专升本英语语法知识归纳

一时态和语态：16种表现形式

时/现在过去将来过去将来

态

一般do/doesdidwill/shalldowould/

am/is/arewas/wereshoulddo

进行am/is/are,was/werewill/shallbewould/

doingdoingdoingshouldbe

doing

完成have/hoshaddonewill/shallhavewould/shouldhave

donedonedone

用于圜a语气

完成have/hashadbeenwill/shallhavewould/should

进行beendoingdoingbeendoinghavebeen

doing

一、一般现在时(do/does;am/is/are)

考点如下：

1.时间状语：

2.表示客观事实，永恒真理和规律。

必考点1：3.(主将从现)在时间和条件状语从句中，从句中的谓语动词用一般现在时表示

一般将来时。

考法：IfyoupassthespokenEnglishtest,youwillgetachancetogoabroad.

解析：考试一般都会给出时间/条件连词，且从句中的时态，让考生们选择主句中的时态。

注意1：如果从句中的时态是do/does,那么主句中是willdo/shalldo/begoingtodo/be

abouttodo/betodo.(be动词为am/is/are;这里willdo出现的考点频率最高)

注意2：如果从句中的时态是did,那么主句中是woulddo/shouldldo/begoingtodo/be

abouttodo/betodo.(be动词为was/were;这里would/shoulddo出现的考点频率最高)

2.Heassoonashefinisheshishomework.

A.goestobedB.willgoestobed

C.wenttobedD.willgotobed

主将从现例题：用所给词的适当形式填空：

1.Ifhe(study)harder,hewillcatchupwithussoon.

2.Frank(see)afilmifhe'sfreenextSaturday.

3.Wewon'tgototheparkifit(rain)tomorrow.

注意3：主句中暗含一般将来时，从句中仍然用一般现在时(do/does)：

1.thenewsecretaryissupposedtoreporttothemanagerassoonasshe

a.willarriveb.arrives

c.isarrivingd.isgoingtoarrive

2.--canIjoinyourclub,Dad?

---youcanwhenyouabitolder.

a.getb.willgetc.aregettingd.willhaveget

3.remembertosendmeaphotoofyoursonnexttimeyoutome.

a.writeb.willwritec.arewritingd.wouldwrite

4.IfMr.Smithback,pleaseletmeknow.

A.willcomeB.comesC.cameD.hadcome

必考点2：4.themore...,themore…句型

完整句型：The+形容词/副词的比较级+（名词）+主语+谓语，the+形容词/副词的比较级+

（名词）+主语+谓语.

Eg:Themorebookshereads,thehappierheis.

12年真题：18题

shesaid,shegot.

A.Themorethemoreexcited

B.Moreexcited

C.Muchthemoreexcited

D.Themuchexcited

翻译练习题：

1.他越忙就越高兴。

Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.

2.你越用功,进步就越大。

Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.

二、一般过去时（did;was/were）考点如下：

1.时间状语：lastweek/year/month;yesterday;in2003;beforeago

2.必考点：关于use的短语方法：根据主语定

sb.usedtodo"过去常常”（肯定表否定）

sb.be/get/becomeusedtodoingsth.

“某人习惯于做某事”

sth.beusedtodosth.、

sth.beuesdfordoingsth.

sth.usedtobedone”某物被用来做。。。”

三、一般将来时（willdo）考点如下：

1.表现形式：willdo/begoingtodo/betodo/beaboutto^o...when...

2.必考点：表位移的方向性瞬间动词用一般现在时或者是现在进行时表将来（一般用于列

车时刻表的出发或者是离开）

必考点：leave;come;go;start;arrive；begin;takeoff

11年真题19题

Histrain_______at9:00tomorrowmorning.Iwillsee

himoff.

A.leavesB.isleft

C.willhaveleftD.willbeleft

四、现在进行时(am/is/aredoing)

1.常与now连用，表示现在正在做某事

2.常与always,constantly,continually连用，表达一种感情色彩

3.必考点：表方向性的位移瞬间动词用现在进行时表将来

leave;come;go;start;arrive;move

五、现在完成时(have/hasdone)考点如下：

1.必考点：提示词

(1).since+过去时间点/句子(did),主句(have/hasdone)e.g.since1995

(2).for+一段时间e.g.for5years

(3).lately>recently>sofar=uptonow=bynow=tillnow、just>already>thesedays

(4).in/over/during/for+thepast/last+few/具体数字+years/days/months

1.wetheJourneytotheWestsincewewereyoung.

a.sawb.havesee

c.haveseend.havebeenseen

2.hurryup!thefilmfortenminutes.

a.hadbegunb.hasbegun

c.begand.begins

用所给词的适当形式填空：

1.1already(see)thefilm.I(see)itlastweek.

2.he(finish)hisworktoday?

Notyet.

3.you(be)toHongKong?

Yes,I(be)theretwice.

4.Hejust(finish)hishomework.

六：过去完成时(haddone)与将来完成时(willhavedone)

必考点总结：

(1).过去完成时：by/bytheendof+过去时间(bylastweek/month/year)

将来完成时：by/bytheendof+将来时间(bynext/thisweek/month/year)

Eg:wehadfinishedallthecoursesbytheendoflastterm.

Wewillhavefinishedallthecoursesbytheendofnextterm.

(2).过去完成时：bythetime/when+(did),主句(haddone)

将来完成时：bythetime/when+(do/does),主句(willhavedone)

Eg:whenhecamewehadeatenallthefood.

whenhecomeswewillhaveeatenallthefood.

七：固定句型(必考点)4个

1.It/This/That+is+the+序数词/形容词的最高级+(n.)+that+句子(have/hasdone)

2.It/This/That+was+the+序数词/形容词的最高级+(n.)+that+句子(haddone)

3.hardly/scarcely••,when;nosooner,,,than

4.hope/expect/plan/promise/besure/assure+that+(一般将来时：will/shalldo)

5.hoped/expected/planed/promised/besured/assured…+that+(过去将来时：would/shoulddo)

6.had+hoped/expected/thought/intended/meant/supposed/wanted本希望/本期盼/本想/….(虚

拟语气)+句子(did)

过去完成时：例题赏析：

1.whenwearrivedatthecinema,thetickets.

a.soldoutb.sellsout

c.hadbeensoldoutd.hadsoldout

2.WhenIreachedhome,myparentstheirsupper.

A.arehavingB.havealreadyhad

C.havehadD.hadalreadyhad

(3)Wetheworkbysixyesterdayevening.

A.finishedB.wouldfinish

C.hadfinishedD.hadbeenfinished

(4)DidyouseeXiaoLiattheparty?No,bythetimeIarrived.

A.shehadleftB.she*sleft

C.ShewasleftD.shemustleave

12年21题

1.Hardlyhadhefinishedhisspeechtheaudiencestartedcheering.

a.whenb.thanc.andd.as

10年22题

Hardlywhenaloudexplosionwasheard.

a.thetrainhadstartedb.hadthetrainstarted

c.thetrainstatedd.didthetrainstart

将来完成时：例题演练：

1.Bytheendofthisyear,1enoughmoneyforaholiday.

A.willhavesavedB.willbesaving

C.willsavedD.havesaved

2.“AreyougoingtoRichardvsbirthdayparty?"

Yes.BythenI______myhomework..”

A.hadfinishedB.willhavefinished

C.wouldhavefinished

D.finished

3.Ihopethattheytheroadbythetimewecomeback.

A.willhaverepaired

B.wouldhaverepaired

C.haverepairedD.hadrepaired

4.BythetimeyouarriveinLondon,we_______inEuropefortwoweeks.

A.shallstayB.willhavestayed

C.havestayedD.havebeenstaying

5.Theconferenceafullweekbythetimeitends.

A.musthavelastedB.willhavelasted

C.wouldlastD.haslasted

6.Allthemachinesbytheendofthefollowingweek.

A.wererepairedB.willberepaired

C.havebeenrepairedDwillhavebeenrepaired

09年23题

ProfessorLiuhereforoverthirtyyearswhenheretires.

a.willteachb.willhavebeentaught

c.willbeteachingd.willhavetaught

10年19题

BythetimeyouarriveinLondon,theSmiths______inEuropeforthreeweeks.

a.havestayedb.havebeenstaying

c.shallstayd.willhavestayed

12年19题

Theyfromtheuniversitybytheendofthismonth.

a.aregraduatingb.wouldgraduate

c.havegraduatedd.willhavegraduated

将来完成时&将来完成进行时：

1.1hereinthisfactoryfortwentyyearsbytheendofthisyear.

a.shallhavebeenworking

b.shallworked

c.worked

d.amworking

2.wefortenhourswhentheycomeback.

a.willwork

b.willhaveworked

c.willhavebeenworking

d.Work

注意：当现在完成时和现在完成时同时出现在选项中，优选现在完成进行时(have/hasbeen

doing)

1.1hereinthisfactoryfortwentyyearsbytheendofthisyear.

a.shallhavebeenworking

b.shallworked

c.worked

d.amworking

2.wefortenhourswhentheycomeback.

a.willwork

b.willhaveworked

c.willhavebeenworking

d.work

语态真题：

20.Yourcomputerneeds.

a.repairb.repairing

c.torepaird.beingrepaired

注意：同样考点的词：n土ed/want/worth/require/request/deserve+doingsth.

表示被动语态

二定语从句：

句子成分：主谓是基础，宾表可有可无，定状补是辅助.

句子分类：简单句，并列句，复合句

简单句：

1.主语+不及物动词主谓：Hemoved.

2.主语+及物动词+宾语主谓宾：welikeTuLei./HemovedtoBJ.

主语+不及物动词+介词+宾语

3.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语主谓宾宾补：Iaskhimtoleave.

4.主语+双宾动词+间宾（人）+直宾（物）主谓间宾直宾：Hegivesmealetter.

5.主语+系动词+表语主系表：Sheisnice./Sheisastudent.

6.Therebe句型Thereare20peopleinthehall.

并列句：

由and,or,but,notonly••,butalso…，neither…nor…等连词连接两个并列句子

Wearenotonlyfriendsbutalsowearegoodsisters.

Wedonotlikeher,butshelikesus.

WewentshoppingandweboughtalotoftoyslastSunday.

复合句：

定语从句（形容词性从句）/名词性从句/状语从句（副词性从句）

定语：形容词做定语，修饰名词或代词。

Eg:greenleaf;redflower;handsomeboy;beautifulgirl;bigone;

定语从句：

一、概念：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.（在句子中作定语）

Eg:TheboywhoiswearingglassesisHarryPorter.

Eg:HarryPorterisaboywhohasmagicpower.

引导定语从句的关系代词6个：who/whom/that/whose/as/which

引导定语从句的关系副词3个：when/where/why

判断关键：关系代词+不完整句子关系代词在定语从句中做（主语/宾语/定语）

关系副词+完整句子

各个关系代词考点总结：

That:

1.熟悉什么情况下只能选择that

①序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时

TomisthecleverestboythatIhaveeverknown.

ItisthefirstplaythatIhaveseensinceIcamehere.

②先行词被every,some,no,all,any,little,much等修饰时。

rvereadallthebooksthatyoulendme.

③everything,something,nothing,all,anything,little,much等不定代词作先行词时

Everythingthatwesawinthisfilmwastrue.

④先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。

Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.

⑤主句已有who或which时

Whoisthegirlthatisstandingunderthetree?

WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday.

⑥当先行词同时指人和物时

rveneverheardofthepeopleandthingsthatyoutalkedaboutjustnow.

2.考点：

①在定于从句中，介词不能加that,考试时，看到这些on/of/about/for+that直接排除。

②that不引导非限制性定语从句，考试时，看到题干中有逗号时，直接排除that以及what

③在定语从句中差表语，可用that

Eg:heisnotthepersonthatusedtobe.

考点题：

1.Isthisfactoryyouvisitedlastyear?

A.Theoneb.Thatc.Whichd.where

2.Isthisthefactoryyouvisitedlastyear?

A.Theoneb.Thatc.Whod.where

Which的用法总结：

1.在非限制性定语从句中，看到题干有逗号，且定于从句是不完整的，选择which.

2.介词+which考点居多

inwhich=where

onwhich=when

forwhich=why

3.当定语从句中先行词为表时间/地点/原因的词时，且定于从句是不完整的，这时关系词选

择which/that皆可。但注意一定不能选择when/where/why

Eg：Haveyoueveraskedhimthereason______mayexplainhisabsencefromtheclass

AwhyBwhenCthatDwhat

4.当先行词表示人物身份，职位，头衔时，关系词选择which,不能选择who.

Eg:sheisaactor,whichisknowntous.

As考点总结：

1.固定搭配：thesame+n.+as+定语从句；such+n.+as+定语从句

2.一般位于句首的固定搭配：

Asisknowntoall,.

Asisseen/reported,.

Whose的考点总结：选项中出现whose时，一定要慎重考虑是否满足一下条件：

题干中空格前后都有名词，且把空格去掉，空格的前后名词有所属关系时，选择whose。

Eg:ilikethebookwhosecolorisyellow.

Way做先行词时，关系词可以用that/inwhich/"不用/”

Eg:idonotlikethewaythat/inwhich/"/"hespeakstome.

三.名词性从句:

名词从句连接词连接词是否作成分连接词是否省略对应的简单句类型

从属连词that不作成分且无实义宾从中可以省略陈述句

从属连词whether;if不作成分“是否”不能省（是否）一般疑问句

连接副词when作状语不能省特殊疑问句

/where/why/how

连接代词：who作主语/宾语/表语不能省特殊疑问句

whomwhatwhichwhowhomwhat

whose作定语：which+n.

“哪个”

whose+n.

Eg:

主语从句Whatyouneedismorepractice.

宾语从句Wemustfindoutwhodidallthis.

表语从句Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.

同位语从句ThevisitorexpressedhishopethathewouldvisitChinaagain.

学习要领：

1.连接词(重点)

2.从句中的语序(陈述句语序)

3.时态一致(宾从)

注意：

考点一：that在名词性从句中考点,that加完整句子，不做任何成分。

句型一：Itis/was+adj./n.+that+完整从句(shoulddo/bedone)表虚拟

句型二：Thereasonfor+n./n.短语+is/wasthat…

Thereasonwhy+完整句子+is/wasthat

Eg:Thereasonforhisabsencewasthathehasleftthecity.

句型三：以下红色字体必须记住

news/fact/hope/idea/doubt/evidence/information/message/word/problem/promise/wish/question/tr

uth+典+完整从句

Wewerealloverjoyedatthenewstheexperimentturnedoutasuccess.

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.what

注意考点：同位语从句说明的名词有时会和后面的同位语从句分隔：

Anideacametohershemightdotheexperimentinanotherway.

A.thatB.whatC.whenD.which

句型四：强调句型：

Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分.

注意：此句型不强调谓语；谓语动词由do/does/did+动词原形表强调。

历年来，考察强调的时间和地点居多，因此考生只需记住以下固定结构，也可选择正确答案。

即看到in/on/at/about任何一个就选择that：

Itis/was+in/on/at/about+n.+也电+完整句子.

ItwasinlibrarythatImetMarythismorning.

句型五：think/find/feel/consider/make/believe/regard/hate/take/owe/have/seeto+it+(adj./n.)

+that宾语从句

Eg:Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.

考点二：what的考法：

当what前无名词，后面句子不完整时，选择what;反之，是不能选择的，直接排除。

如：Whatsurprisesmeisthattheyhavefinishedalltheworkinoneday.

总结：当选项中有what时,且空格位于句首，大多数情况都选择what.

whether(1).Prep.+whether:

Eg:wecannotfindout(whether/if)heleaves.

考点三：whether用法总结：

1.看到题干中有ornot,选项有whether,就选whether.

2.选项中有whether和if时，若空格后有todo,直接选择whether.

Eg:whethertodo:

Icannotdecidewhether(whether/if)tostay.

考点四：若选项中出现it,记住以下句型。

注意：红色单词必须记住，考点频率高。

th如k/find/feel/consider/make/believe/regard/

hate/take/owe/have/seeto+it+(adj./n.)+todosth.

Eg:Ithinkitnecessarytotakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.

因此，给考生总结出怎么判断不同的从句：

定语从句：n./pron.+从句(完整句子或不完整句子)

同位语从句：特定的n.+典从句(完整句子)

主语从句：从句+is/was/does

宾语从句：v./prep./adj.+从句

表语从句：be/feel/looks+从句

状语从句：主句+conj.+完整从句

完整从句+conj.+主句

关于状语从句，考生们必须记住引导九种状语从句的连词各自含义。

四.主谓一致重点：

1.就近原则

notonly...butalso...;

not...but...;

neither...nor...;

either...or...;这个已考

or;

perhaps;

NotonlyhebutalsoIknowthematter.Know

Neithermybrothersnormyfather

likesfootball.

Oneortwosandwichesarenotenoughforme.

2.and

n.+and+n.+复数谓语

xiaoliandxiaohongaress.

(1)A=each/every/manya/no

如果A修饰and前后的两个单数名词或者A只修饰and前或后面的一个单数名词时，谓语

单数。

Eachminuteandeverysecondisvaluable/cherishforus.

Eachminuteandsecondisvaluable/cherishforus.

Minuteandeverysecondisvaluable/cherishforus.

B=a/an/the如果B修饰and前后两个单数名词时，谓语复数。

如果B只修饰and前面名词，不修饰后面的名词，谓语单数。

Themanagerandtheboardattendthemeeting.

Themanagerandboardattendsthemeeting.

And前后的主语表示单一概念或指同一个物体时，谓语单数

Breadandbutterismyfavor.

Earlytobedandearlytoriseisagoodhabit.

Whenandwhere+单数谓语

Peaceandwar+单数谓语

Forkandknife+单数谓语

3.manya/morethanone+单数名词+单数谓语”许多“

ManyaboylikesTULEL

Morethanoneof+可数名词复数+复数谓语quantitiesof+C./U.+复数谓语

4.从句中的谓语动词：

定语从句：从句中谓语取决于先行词

主句+oneof+复数名词（先行词）+关系词+定语从句（复数谓语）

主句+the/only/very/theonly/thevery+oneof+复数名词（先行词）+关系词+定语从句（单数

谓语）

Eg:sheisoneoftheteacherswhospeakFrenchwell.

sheistheonlyoneoftheteacherswhospeaksFrenchwell.

注意：oneof+复数名词做主语+单数谓语

Oneoftheguardswassleeping.

5.分数或百分数加名词作主语，谓语取决于分数或百分数后的名词

分数表达法：one/two-second/third/fourth/fifth

One-second;two-fifths

20percentof+复数名词

Two-fifthsofthestudentsleave.

Three-fourthsoftheearth5ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.

40percentofthestudentscomehere.

五.反义疑问句

1.含有must用法

Must作情态动词must+do必须

Must,mustn't/needn't+主语？

Mustn't,must+主语？

Eg:youmustfinishthetaskbefore5p.m.,mustn''tyou/you?

Wemustn'tbelate,mustwe?

Must表示推测时：

Must+do对现在情况推测“一定是"，反义部分用Must后面的动词

Eg:hemustbeateacher,isn'the?

HemustarriveatGZ,doesn^the?

Must对过去肯定的推测，musthavedone“一定做过某事"

如果句中有明确的过去时间，（yesterday/lastweek/month/year/night）,反义部分用didn^t+

主语？

Eg:itmusthaverainedlastnight,didn,?tit?

如果句中没有明确的过去时间词，反义部分用haverTt/hasiTt+主语?

itmusthaverained,hasn'tit?

2.复合句

A.I/we+think/believe/suppose/imagine/guess/expect+that从句，看从句不看主句？

Ithinkheisagoodman,isn^the?

Idon“tthinkheisagoodman,ishe?

B.you/he/she/+think/believe/suppose/imagine/guess/expect+that宾语从句,反义部分看主句不看

从句？

Mymotherthinksthatheisagoodman,doesn,?tshe?

Mymotherdoesn'tthinkthatheisagoodman,doesshe?

4.陈述句中主语是不定代词：

指人：

everyone=everybody;someone/nobody/noone

these/those反义部分主语they.

Everyoneisuniqueintheworld,aren'tthey?

主语：something/everything/nothingtodo/doing/从句/this/that,反义主语用it.

Thisisnotmyfault,isit?

Learningisgoodhabit,isn'tit?

5.虚拟语气

(1).If的虚拟倒装是重点：

当选项中有had/were/should时，记住以下结构：should位于句首情况已考，不会再考。

Should+主语+do/be,主句(would/should/could/might+do).

Were+主语+todo,主句((would/should/could/might+do).

Had+主语+done,主句((would/should/could/might+do).

(2)(should)do/(should)bedone表虚拟的考点：

考生看到以下蓝色单词直接在选项中去找答案是动词原形或者be+done结构的选项。

suggest(tion)/propose/proposal/advise/advice/order/command/

important/imperative/necessary/essential/urgent/strange/naturalincase/fbrfearthat/lest/apity/no

wander/ashame/+(should)do/(should)bedone

Suggest和essential已考，不会再考，但要注意其他单词。

(3)wish/wouldrather/wouldsooner/asif/ifonly+did(对现在虚拟)

wish/wouldrather/wouldsooner/asif/ifonly+haddone(对过去虚拟)

wish/wouldrather/wouldsooner/asif7ifonly+would/could/mightdo(对将来)

Wish+coulddo已考。不会再考，但要注意其他时态。只要出现

wish/wouldrather/wouldsooner/asif/ifonly，选项中有did/haddone/woulddo任何一个出

现，就选择。

(4)oOtherwise/butfor/without+woulddo/wouldhavedone

Otherwise+wouldhavedone已考，只要出现otherwise,答案就是wouldhavedone.今后可能

会在用所给词的适当形式填空里面。

另外，在大多数情况下，选择题中，出现了butfor/withour,也是选择wouldhavedone的选

项。

六.非谓语动词

Todo表示将要去做(主动语态)

Tobedone表示将要被(被动语态)

Doing正在做某事(主动语态)

Beingdone正在被(现在分词的被动)

Done做完某事(被动语态)

Havingdone做完某事(主动语态)

Havingbeendone做完某事(被动语态)

1.分词作状语题：注意整句只有一个主语

Eg:

John,_____thebet,hadtopayforthedinner.

A.Lostb.Havinglostc.Losingd.Havingloss

解析：d选项loss是名词"惊慌"，故排除。A选择lost可以当作是过去时，但句中无连词，

又