2024上海浦东区高三二模英语试题及答案

高中高中上海浦东新区2023学年度第二学期期中教学质量检测高三英语试卷（本试卷满分140分，考试时间120分钟）第一卷I.ListeningComprehension（25分）SectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1. A.15dollars. B.30dollars. C.35dollars. D.50dollars.2. A.Supervisorandstudent. B.Landlordandrenter.C.Doctorandpatient. D.Roommates.3. A.Athome. B.Onapavement. C.Atapolicestation. D.Inanalley.4. A.Childrenshouldusesocialmediamoderately.B.Childrenhaveunlimitedaccesstosocialmedia.C.Parentsneedtohelpchildrenfindtheirrolemodels.D.Parentsshouldexposetheirchildrentosocialmedia.5. A.On15August. B.On16August. C.On17August. D.On19August.6. A.Hedidn’tgetanysleepontheplane.B.Theflywithhisbabywasnoteasy.C.Heappreciatedthecompanyofhisbaby. D.Heenjoyedwatchingmoviesontheplane.7. A.Tofollowthefashiontrend. B.Tokeepsafeontheroad.C.Tomakehimselfappealing. D.Tokeepwarmwhencycling.8. A.Marywillletoutthesecret. B.Maryhurtsherownlips.C.Marydoesn’tknowthemessage. D.Maryistotallytrustworthy.9. A.Startingaschoolnewspaper. B.Settingupbusinesses.C.Lookingforaroommate. D.Earningaccommodationfee.10. A.Thewomanshouldprioritizeherstudy.B.HeisnotafanoftheUniversalStudios.C.Thewomanisbadatrememberingthings.D.Thewomanshouldenjoythecomingholiday.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11. A.Italianslearntoaccepttheirpeculiarity.B.ImperfectmodelsinItalyredefinebeauty.C.ItalianmodelsappearinfashionshowsinMilan.D.Imperfectmodelsaccepttheirworkingconditions.12. A.Shesufferedfromseverehairloss.B.Shewasinjuredandeventuallygotdisabilities.C.Shehasamedicalconditionthatresultsinabnormalbodysize.D.Shehasahealthconditionwhichcausesdarkspotsonthebody.13. A.SheestablishesthefirstmodellingagencyinItaly.B.Sherealizesandappreciatingthethingsaroundher.C.Shetransformsthewaysheperceivesherweakness.D.Shegetsinvolvedanartmovementorrevolution.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14. A.Solidstatebatterieswillfirstappearinelectricvehicles.B.Costmaydiscouragepeoplefromswitchingtoelectricpower.C.Thereareplentyofchargingpointstopluganelectricvehicleinto.D.Afullychargedbatterywilltakeyouasfarasafulltankofpetrol.15. A.Electricmotoringismuchmorefavored.B.Electricmotoringmeansazero-carbonfuture.C.Electricmotoringisnotcompletelyemission-free.D.Electricmotoringmakespublictransportlessdesirable.16. A.Thefutureofelectricvehicles.B.Thedevelopmentofelectricvehicles.C.Theproblemfacedbyelectricvehicles.D.Theprosandconsofelectricvehicles.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17. A.FamilyBudget. B.CityBeats.C.WeeklyEducation. D.FashionBroadway.18. A.Thechannelshouldhiresmarthosts.B.ThechannelshouldcancelLifeBeats.C.Thechannelshouldemploypositiveproducers.D.Thechannelshouldbetterdesignallitsprograms.19. A.OnTuesday. B.OnWednesday. C.OnThursday. D.OnFriday.20. A.ATVinterviewbytwopeople.B.AprogramsurveyconductedbyaTVchannel.C.Acustomer’scomplaintaboutTVprograms.D.Adiscussionaboutprogramtargetaudience.II.GrammarandVocabulary（20分）SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.WhyWeShouldRecordTravelMomentsOnarainysummerday,ItookatraintoSwitzerlandandtrekkedthroughthemudtoamedievalfortresshighatopacliff.Aftertwistingthroughitsdimlylitcorridors,Ifinally____21____(arrive)atthemainviewpointofCaveoftheFairies:aplunging77mwaterfallthatshootsfromundergroundintoasparklingpool.Asthewaterfallwetmyjacket,Iclosedmyeyesandtookoutmyphone____22____(record)therushofdreamyrealitybeforeme.Ihadcomeinsearchofasound,notasight.Throughoutmytravels,I’vefoundmyself____23____(collect)soundrecordingsthewayotherpeoplecollectsouvenirs.Justassometravellerstakephotosoflandscapesortheirfood,Istarteddoingthisasanartisticwaytohelpmeremembersomeofthemostinterestingdetailsofmytrips.EnvironmentalscientistLaurenKuehnesaid,“Ithinkthatonceyoustarttolisten,onceyouactuallystarttolisten,youstarttoappreciatehowmuch____24____(big)theworldis.”Thisattitude____25____(echo)bySamaraKester,aretiredemergencymedicinephysicianwhonowservesonQPI’sboard.“Aphotographistwodimensions.____26____youarelookingatsomethingyou’reseeing,it’smaybe180degrees,maybe270degrees.Soundis360degrees.Youhearitallaroundyou.”Kesterexplained____27____teachingherselftobeabetterlistenerhasnotonlyexpandedhersenseoftravel,buthelpedherrelivehertravelsonceshe’sbackhome.“Youimmerse____28____inthatplaceagain.Yourecreatethosememoriesandthereforerecreatethefeelingsyouhad,____29____areveryhardtoexpressclearly.Youcanre-experiencethatandthatwillsendyoutowhereyouwerebefore.”MonthslaterbackinmyL.A.home,IfindmyselfpoppingonmyheadphonesandlisteningbacktotherushoffallingwaterinsideCaveoftheFairies.WhenIclosemyeyes,I____30____feelthesprayofwateragainstmyskin,thesenseoflettingmyearsleadmeonafarawayadventure.Mentally,I’mrightbackthere—ifonlyforamoment.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.backfire B.compensate C.extend D.impressive E.meaningfulF.measure G.needle H.overall I.perceive J.punishment K.typicallyWhyYouShouldn’tExercisetoLoseWeightManyofusarelacingupoursneakersandstarting(orrestarting)exerciseregimens(练身计划)inhopesofsheddingunwantedpounds.Unquestionably,aimingtobemoreactiveisgood.Butifthemainreasonistoloseweight,yourNewYear’sresolutioncouldverywell__31__.Forstarters,exercise—atleastthekindmostofusdo—is__32__ineffectiveforweightloss.Takewalking,forexample.A150-poundpersonwhowalksbrisklyfor30minuteswillburn,onaverage,around140calories.That’sequaltoonecanofsoda—notexactlyagreatreturnonyourinvestmentoftimeandeffort.It’smucheasierjusttoskipthesoda.Studies__33__showthatdoingmoderate-intensityaerobicexercisesuchaswalkingfor30minutesaday,fivedaysaweek—theamountrecommendedforgoodhealth—typicallyproduceslittleornoweightlossbyitself.Whenmoderateexerciseisaddedtodiet,theresultsareequallynot__34__.Poolingdatafromsixtrials,researchersfoundthatacombinationofdietandexercisegeneratednogreaterweightlossthandietaloneaftersixmonths.Instudieswhereexercisehasproduced__35__weightloss,participantsburnedatleast400to500caloriespersessiononfiveormoredaysaweek.Toachievethat,sessionsneedtogowellbeyondwhatmostofusarewillingorabletodo.Andevenifwemanagetoexertthatmucheffort,ourbodiesoften__36__byboostingappetiteanddialingdownmetabolism,effectsthatovertimelimithowmanypoundsweshed.Perhapsthebiggestproblemwithexercisingtodroppoundsisthatitturnsphysicalactivityinto__37__.Howmanytimeshaveyouheardsomeonesay(orsaidyourself)“I’llneedtodoextraexercise”aftereatingtoomuchduringtheholidaysoratacelebratorydinner?Thepointisthatwe’remorelikelyto__38__exercisepositivelyandactuallydoitwhenwefocusonourwell-beingratherthanourweight.Theincentivemaybeanimprovedmoodorlessstress.Othersmayfindthatexercisemakesthemfeelphysicallyandmentallystronger.Ofcourse,thebenefitsofphysicalactivity__39__wellbeyondthese.It’sbeenshowntoreducetheriskofmultiplediseases.Itcanalsoimprovesleepandboostenergy.Byallmeans,strivingtoexerciseregularlyinthenewyearisperhapsthemostimportantthingyoucandoforyourhealth.Buttoimprovetheoddsofsuccess,focusonhowmovementhelpsyoufeelbetterphysicallyandemotionally—andforgetabouthowitmovesthe__40__onthescale.III.ReadingComprehension（45分）SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Anyonewhohaseverwitnessedthemiracleinwhichinfantsprogressfrommewlingto“Mama”to“Mine!”knowshowcriticalitisforyoungsterstohearnormallybeforetheyspeaktheirfirstwords.__41__,manychildrenwhodon’ttalkbyagetwoturnouttobedeaf.Thesoonertheirdisabilityisdiscoveredand__42__,thelesslikelytheyaretofallbehindinthedevelopmentofimportantlanguageandsocialskills.Thatiswhyagrowingnumberofhearingspecialists(audiologists)andparentsarecampaigningfor__43__screeningofnewbornsforhearingloss.Their__44__hasregisteredinsomepowerfulears.Todate,22stateshavepassedlegislationrequiringatleastpartialscreeningprograms.Partofthepushstemsfrom__45__intechnologythat,amongotherthings,allowchildrenasyoungastwomonthstobe__46__hearingaids.Buttherearelimitstothetechnology.Onethingparentsshouldrealizebeforetheystartisthatthescreeningtestsarefarfrom__47__.Abadresultdoesn’tnecessarilyindicateaproblem.Audiologistsestimatethat3outofevery1,000babiesarebornwithsomekindofhearingloss.Ofthosethreeinfants,oneisprofoundlydeaf.Abouthalfthetime,doctorscanidentifyapossiblecause,suchasabirthweightlessthan5pounds,orafamilyhistoryof__48__.Therestofthetimethereissimplyno__49__astowhyanewborn’shearingmayhavebeenaffected.Thescreeningtestsworkbyintroducingasoundintoababy’searandthenmeasuringeitherthe__50__oftheear’sinternalmechanismsortheelectricalactivityoftheauditoryportionofthebrain(theauditorybrain-stemresponsetest).Justbecauseababyfailseithertest,__51__,doesnotmeanthatthereisahearingproblem.Atemporarybuildupoffluidintheearcanalorexcessivenoiseinthenurserycan__52__theresults.Forthisreason,expertssay,hospitalsshould__53__thescreeningtestsforanybabywhodoesn’tpassthefirsttimebeforetellingtheparentstoconsultanaudiologistformorethoroughtesting.Itisatthisstagethatthingsgetabit__54__.Though20ofevery1,000babiesfailthetwo-stepscreen,mostproveonfurtherexaminationtobejustfine.Isitworth__55__17familiesofperfectlynormalchildren-nottomentionaskingthemtospendseveralhundreddollarsonadvancedtests-toidentifythreeinfantswithhearingloss?41. A.Indeed B.Meanwhile C.Occasionally D.Surprisingly42. A.reported B.accepted C.treated D.tested43. A.legal B.random C.further D.compulsory44. A.charge B.complaint C.appeal D.pursuit45. A.procedures B.advances C.practices D.insights46. A.fittedwith B.providedwith C.entitledto D.attachedto47. A.reasonable B.imaginable C.reliable D.predictable48. A.disorder B.blindness C.obesity D.deafness49. A.solution B.clue C.reflection D.doubt50. A.response B.volume C.capacity D.activity51. A.however B.therefore C.forexample D.afterall52. A.prove B.produce C.match D.affect53. A.stop B.review C.repeat D.improve54. A.shocking B.distracting C.unpredictable D.complicated55. A.worrying B.classifying C.engaging D.promptingSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)“Callingall.Thisisourlastcrybeforeoureternalsilence.”Withthat,inJanuary1997,theFrenchcoastguardtransmitteditsfinalmessageinMorsecode.WreckedshipshadradioedoutSOSsignalsfromtheeraoftheTitanic.Innear-instanttime,thebeepscouldbedecodedbyMorse-codestationsthousandsofmilesaway.Firstusedtosendmessagesoverlandin1844,Morsecodeoutlivedthetelegraphage.Butbythelate20thcentury,satelliteradiowasturningitintoadyinglanguage.InFebruary1999,itofficiallyceasedbeingthestandardformaritimecommunication.NestledwithinthePointReyesNationalSeashore,northofSanFrancisco,KPHMaritimeRadioisthelastoperationalMorse-coderadiostationinNorthAmerica.Thestation—whichconsistsoftwobuildingssome25milesapart—oncewatchedoverthewatersofthePacificandIndianOceans.Itshutdownin1997,butafewyearslater,acoupleofradioenthusiastsbroughtitbacktolife.Thegrouphasgottenslightlylargerovertheyears,whocallthemselvesthe“radiosquirrels”.EverySaturday,theybeepoutmaritimenewsandweatherreports.MuchoftheircommunicationiswiththeSSJeremiahO’Brien,aWorldWarII–erashippermanentlyparkedataSanFranciscopier.LastJuly,thephotographerAnnHermesvisitedthese“radiosquirrels”andsteppedintotheirtimemachine.Tosendamessage,theytappedeachMorse-codeletterintoagadget,generatingaloudnoisethatrepeatedthroughoutthewholebuilding.“It’salmostlikejazz,”Hermestoldme—amusicofrhythmandtimingthatcansoundslightlydifferentdependingonwhoisdoingthetapping.SomeofthemachinesdatebacktoWorldWarII.The“radiosquirrels”dotheirownrepairs,andsearcheBayforreplacementpartsonthenewerunits.Thoughmanyofthe“radiosquirrels”areretiredornearingretirement,Morsecodeisnotquiteextinct:TheU.S.Navystillteachesittoafewsailors.Besides,in2017,aBritishmanwhohadbrokenhislegonabeachusedittosignalforhelpinthedarkwithaflashlight.56. WhatwasMorsecodeusedforintheeraoftheTitanic? A.Warningthecomingoftotalsilence. B.Sendingasignalforhelporrescue. C.Savinganendangeredlanguage. D.Settingastandardforcommunication.57. Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“radiosquirrels”referto? A.TheformerstaffofKPHMaritimeRadioStation. B.ThecrewofshipwreckageinSanFrancisco. C.Thoseparticularlypassionateaboutradiostuff. D.Thoseexpertatplayinginstrumentsandjazz.58. TheMorsecodemachinescanstillbeingoodconditionthanksto__________. A.thefrequentusebythe“squirrels”tobeepoutnews B.theconstantcommunicationwithexperiencedoperators C.therepairandrestoreeffortsmadebythe“squirrels” D.theprotectionandmaintenancemadebytheU.S.Navy59. Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage? A.Keepthe“Jazz”Going B.TheLastCallfromSea C.VolunteersofPointReyes D.AFarewelltoRadio(B)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------BILLIARDTABLESboughtandsold.MrVillis.(02805)66(Bucks).GIFTCHAMPAGNE.Wepostabottlewithyourmessage.From￡14.50incl.Ordersordetails064245733CHRISTINE’Sbeautytreatmentandbodytherapy.4026499,04734004SMOKEDSALMON8ozsliced￡5.75,1lbsliced￡11,2lb4ozside￡16.90,2lb8ozside￡19.50,400gmsoffcuts￡5.PricesincludeUK1stclasspostage.Chequeswithorder.CornishSmokedFishCo.Ltd,Charlestown,St.Austell,Cornwell.-------------------------------------400-YEAR-OLDthatchedcottagebetweenWinchester/Basingstoke:3dblebeds,secgdn&extras.￡110,000.(0962)88109CHATEAULATOUR,1964.24bottles,￡75each.Phone(0227)9848evenings.GOINGINTOBUSINESS?Send￡7.45incp&pfor‘TheBeginnersGuidetoSuccessinBusiness.’ComquipLtd,189Highview,Meopham,Gravesend,Kent.(0732)22315.SILVERCROSSdetachablecoachPram(navy),shoppingtray,excellentcleancondition,￡30;CarryCot,￡5;BabyBath,￡2.50;Atarisystem,joystickandpaddlesticks,ingoodworkingorder,needsanewmainsadapter,￡40;5AtariCassettes,￡10each,verygoodcondition,idealXmaspresents.–Apply34KynastonRoad,Didcot,Oxon.evenings.215702HAVANACIGARSAndotherfinecigarsatwholesaleprices.SendforlisttoJamesJordanLtd,Shelly,Huddars-field.Tel,:048460227C-SCOPEMETALDETECTORS.Theidealfamilygifttotreasurefrom￡39.99to￡449.50.Tel.Ashford(0233)2918todayforfreecolourbrochure.BEAUTIFULfarmestate,total700acres.Diplomats4bed1832house,￡220,000ono.0639730825BEDROOMEDHOUSEinquietmid-Walesvillage.1acreofland,fishingandshootingavailable.￡42,000.Tel:059787687(after6p.m.).THETIMES(1814-1985).ThisXmasgivesomeoneanoriginalissuedatedtheverydaytheywereborn,￡12,50or2for￡21.Tel01-4866305or04923314PARTYMANIA,everythingforyourpartyinone“fun-tastic”store.-179KingstonRoad,Oxford51339,ownparking.37685OXFORD:livelydivorcee,midforties,boredwithsolitudeandthecat,seeksmale,preferablytall,tosharelocalpleasuresandpastimes,music,theartsetc.Box(50)2050.---------------------------------------------------LADIESNARROWSHOWS.AAandnarrower,sizes2-11.AlsowideEE.SAEMurielHitchcockShoes,3bCastleMews,ArundelBN189DG.HAVEaveryhappybirthdayPaul!高中60. Howmuchwillitcostyoutogetsomebodyapoundofsmokedsalmonandabottleofchampagne(withamessage)? A.₤20.25 B.₤25.50 C.₤14.50 D.Almost₤18.0061. Whatisthestuffyoucanbuythatwasproducedonthedayyouwereborn? A.Birthdaycards B.Christmasgifts C.Cigars D.Newspapers62. Someoneisofferingababybathforsaleandwherecanyougetit? A.PARTYMANIA B.LADIESNARROWSHOWS C.SILVERCROSS D.GOINGINTOBUSINESS?(C)ThosewhohadthepleasureofwatchingBennyGoodmanatworksawaratherordinary-lookingmaninrimlessglassesandaconservativebusinesssuit;buttheyalsosawahumanbeingwhocouldplaytheclarinet(单簧管)likenoonebeforeorsince.ThismadeBennyGoodmanauniqueindividual.OtherAmericanswhohavestoodoutfromtheflockincludeJoeDiMaggio,BeverlySill,ErnestHemingwayandJonasSalk.They,likeBennyGoodman,wererecognizedandhonoredfornootherreasonthanexcellence.Itisdoingsomethingbetterthanotherpeoplethatmakesusunique.Yetasurprisingnumberofpeoplestillseeindividualityasasurfacething.Theyweargarishclothes,dyetheirhairstrangecolorsanddecoratetheirskinwithtattoostomakesomekindofsocialstatement.Butanordinaryguywhohasdyedhishairpurpleororangeisnothingmorethanthesamepersonwithafunny-lookinghead.Thewholepurposeofindividualityisexcellence.Thosewhoinvent,whoimprovise(即兴发挥),whoknowmoreaboutasubjectthanotherpeopledo,andwhotakesomethingthatdoesn’tworkandmakeitwork––thesepeoplearetheverysoulofcapitalism.CharlesKetteringdidn’tliketheideaofcrankingacartomakeitstart,soheinventedtheelectricstarter.HenryFordfiguredouttheassembly-linetechniqueandmadeitpossibletomass-produceautomobiles,andElishaOtis,inventoroftheelevator,indirectlycreatedthecitysky-line.Thesepeopleunderstoodthatindividualismmeansworkingatthetopofone’scapacity.Theoneswiththepurplehairandthefunkyjewelryarejustalongfortheride,tryingtobe“different”andnotknowinghowtogoaboutit.ThestudentwhoearnsstraightA’sonhisreportcardhasgraspedtheideaandhasfoundtherealmeaningofindividuality.Sohastheyoungsterwhohasdesignedhisownspaceship,whogivespianorecitals,whopaintspicturesoftheworldaroundhim.BennyGoodmanunderstoodittoo.Thisiswhyhewasathisbest,blowinghisclarinet,inabluesuitandblackshoes.63. TheauthormentionstheappearanceofBennyGoodmanto_______________. A.showwhatatalentedmusicianshouldlooklike B.introduceanimportantfigureinthemusicalworld C.contrastwithhistalentinmusicperformance D.indicatethathecan’tstandoutfromtheflock64. Theauthorwouldmostprobablyagreethat______________. A.anindividualisttendstoseekdifferencebothincharacterandappearance B.theessenceofindividualismliesinpursuingexcellencetothefull C.beingdifferentinappearanceistheveryfirststeptobeingindividual D.thosewhostrivetowintherecognitionofothersarerealindividualists65. Accordingtothepassage,whichindividual'sactionsmaynottrulyembodytheessenceofindividualism?A.Ascientistwhoconductsresearchsolelyadvancingknowledgeforthegreatergoodratherthanforpersonalrecognition.Asocialmediainfluencerwhoconformstopopularopinionstomaintainalargefollowing.C.Anartistwhocreatesuniqueworksbutfailtogainfameandrecognitionfromothers.D.Anentrepreneurwhoprioritizesethicalconsiderationsoverprofitinhisbusinesspractices.66. Forthemainthread,thearticleisorganizedbywayof_______________. A.specifictogeneral B.causeandeffect C.examplesandconclusion D.comparisonandcontrastSectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassages.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A. Nevertheless,confidenceplaysasignificantroleindeterminingtheeffectivenessoffear-basedmotivationstrategies.B. However,ifstudentsarenot

confident,thenfear-basedapproachescouldtriggerfeelingsofanxiety.C. Leaders,managers,andteachershaveoftenusedoneoftheseideastoinspirepeopletoworkharderandachievemore.D. Takentogether,thesestudiesshowthatfear-basedmotivationiscomplicated.E. Theymaybeinspiredtolearnnewthingsthatwillhelptheirbusinessorfindmentorswhocansupportthem.F. Butdoesthismotivateordiscouragebusinesspeople?Again,it’snotstraightforward.Whatmotivatesyoutoworkorstudyharder?Isitthethoughtofsuccessandalltheamazingthingsthatyoucanachieve,orisitthefearoffailureandworryaboutallthethingsthatcangowrongforyou?_____67_____Butisonebetterthantheother?Arecentstudylookedattheeffectoffear-basedstrategiesonBritishsecondaryschoolstudents.Asissooftenthecase,it’scomplicated.Theyfoundthatifatestisseenasimportant,andstudentsareoptimisticthattheycansucceed,thenthefearoffailurecanbeusedsuccessfullybyteacherstomotivatetheselearners._____68_____Itcaninturnleadthemtodoworseonthetestthantheywouldhavedoneotherwise.Thestudyalsofoundthatifstudentsaredisengagedanddon’tcareaboutthetestinthefirstplace,then,unsurprisingly,thefearoffailureisnotlikelytomotivatethem.Entrepreneursoftenruntheriskoffailure.It’safactthatmostnewcompanieswillfail._____69_____Thepersonalconsequencesoffailurecanbesignificant,andsofoundersmaybemotivatedtoworkhardertoavoidthem.AstudycarriedoutonBritishandCanadianentrepreneursfoundthatfearoffailurecanimproveproblemsolving,aspeoplearemotivatedtoanticipateandresolvepotentialissues.However,thestudyalsoshowedthatitcanleadtoincreasedprocrastinationaspeoplefocustoomuchonwhattheypersonallyfear,ratherthanwhatwouldbebestforthebusiness.Ifsomeoneislessconfidentabouttheirbusinessidea,thentheymayfindtheirdecision-makingnegativelyaffectedbytheirfears._____70_____Itcandriveconfidentpeopletodobetter,butitcanalsoincreaseourdoubtsandturnthemintobarriers.IV.SummaryWriting（10分）71.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.PayingAllowancesforCompletingChoresThepracticeofpayingchildrenanallowancebecamepopularinAmericaabout100yearsago.Nowadays,Americankidsonaveragereceiveabout$800peryearinallowance.ButthevastmajorityofAmericanparentswhopayallowancetieittothecompletionofhousework.Althoughmanyparentsbelievethatpayinganallowanceforcompletingchoresbenefitstheirchildren,arangeofexpertsexpressedconcernthattyingallowanceverycloselytochoresmaynotbeideal.Infact,thewaychoresworkinmanyhouseholdsworldwidepointstoanotherway.SuniyaLuthar,apsychologist,isagainstpayingkidsforchores.Lutharisnotopposedtogivingallowances,butshethinksit’simportanttoestablishthatchoresaredonenotbecausetheywillleadtopayment,butbecausetheykeepthehouseholdrunning.Luthar’ssuggestedapproachtoallowanceiscompatiblewiththatofwriterRonLieber,whoadvisesthatallowancesbeusedasameansofshowingchildrenhowtosave,give,andspendonthingstheycareabout.“Kidsshoulddochores,”hewrites,“forthesamereasonadultsdo,becausethechoresneedtobedone,andnotwiththeexpectationofcompensation.”Thisargumenthasitscritics,butconsideringthewaychoresareundertakenaroundtheworldmaychangepeople’sthinking.ProfessorDavidLancyofUtahStateUniversityhasstudiedhowfamiliesaroundtheworldhandlechores.Atabout18monthsofage,Lancysays,mostchildrenbecomeeagertohelptheirparents,andinmanycultures,theybeginhelpingwithhouseworkatthatage.Theybeginwithverysimpletasks,buttheirresponsibilitiesgraduallyincrease.Andtheydothesetaskswithoutpayment.LancycontraststhiswithwhathappensinAmerica.“Wedeny