmakeepisodicmemoriesstronger.（睡得好会帮助加强片段记忆。）”说明睡眠对记忆的重要作用。E项“Thereisevidencethatsleepplaysanimportantroleinstrengtheningmemories（有证据表明：睡眠在加强记忆上起到重要作用。）”与上文内容一样，故选E。【18题详解】上文“Researchersfoundtheycouldimprovetheperformanceofpeopleaged60andaboveinmemorytestsbypresentingthemwithpositiveage-relatedwordssuchas"wise",and"sharp-witted".（探讨发觉：他们可以改善60岁人们的表现。通过运用与年龄相关的、主动的词汇评价他们来提高记忆检测水平，如聪慧的、机敏的。）”说明主动的词汇可以帮助改善记忆。G项“Givingotherswordssuchas"forgettable"and"confused"weakenedtheirperformance（说一些其他的词，如健忘的、困惑的，这些词会使他们的表现弱化。）”举出上文状况的反面状况，上下文内容都是在强调主动评论词汇的重要性，故选G。【19题详解】下文“Morethanacenturyago,Germanscientistsshowedthatpeopleperformedalmosttwiceaswellinmemorytestsiftheytookbreaks.（100多年前，德国科学家表明：假如人们休息，那么他们在记忆测试上的表现几乎是之前的2倍好。）”说明休息对记忆的重要性。B项“Takeabreak（休息）”是本段的小标题，并对下文内容概括总结，故选B。【20题详解】下文“USscientistswhoaskedpeopleintheir50sand60stodomemorytestseveryotheryearfoundthereisaslowerdeclineinrecallabilitiesofthemostsociablepersons.（每隔一年，美国科学家都会请年龄在50到60岁的人做记忆检测。试验表明：大多数社交型的人在回忆实力方面有更慢的降低趋势。）”说明社交可以减缓遗忘。F项“Havinganactivesociallifedelaysmemorylossasweage”（随着我们变老，拥有主动的社交可以延缓记忆丢失。）与下文内容一样，说明社交对记忆的重要性，故选F。第三部分：语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节：完形填空（共15个小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。Whilehighschooldoesnotgenerallyencouragestudentstoexplorenewaspectsoflife,collegesetsthestageforthatexploration.Imyselfwentthroughthis___21___processandfoundsomethingthathaschangedmy___22___atcollegeforthebetter:IdiscoveredASL-AmericanSignLanguage.Ineverfeltanurge(冲动)to___23___anysignlanguagebefore.Myentirefamilyishearing,andsoareallmyfriends.The___24___languagewereenoughinallmyinteractions.LittledidIknowthatIwoulddiscovermy___25___forASL.Thestorybeganduringmyfirstweekatcollege.IwatchedastheASLClub___26___theirtranslationofasong.Boththehandmovementsandtheveryideaofcommunicatingwithoutspeaking___27___me.WhatIsawwascompletelyunlikeanythingIhadexperiencedinthe___28___.Thisnewnessjustleftme___29___more.Afterthat,feelingtheneedtoexplorefurther,IdecidedtodropinononeofASLClub'smeetings.Ionlylearnedhowto___30___thealphabet(字母表)thatday.Yetinsteadofbeingdiscouragedbymy___31___progress,Iwasexcited.Ithenmadeitapointto___32___thosemeetingsandlearnallIcould.Thefollowingterm,IregisteredanASLclass.Theprofessorwasdeafandanytalkingwas___33___.Isoonrealizedthatthesilencewasnotunpleasant.___34___iftherehadbeenanytalking,itwouldhavecausedustolearnless.Now,Iappreciatethesilenceandthe___35___wayofcommunicationitopens.21.A.searching B.planning C.natural D.formal22.A.progress B.experience C.advance D.potential23.A.choose B.read C.learn D.create24.A.official B.non-verbal C.body D.spoken25A.love B.concern C.aim D.request26.A.recorded B.detected C.performed D.assessed27.A.flooded B.supported C.attracted D.embarrassed28.A.process B.end C.distance D.past29.A.showing B.desiring C.claiming D.acting30.A.print B.write C.sign D.count31.A.obvious B.regular C.relevant D.slow32.A.chair B.sponsor C.attend D.organize33.A.welcomed B.available C.repeated D.impossible34A.Hence B.Instead C.Nevertheless D.Lastly35.A.new B.quick C.popular D.easy【答案】21.A22.B23.C24.D25.A26.C27.C28.D29.B30.C31.D32.C33.D34.B35.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲解并描述了作者在高校学美国手语的阅历，让作者学会了去观赏这种无声的表达方式，也让作者开启了新的沟通方式。【21题详解】考查动名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：我自己也阅历了这个找寻的过程，发觉了一些让我在高校的阅历变得更好的东西：我发觉了美国手语。A.searching搜寻；B.planning支配；C.natural自然的；D.formal正式的。依据前文“Whilehighschooldoesnotgenerallyencouragestudentstoexplorenewaspectsoflife,collegesetsthestageforthatexploration.”（虽然中学通常不激励学生探究生活的新方面，但高校为这种探究奠定了基础。）高校就是一个探究的过程，为我们新的探究奠定基础，因此可知，作者上高校后也阅历了找寻某种东西的过程。故选A。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我自己也阅历了这个找寻的过程，发觉了一些让我在高校的阅历变得更好的东西：我发觉了美国手语。A.progress进步，进展；B.experience阅历；C.advance进步；D.potential潜力。依据后文“atcollegeforthebetter:IdiscoveredASL-AmericanSignLanguage”（发觉了一些变更了我高校生活的东西:我发觉了美国手语。）以及“Now,Iappreciatethesilenceandthe15wayofcommunicationitopens.”（现在，我很观赏这种缄默，以及它开启的一种新的沟通方式。）可知，作者在高校发觉了美国手语，而这一发觉也让作者在后来学会去观赏这种无声的表达方式，因此可知，这个发觉让作者高校的阅历变得更好。故选B。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我以前从未有过学习任何手语的冲动。A.choose选择；B.read阅读；C.learn学习；D.create创建。依据后文“Afterthat,feelingtheneedtoexplorefurther,IdecidedtodropinononeofASLClub'smeetings.Ionlylearnedhowto10thealphabet(字母表)thatday.”（在那之后，觉得有必要进一步探究，我确定去参与一个美国手语俱乐部的会议。那天我只学会了如何表示字母表。）可知，作者在了解了这一种手语后，对此充溢爱好，想要了解更多，有想要学习这种手语的冲动。故选C。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我全部的互动中，口语已经足够了。A.official正式的；B.non-verbal非语言的；C.body身体；D.spoken口语的。依据前文“Myentirefamilyishearing,andsoareallmyfriends.”（我的家人都能听到，我挚友也是。）可知，作者生活当中用不到手语，因为身边的人都是听力正常的，所以作者觉得口语沟通足够了。故选D。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不知道我会发觉我对美国手语的爱。A.love爱；B.concern关注；C.aim目标；D.request恳求。依据后文“Afterthat,feelingtheneedtoexplorefurther,IdecidedtodropinononeofASLClub'smeetings.”（在那之后，觉得有必要进一步探究，我确定去参与一个美国手语俱乐部的会议。）可知，作者宠爱上了这种手语，想要去探究更多关于这种手语，因此可知，作者从来不知道自己有一天会爱上这种手语。故选A。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看着美国手语俱乐部表演他们翻译的一首歌。A.recorded记录；B.detected察觉；C.performed表演；D.assessed评价。依据后文“Boththehandmovementsandtheveryideaofcommunicatingwithoutspeaking7me.”（手势和不用说话就能沟通的想法都吸引了我。）可知，作者是被他们通过肢体语言来去演绎一首歌而吸引住了，从今爱上了手语，因此可知作者是看了手语俱乐部的表演。故选C。27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：手部动作和不说话沟通的想法都吸引了我。A.flooded涌入；B.supported支持；C.attracted吸引；D.embarrassed使尴尬。依据后文“WhatIsawwascompletelyunlikeanythingIhadexperiencedinthe8”（我所看到的与我过去所阅历的完全不同。）可知，这是作者从未有过的阅历，让作者想要了解地更多，因此可知作者被深深吸引了。故选C。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我所看到的与我过去阅历的完全不同。A.process过程；B.end结束；C.distance距离；D.past过去。依据后文“Thisnewnessjustleftme9more.”（这种簇新感让我想要了解更多。）可知，这对作者来说是全新的阅历，从未有过的，因此可知这是作者以前从未有过的阅历。故选D。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种簇新感让我想要了解更多。A.showing展示；B.desiring渴望；C.claiming声明；D.acting行动。依据后文“Afterthat,feelingtheneedtoexplorefurther,IdecidedtodropinononeofASLClub'smeetings.”（在那之后，觉得有必要进一步探究，我确定去参与一个美国手语俱乐部的会议。）可知，作者在看了表演之后，被深深吸引住了，因此确定更进一步地了解这种手语，因此可知作者想要了解更多。故选B。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天我只学会了用手语来表达字母。A.print打印；B.write写；C.sign打手语；D.count数数。依据前文“IdecidedtodropinononeofASLclub’smeetings.”（我确定去参与一个美国手语俱乐部的会议。）可知，作者参与的是手语俱乐部的会议，自然学的就是手语，因此那天作者学会了用手语来表达字母。故选C。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我并没有因为进步缓慢而气馁，相反，我很兴奋。A.obvious明显的；B.regular规则的；C.relevant有关的；D.slow慢的。依据前文“Ionlylearnedhowto10thealphabetthatday.Yetinsteadofbeingdiscouraged”（那天我只学会了用手语来表达字母。然而我并没有气馁）可知，作者只学会了用手语表达字母，但是作者没有为此感到气馁，由此推断，作者学手语的速度不快，进步不大，但作者并不灰心。故选D。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：之后，我确定参与这些会议，尽可能多地学习。A.chair主持；B.sponsor赞助；C.attend参与；D.organize组织。依据前文“decidedtodropinononeofASLclub’smeetings.”（我确定去参与一个美国手语俱乐部的会议。）可知，自从作者参与一次会议之后，作者决心常常参与这些会议，让自己多学点。故选C。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：教授是个聋子，任何谈话都是不行能的。A.welcomed欢迎；B.available可用的；C.repeated重复；D.impossible不行能的。依据后文“Isoonrealizedthatthesilencewasnotunpleasant.”（我很快意识到这种缄默并非令人不快。）可知，这个课堂是无声的课堂，大家都是通过手语来沟通的，因此可知在课堂上不允许用口语来沟通，所以谈话是不行能的。故选D。【34题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：