高考英语常考中国文化读写专练：寒食节+泼水节

Lesson3ColdFoodDay寒食节 HaishiDay(orColdFoodDay)istheverydayjustbeforetheQingmingFestival(alsonamedTombSweepingFestival,orClearandBrightFestival).Onthedayeveryyear,nofireorsmokeisallowedandpeopleshalleatcoldfoodforthewholeday. Accordingtothelegend,thedayisinmemoryofJieZhituiwholivedintheSpringandAutumnPeriod(770-476BC).重耳(献公子)晋文公 JiewasagoodofficialintheJinState,workingforCrownPrinceChong'er.WhenJinStatewasindisorder,Chong'erwasforcedtoleaveforotherstateswithhisfollowersandsupporters,includingJie.Onthewayofexiletheywentthroughallkindsofhardshipsanddifficulties.TosavethestarvingChong'er,JieevencutthefleshoffhisownlegandboiledforChong'er.Afterbecomingtheking,Chong'erbegantoforgetJiesoon.Jiewassosadthathepreparedtoleaveandliveinseclusionwithhismotherinmountains.重耳(献公子)晋文公介子推 Chong'erfeltsoblamworthythatheinpersonwenttothemountainstolookforJie.Foritwasimpossibletofindhimintheendlesstreesandhills,Chong'erorderedtosetthemountainonfire,soastoforceJieout.ButJiedidn'tshowup;heandhismotherwerefoundtobedeadinarmsafterthefirewasputout,togetherwithanotewrittenbyhiminblood:Icutoffmyownfleshtodevotetoyou,onlytowishmykingwillalwaysbeclearandbright."介子推 InordertokeepinmemoryofJieZitui,Chong'erorderedtomakethedayHaishiDay,alsonamedColdFoodDay.AndontheColdFoodDayeveryyear,nofireorsmokewasallowedandpeopleshouldeatcoldfoodforthewholeday. ItwasnotuntiltheQingDynasty(1644-1911)about300yearsagothatthepracticeofHanshi(oreatingcoldfood)wasreplacedbythatofQingming,whichhadnowbecomeanimportantoccasionforpeopletooffersacrificestotheirancestors.(348words)◆Helper:exile

['eksaɪl]\o"真人发音"流放seclusion

[sɪˈklu:ʒn]\o"真人发音"隐居sacrifice['sækrɪfaɪs]\o"真人发音"献祭，供奉\o"真人发音"◆ChineseBriefIntroduction: 寒食节亦称“禁烟节”、“冷节”、“百五节”，在夏历冬至后一百零五日，清明节前一二日。是日初为节时，禁烟火，只吃冷食。并在后世的发展中逐渐增加了祭扫、踏青、秋千、蹴鞠、牵勾、斗卵等风俗。寒食节相传是源于春秋时代的晋国，是为了纪念晋国公子的臣子介子推。晋国公子重耳，流亡外国19年，介子推护驾跟随，立下大功，重耳返国继位，即晋文公，唯忘介子推，想请介子推上朝领赏，介子推坚辞不来，晋文公便亲自去请。介子推就背着老母，躲入绵山。晋文公前往寻找，却怎么也找不到。于是他放火烧山，想把介子推逼出来。不料介子推却和母亲抱着一株大树，宁愿烧死，也不出山。晋文公伤心地下令把绵山改称介山（即山西介休市境内的介山），又下令把介子推被烧死的那一天定为寒食节，以后年年岁岁，每逢寒食节都要禁止生火，吃冷饭，以示追怀之意。◆Exercise:I.Questions:1.WhendoesHaishiDayhappen?2.WhatkindoffoodarepeopletoeatonHaishiDay?3.WhatdoyouthinkofJieZitui?II.TasksofReadingandWriting:阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇不少于150词左右的英语短文。Halloweenisverypopularinwesterncountries.OnOctober31st,dozensofchildrendressedincostumes（节日服装）knockontheirneighbors'doorsandyell"TrickorTreat"whenthedooropens.Piratesandprincesses,ghostsandpopularheroesofthedayallholdbagsopentocatchthecandyorothergoodiesthattheneighborsdropin.Astheygiveeachchildatreattheneighborsexclaimoverthecostumesandtrytoguesswhoisunderthemasks.Todayschooldancesandneighborhoodpartiescalled"blockparties"arepopularamongtheyoungandtheold.MoreandmoreadultscelebrateHalloween.Theydressuplikehistoricalorpoliticalfiguresandgotomasqueradeparties（化妆舞会).Inlargercities,costumedchildrenandtheirparentsgatheratshoppingmallsearlyintheevening.Storesandbusinessesgivepartieswithgamesandtreatsforthechildren.Teenagersenjoycostumedancesattheirschoolsandthemoreoutrageousthecostumethebetter!Certainpranks（恶作剧）suchassoapingcarwindowsandtippingovergarbagecansareexpected.ButpartyingandpranksarenottheonlythingsthatHalloweenersenjoydoing.Somecollectmoneytobuyfoodandmedicineforneedychildrenaroundtheworld.[写作内容]1.以约30个词概括短文的要点；2.以不少于120词就“中西节日的不同”为主题写篇短文，并包含以下内容要点：(1)你还知道哪些西方节日？你印象中的西方节日有哪些特点？(2)请具体讲述一个你熟悉的中国传统节日；(3)你更喜欢中国传统节日，还是西方节日？为什么？[写作要求] 你可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子。Lesson4Water-SplashingFestivaloftheDaiPeople傣族泼水节Water-SplashingFestivalisthemostceremonioustraditionalfestivaloftheDaiminority.Itusuallytakesplaceinmid-Aprilofthesolarcalendar,oftentendaysbeforeoraftertheTomb-sweepingDay,andlaststhreetosevendays.Water-SplashingFestivalistheNewYearintheDaicalendar,andalsoafestivalwiththelargestinfluenceandmaximumparticipatingpopulationamonglotsofminorityfestivalsinYunnanProvince.Inthisfestival,theDaiPeoplewithoutreferencetoageandsexwillgetdressedupandshouldercleanwatertotheBuddhistTemple.TheywillfirstbathetheBuddhaandthenbegintosplashwaterwithoneanotherforwishingluck,happinessandhealth.Themorewateronepersonissprinkled,themoreluckhe/shereceives,andthehappierhe/shewillbe.DaiPeoplewillalsoinvitepeoplefromotherethnicminoritiesandtouristscomingfromafartosplashwatertocelebratethefestival.Thesceneofwatersplashingandsprayingisreallydelighting,andwhengettingexcited,peoplewillburstoutthehurrahlike"shui(water),shuiandshui".Besideswatersplashing,therearealotofotherconventionsintheWater-splashingFestival.Childrenwillcutdownbamboostomakesquirtgunandplaywatergame.Peoplewithoutreferencetoageandsexarealldressedupandclimbupthemountainingroupstopickupwildflowerstomakeflowerhouse.Youngpeoplewhoarenotmarriedthrowspecially-madebagstopaycourttoeachother.AndpeopleletoffGaoshengfireworksandKongmingLamptomemorializethewisdomofZhugeLiangintheancientThreeKingdomsPeriod.Additionally,therearesomeotherconventionssuchasDragonBoatRace,ReleaseofPaper-madeRiverBoat,PeacockDancingandCockfighting.Inthefestival,peoplewilldecoratetheirownresidenceceremoniouslysothatthedoorframeandwindowofeveryhouseholdarepastedwithvariouspapercutting.Decoratedarchways,whosetopstandsagoldenpeacockthatsymbolizeshappinessandgoodluck,arealsoputupatthemainstreetsinthetown.

Water-SplashingFestivalwasonceareligiousceremonyinIndianBrahmanismandthenabsorbedbyBuddhismandpassedtotheDairegioninYunnanProvinceviaBurma.Ithasenjoyedahistoryofsevenhundredyearsuptonow.Atpresent,theconventionofwatersplashinghasactuallybecomeaformofmutualwishingbetweenoneanother.IntheeyeoftheDaiPeople,waterisasymbolofsanctity,beautyandbrightness.Onlywatercanhelpeverythingontheearthgrow,sowateristhegodoflife.（439words）◆Helper:splash

[splæʃ]\o"真人发音"使（液体）溅起solarcalendar[ˈsəuləˈkælində]\o"真人发音"阳历maximum

['mæksɪməm]\o"真人发音"最大值的participate[pɑ:'tisipeit]\o"真人发音"参加某事sprinkle['spriŋkl]\o"真人发音"洒，撒afar[ə'fɑ:(r)]从远处，遥远hurrah[hə'rɑ:]\o"真人发音"好哇；万岁convention[kənˈvenʃn]\o"真人发音"习俗，规矩squirt[skwɜ:t]\o"真人发音"喷，注射器paycourtto追求（女人）,求爱doorframe['dɔ:freim]\o"真人发音"门框Brahmanism

[ˈbrɑ:mənizm]\o"真人发音"婆罗门教Burma['bɜ:mə]\o"真人发音"缅甸sanctity['sæŋktəti]\o"真人发音"圣洁，神圣◆ChineseBriefIntroduction:泼水节是傣族最隆重的节日，也是云南少数民族中影响面最大，参加人数最多的节日。源于印度，是古婆罗门教的一种仪式，后为佛教所吸收，约在公元十二世纪末至十三世纪初经缅甸随佛教传入中国云南傣族地区，至今已数百年。泼水节是傣族的新年，相当于公历的四月中旬，一般持续3至7天。第一天傣语叫“麦日”，与农历的除夕相似；第二天傣语叫“恼日”（空日）；第三天是新年，叫“叭网玛”，意为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。泼水节的活动内容丰富，这期间，大家用纯净的清水相互泼洒，祈求洗去过去一年的不顺，新的一年带着美好的愿望再次出发。其它的还有丢包、放高升、划龙舟，跳象脚鼓舞、放河船、斗鸡、跳孔雀舞等，人们身着盛装，喜气洋洋，场面极为热闹。◆Exercise:I.Questions:1.WhendoesWater-SplashingFestivalhappen?2.AreDaiPeopletheonlyoneswhocanparticipateinWater-Splashing?3.WhichfestivalofHanpeopleisWater-SplashingFestivalsimilarto?4.Fromthepictureinthetext,canyoufindwhichfamousleaderofthePRCtookpartinWater-Splashing?5.ListsomeactivitiesappearingintheWater-SplashingFestivalbesideswater-splashing?6.Whatdoesitmeanifyouarewateredmuch?II.Writtenwork假如你是21stcentury的一位编辑，主持Q/A栏目，美国游客David给报社写信说，在云南旅游时，适逢傣族的泼水节，他对被泼水很是不解。请你在Q/A栏目中给与回复。要求包括泼水节上的误解、解释、和建议三个方面。SuggestedAnswers3.ColdFoodDayI.Questions:1.WhendoesHaishiDayhappen?Key:JustbeforetheQingmingFestival.Thisyear,itfallsonApril4,2018.2.WhatkindoffoodarepeopletoeatonHaishiDay?Peopleshouldeatcoldfoodforthewholeday.3.WhatdoyouthinkofJieZitui?Key:Hewasloyal,devotedtohismaster.II.TasksofReadingandWriting:OnOctober31st,peopleinwesterncountriesdressthemselvesincostumestocelebrateHalloween.Schooldancesandneighbourhoodpartiesarepopularonthatday.Jokesareplayedforfun.Manywesternfestivalsareverypopularallovertheworld,suchasChristmas,ThanksgivingDay,AprilFool’sDayandsoon.Personally,Ithinkthewesternfestivalsareromanticandexciting.Colourfuldecorationsarefilledwithallstreets.Peoplewillgathertogetherandholdparties.Theyhaveagoodtimesinginganddancingduringtheparties.TraditionalChinesefestivalsarepopulartoo.TheMid-autumnFestivalismyfavourite.Itfallsonthefifteenthdayoftheeighthlunarmonth.Onthisday,themoonissaidtobeitsbiggestandbrightestsopeoplemeetintheeveningandwatchthemoon.Thisfestivalisimportantbecauseitisaspecialoccasionforfamily.Thetraditionalfood,mooncakes,aremadewithbeanpaste,butnowadaystheremanydifferentkindsofmooncakes,includingfruit,coffeeandevenice-creammooncakes.Inmyopinion,IpreferthetraditionalChinesefestivalstowesternfestivals.Chinahasalonghistoryanditsfestivalsarefullofculturalmeanings.Chinesepeopleenjoyfood,thetraditionalactivitiesofthefestivalsaswellastheloveoftheirmotherland.4.Water-SplashingFestivaloftheDaiPeopleI.Questions:1.Itusuallytakesplaceinmid-Aprilofthesolarcalendar,oftentendaysbeforeoraftertheTomb-sweepingDay.2.No.DaiPeoplewillalsoinvitepeoplefromotherethnicminoritiesandtouristscomingfromagreatdistancetosplashwatertocelebratethefestival.3.TheSpringF