2022年山东青岛重点中学高一下学期期中考试英语试题

2021-2022学年山东省青岛市重点中学高一下学期期中考试英语试题说明：1．本试卷分第I卷和第II卷。满分150分。答题时间120分钟。2．请将第I卷题目的答案选出后用2B铅笔涂在答题纸对应题目的代号上；第II卷用黑色签字笔将正确答案写在答题纸对应的位置上，答在试卷上作废。第I卷（选择题，共95分）第二部分：阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATHEBESTSHOPPINGINSYDNEYSydneyisoneoftheworld’sbiggestcitiesandhassomethingforeveryonewhenitcomestoshopping．YouwillfindexcellentAustralianproductsalongsidethebestthattheworldhastooffer．AtthebottomofSydneyTower,youcanshopin160ofSydney’sfavoritestoresincluding16jewelrystoresandmanygiftandfashionshops．It’sallatWestfieldCenterpoint．Tel:92319300．SOVEREIGNHILLThisprize-winninglivingmuseumiswhereAustralia’shistorycomesalive!VisitdailyorstayforthenightandexperiencelifeoftheGoldRushdays．Awonderfulnightlysoundandlightshow,“BloodontheSouthernCross”tellsthestoryofthefamousEurekaUprising．Enjoyshoppingalongwithreallifecharacterandentertainment．4-starhotelandbreakfast．Tel:53311944ANCHORAGERESTAURANTComeandenjoyourdeliciousCantoneseseafoodrightonthewater’sedgeinthehistoricfishingportofWilliamstownwithviewsofthecitycentreacrossPortPhillipBay．Open7daysaweekLunch:SundaytoFriday11:00am—2:00pmDinner:MondaytoSaturday5:00pm—10:30pmTel:93976270or93977799COOK’SCOTTAGEBuiltbyJamesandGraceCook,parentsofCaptainJamesCook,Cook’sCottagestandsproudintheFitzroyGardensasareminderoflifeintheeighteenthcentury,andasacelebrationandcommemorationofthelifeandtravelsofCaptainJamesCook．Open9:00am—5:00pmdaily,anduntil5:30pmduringthesummer．Information:941946771.Wherecanyouspendthenightinatour?A.SovereignHill. B.WestfieldCenterpoint.C.SydneyTower. D.Cook’sCottage.2.WhatisthetimethatCook’sCottageisopenonSaturdayinthesummer?A.11:00am—2:00pm． B.5:00pm—10:30pm．C.9:00am—5:00pm． D.9:00am—5:30pm．3.TheAnchorageRestaurantis__________．A.inthecentreofthecityB.inWilliamstownC.inAnchorageD.inaCantonesefishingport【答案】1.A2.D3.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了提供了购物、参观或餐饮的四个好去处。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据SOVEREIGNHILL部分“VisitdailyorstayforthenightandexperiencelifeoftheGoldRushdays.(每天参观或过夜，体验淘金热时期的生活)”可知，旅游期间你可以在SovereignHill过夜。故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据COOK’SCOTTAGE部分“Open9:00am—5:00pmdaily,anduntil5:30pmduringthesummer.(每天上午9点至下午5点开放，夏季开放至下午5点半)”可知，夏季库克小屋开门时间为上午9点至下午5点30。故选D项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据ANCHORAGERESTAURANT部分“ComeandenjoyourdeliciousCantoneseseafoodrightonthewater’sedgeinthehistoricfishingportofWilliamstownwithviewsofthecitycentreacrossPortPhillipBay.(快来威廉斯敦历史悠久渔港享用我们美味的广东海鲜吧，透过菲利浦湾港，你可以看到市中心的景色)”可知，此餐厅在Williamstown。故选B项。BYou’dthinkthatbeingthepresidentofacountrywouldbethetopofanyone’slife.ForJimmyCarter,itwasjustonestoponaverylongtrainride,filledwithpowerful,gooddeedsandgentleinfluence.FormerPresidentJimmyCarterisalmostaswell­knownforhisvolunteerworkwithHabitatforHumanityashewasforbeingthe39thpresidentoftheUnitedStates(1977－1981).HisrelationshipwithHabitatforHumanity,aglobalnonprofithousingorganizationdevotedtoprovidingcomfortableandaffordablehomesforfamilies,startedin1984.JonathanReckfordisHabitatforHumanity’schiefofficer.Hesaid,“ThegroupwasstartedbyMillardandLindaFullerin1976.TheFullersaskedJimmyCartertohelpwithoneofHabitat’sbuildingprojectsin1984.JimmyCarteragreed.Sincethattime,theformerpresident’sbelovedwifeRosalynnhasworkedbyhisside.Theynowcontinuetolendtheirnamesandmuscletothisinternationalaidgroup.Theyhaveworkedonthousandsofhomesacrossmanycountries.”Notsurprisingly,volunteeringisinCarter’sDNA.JimmyCartersaid,“MymotherservedasadoctorformanypoorAfricanAmericanpatients.Sherefusedtoacknowledgemostracialdistinctions.”In1966,attheageof68,MissLillianbecameaPeaceCorpsvolunteer.ShestayedinIndiafor20months,whereshetaughtwomenaboutbirthcontrolandtreatedpeoplewithdisease.Throughtheyears,tohelptheunfortunatefamilies,JimmyCarterhasworkedalongsidethousandsofeverydayvolunteers.Whenwesaywork,wemeanthoserelatedtogettinghishandsdirty,wearingjeans,andpickinguptools.Hesleptinallmannerofaccommodations,anddealtwithalltypesofweatheraroundtheworld.AndCarterhasn’tlethisworseninghealthholdhimbackeither.InearlyOctober,theformerpresident,now95yearsold,didn’tletaseverefallholdhimbackfromkickingoffthe36thJimmyandRosalynnCarterWorkProjectwithHabitatforHumanityinNashville.4.What’sJimmyCarter’svolunteerworkmainlyabout?A.Curingpeopleofbaddiseases.B.MakingAmericaagreatercountry.C.Improvingthetechniquesofconstruction.D.Offeringaccommodationsforlessfortunatefamilies.5.WhatcanbelearnedinParagraph3?A.JimmyCarter’svolunteerworkwassupportedbyhiswife.B.JimmyCarterfoundedHabitatforHumanity44yearsago.C.JimmyCarterinspiredotherstojoininhisvolunteerwork.D.JimmyCarter’sworkasthepresidentwasveryexcellent.6.WhydoestheauthormentionCarter’smotherinthetext?A.ToexpressCarter’sloveforhismother.B.ToemphasizeherinfluenceonCarter.C.ToexplainherdevotiontoPeaceCorps.D.Toshowthereadersthejobofher.7.WhichcanbestdescribeJimmyCarteraccordingtothetext?A.Energeticandsmart.B.Selflessandhonest.C.Sympatheticandtough.D.Ambitiousandstrict.【答案】4.D5.A6.B7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是身为美国第39任总统JimmyCarter从事志愿者的故事。在此过程中，他展现了自己的同情心以及坚忍不拔的品质。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“HisrelationshipwithHabitatforHumanity,aglobalnonprofithousingorganizationdevotedtoprovidingcomfortableandaffordablehomesforfamilies,startedin1984.”(他与仁人家园“HabitatforHumanity”的关系始于1984年。仁人家园是一家致力于为家庭提供舒适、负担得起的住房的全球非营利住房组织。)可知，JimmyCarter的志愿者工作主要是为不幸的家庭提供住宿。故选D。【5题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Sincethattime,theformerpresident’sbelovedwifeRosalynnhasworkedbyhisside.Theynowcontinuetolendtheirnamesandmuscletothisinternationalaidgroup.Theyhaveworkedonthousandsofhomesacrossmanycountries.”(从那时起，这位前总统深爱的妻子罗莎琳就一直在他身边工作。他们现在继续以自己的名义和力量帮助这个国际援助组织。他们帮助了许多国家中的数千个家庭。)可知，吉米·卡特的志愿者工作得到了他妻子罗莎琳的支持。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据题干中“Carter’smother”可将答案定位到第四段。根据该段中“Notsurprisingly,volunteeringisinCarter’sDNA.”(毫不奇怪的是，志愿服务植根于卡特的基因之中。)以及后文的“MymotherservedasadoctorformanypoorAfricanAmericanpatients.”(我母亲为许多贫穷的非洲裔美国病人当医生。)可知，卡特做志愿者是深受家庭的影响，其中尤其受到母亲的影响。因此提到卡特的母亲，主要是为了强调她对卡特做志愿者工作的影响，故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。总览全文，在第二、三和四段中描述的是卡特做志愿者的经历，结合第二段中的“FormerPresidentJimmyCarterisalmostaswellknownforhisvolunteerworkwithHabitatforHumanity.”(这位美国前总统JimmyCarter也因他在HabitatforHumanity的志愿者工作而闻名。)可知，卡特从事志愿者工作多年，可以推断出他是极具同情心的；同时根据最后一段“AndCarterhasn’tlethisworseninghealthholdhimbackeither.InearlyOctober,theformerpresident,now95yearsold,didn’tletaseverefallholdhimbackfromkickingoffthe36thJimmyandRosalynnCarterWorkProjectwithHabitatforHumanityinNashville.”(卡特也没有让他日益恶化的健康状况拖累他。10月初，这位现年95岁的前总统并没有因为一次严重的摔倒而停止在纳什维尔与仁人家园开展第36届吉米和罗莎琳·卡特工作项目。)可知，他并没有因为疾病而耽搁自己的工作，体现出坚韧的品质。故选C。CTherehasbeenadramaticincreaseinthenumberofnaturaldisastersoverthepastfewyears,anditisassumedthatglobalwarmingandclimatechangecouldcauseevenmoredisastersinthefuture.Someoftheworld’sleadingcitiesarefacingdisasterslikefloodsandheatwaves.LondonLondon’sflooddefencesaregettingolder.Since1982,theThamesBarrier(水闸)hasprotectedthecityfromthethreatofflooding,butitwasonlydesignedtolastuntil2030andcloseonceeverytwoorthreeyears.About26yearslater,thebarriernowclosesfiveorsixtimesayearandaccordingtoEnvironmentAgencypredictions,by2050thebarrierwillbeclosedonalmosteverytideiftheproblemisnotaddressed.Thereare26undergroundstations,400schools,16hospitals,anairportand80billionworthofpropertyinLondon’sfloodriskarea,solargescalefloodingwouldbedisastrous.ParisOverasix­weekperiodinJulyandAugust2003,morethan11,400—mainlyelderlypeople—diedinFrancefromdehydration(脱水)andextremelyhighbodytemperatureinadeadlyheatwave.Heatwavesofsimilarintensity(强度)areexpectedeverysevenyearsby2050,sowhatcanbedonetomakesuresuchadisasterdoesnothappenagain?Onesolutionistohaveair­conditionersinstalledinelderlycarehomes.Butthisisconsideredashort­termsolution,astheincreaseindemandforelectricityalsoincreasescarbonemissions(排放)．InParisthelocalauthoritiesareencouragingarchitectstodesignnewtypesofbuildingssuchasthebuilding“FlowerTower”,whichusesacoveringofbambootoactasanaturalair­conditioner.ShanghaiShanghaiisoneofthefastestgrowingcitiesonEarth.Ithasapopulationof18millionandisonly4metersabovesealevel.Sealevelsarepredictedtoriseby20cmwithinthenextcentury.Anestimated250，000peoplemovetoShanghaieveryyearinsearchofwork,placingextrademandsonenergyconsumption.Chinareliesheavilyoncoal­firedpowerstations,buttheseemissionsincreasetemperaturesand,inturn,warmerseasincreasetheriskoftyphoons.8.WhatproblemshouldbesettlednowinLondon?A.Howtoprotectthecity’sproperty.B.Wheretobuilditsflooddefences.C.HowtousetheThamesBarriertoprotectthecity.D.Howtoimprovethefunctionoftheoldflooddefences.9.WhichofthefollowingmeasuresCAN’TsolvetheheatwavedisasterinParis?A.Puttingupnewtypesofbuildingswithacoveringofbamboo.B.Havingair­conditionersinstalledinelderlycarehomes.C.Forbiddingthecitytobuild“FlowerTower”．D.Encouragingarchitectstodesignnewtypesofbuildings.10.Thepurposeofthepassageis________．A.totellushowtoprotectthebigcitiesB.togiveadviceonhowtodefendnaturaldisastersC.toexplainwhatcausesfloodandheatwavesD.towarnusoftheincreasingnaturaldisastersinbigcities11.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.BigCitiesFacingBigDisastersB.BigDisastersintheFutureC.TheIncreaseofNaturalDisastersD.SolutionstoNaturalDisasters【答案】8.D9.C10.D11.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。全文围绕三大城市：伦敦、巴黎和上海面临的灾难展开介绍的。目的是呼吁人们关注全球变暖和和气候变化对地球的影响，希望人们关注灾害对大城市的破坏。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据题第二段中“London’sflooddefencesaregettingolder.”(伦敦的防洪设施越来越老旧。)以及下文中“itwasonlydesignedtolastuntil2030andcloseonceeverytwoorthreeyears.”(ThamesBarrier水闸的设计只到2030年，每两三年关闭一次。)，以及“Thereare26undergroundstations,400schools,16hospitals,anairportand80billionworthofpropertyinLondon’sfloodriskarea,solargescalefloodingwouldbedisastrous.”(伦敦的洪水风险区有26个地铁站、400所学校、16家医院、一个机场和价值800亿英镑的财产，因此大规模的洪水将是灾难性的。)可知，伦敦当前亟需解决的问题是如何改进旧防洪工事的功能。如果该问题不解决，大规模的洪水则会造成巨大的灾难。故选D。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段中“InParisthelocalauthoritiesareencouragingarchitectstodesignnewtypesofbuildingssuchasthebuilding“FlowerTower”,whichusesacoveringofbambootoactasanaturalairconditioner.”(在巴黎，当地政府鼓励建筑师设计新型建筑，比如“花塔”建筑，它使用竹子覆盖，充当天然的空调。)可知，当地政府是鼓励建设“花塔”来解决巴黎热浪灾难问题的。C选项“禁止城市建设花塔”与此不符。故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Therehasbeenadramaticincreaseinthenumberofnaturaldisastersoverthepastfewyears.”(在过去的几年中，自然灾害的数量急剧增加。)以及“Someoftheworld’sleadingcitiesarefacingdisasterslikefloodsandheatwaves.”(一些世界主要城市正面临洪水和热浪等灾害。)可知，文章通过列举三大城市所面临的不同自然灾害风险，并做出了具体的解释，为此目的是来提醒我们大城市中自然灾害的不断增加。故选D。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Therehasbeenadramaticincreaseinthenumberofnaturaldisastersoverthepastfewyears.”(在过去的几年中，自然灾害的数量急剧增加。)以及“Someoftheworld’sleadingcitiesarefacingdisasterslikefloodsandheatwaves.”(一些世界主要城市正面临洪水和热浪等灾害。)以及下文的London、Paris和Shanghai可知，文章讲述的是大城市面临大灾难。故选A。DContrarytothelong­heldbeliefthatplantsinnaturalworldarealwaysincompetition,newresearchhasfoundinbadenvironmentsmature(成熟的)plantshelpsmallerones—andthriveasaresult.Theresearchteam,ledbyDr.RocioPérez­Barralesstudiedadultandyoungplantsinthe“ecologicaldesert”ofsoilinthesouth­eastofSpain.Thefindingscouldhavesignificanceforthosemanagingbadenvironmentslikecoastalareas.Dr.Pérez­Barralessaid,“Whatwehavefoundsurprisingisthatastronglargeplant,calleda‘nurse’，shieldsayoungone,anditalsoproducesmoreflowersthanthoseofsimilarsizegrowingontheirown.”Dr.Pérez­BarralesandherteamstudiedplantgrowthinsouthernSpainforoverthreemonthsduringsummerandfoundthattheyoungand“nurse”aremorelikelytothrivewhengrowntogether,comparedtoeitherplantgrowingalone.Theyoungplantsbenefitfromshade,moremoistureandmorenutrients,fromtheleaflitter(落叶层)ofthe“nurse”plants,andprobablyhigherbacteriaandfungus(真菌)inthesoil.Asitmatures,the“nurse”plantgrowsmoreflowersthanthosesimilaronesnearbygrowingalone,greatlyincreasingitschancesofproducingseedsandreproducing.Besides,vegetationof“nurse”andfacilitatedplantswithmoreflowersmightbeabletoattractagreaternumberandvarietyofpollinators(传粉昆虫)inanarea.Inturn,itsupportsinsectandsoillife,andevenprovidesalargerrangeofdifferentfruittypesforbirdsandmammals.Thisisthegreatestachievementoftheecosystem.Theresearchislikelytobeofvaluetothosewhomanagetoprotectplantsinhostileandharshenvironments,suchasshingleandsand­dune(沙丘)ecosystems,whichareconsideredathighriskduetohumanactionandclimatechange.Mosthomegardenersandfarmersarehappywiththeresearchaswell,butthefindingsmightbeofmorevaluetothosewhogardeninharshplaces.12.What'sthefindingofthestudy?A.Thematureandsmallerplantsbenefiteachotherwhengrowingtogether.B.Largeplantssacrificethemselvesforthesmallerones.C.Youngplantscompetewiththeadultsforlargerspace.D.Youngplantsstruggletosurviveinharshenvironments.13.Whyisaplantcalleda“nurse”？A.Becauseitproducesmoreflowers.B.Becauseitcompeteswithalargerone.C.Becauseitprotectsandhelpstheyoung.D.Becauseitgrowswellinbadenvironments.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inParagraph3referto?A.Thenaturalselection.B.Thebiodiversity(生物多样性)inanarea.C.Theimprovementofthesoil.D.Thehighrateofanimalreproduction(繁殖).15.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Theeffectsoftheresearchonagriculture.B.Theshortcomingsoftheresearchatpresent.C.Theinfluenceoftheresearchonclimatechange.D.Thesignificanceoftheresearchfindingsinsomefields.【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在恶劣的环境中，成年植物会帮助较小的植物，从而生长良好这一新的研究。【12题详解】判断推理题。根据第一段“Contrarytothelong­heldbeliefthatplantsinnaturalworldarealwaysincompetition,newresearchhasfoundinbadenvironmentsmature(成熟的)plantshelpsmallerones—andthriveasaresult.(与长期以来认为自然界中的植物总是在竞争的观点相反，新的研究发现，在恶劣的环境中，成熟的植物可以帮助较小的植物，并因此而茁壮成长)”以及第二段“Whatwehavefoundsurprisingisthatastronglargeplant,calleda“nurse”,shieldsayoungone,anditalsoproducesmoreflowersthanthoseofsimilarsizegrowingontheirown.(我们发现令人惊讶的是，一种叫做“护士”的强壮的大型植物保护着一株幼树，而且它的花朵也比同类大小的植物自己生长的花朵多)”可知，大小植物相互扶持成长。故选A项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Whatwehavefoundsurprisingisthatastronglargeplant,calleda‘nurse’,shieldsayoungone,anditalsoproducesmoreflowersthanthoseofsimilarsizegrowingontheirown.(我们发现令人惊讶的是，一种叫做“护士”的强壮的大型植物保护着一株幼树，而且它的花朵也比同类大小的植物自己生长的花朵多)”可知，大型植物保护着小树，因此被称为“护士”。故选C项。【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段“Besides,vegetationof“nurse”andfacilitatedplantswithmoreflowersmightbeabletoattractagreaternumberandvarietyofpollinators(传粉昆虫)inanarea.Inturn,itsupportsinsectandsoillife,andevenprovidesalargerrangeofdifferentfruittypesforbirdsandmammals.(此外，“护士”植物和易化植物有更多的花朵，可能能够吸引更多的种类和数量的传粉者在一个地区。反过来，它支持昆虫和土壤生命，甚至为鸟类和哺乳动物提供更多不同种类的水果)”可知，花朵的增加吸引了更多的物种，且也为动物提供不同的水果，这种生物多样性促进了生态循环。因此，文中的“this”指代生物多样性。故选B项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Theresearchislikelytobeofvaluetothosewhomanagetoprotectplantsinhostileandharshenvironments(这项研究可能对那些在恶劣和恶劣环境中保护植物的人有价值)”以及“Mosthomegardenersandfarmersarehappywiththeresearchaswell,butthefindingsmightbeofmorevaluetothosewhogardeninharshplaces.(大多数家庭园丁和农民也对这项研究感到满意，但这一发现可能对那些在恶劣环境下种植的人更有价值)”可知，最后一段主语讲述了这项研究的重要性。故选D项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。BeingaVolunteerWhatcanyoudotohelppeople?Theansweris——tobeavolunteer!Thenwhatisthecommonopinionofvolunteering?____16____●Helpyourselfbyhelpingothers.____17____It’samazingtoknowthatvolunteeringcancalmyoudownwhenyoufeelupset.Lotsofpeoplereallyenjoyvolunteering,becausedoingvolunteerworkcouldmakeabigdifferenceintheirlife.Sowheredoyoustart?Schoolisagoodplacetostartifyouarelookingforvolunteerideas.●____18____Volunteeringisagreatwaytohavefunwithyourfamily.Talktoyourparents,brothers,orsistersandseewhattheymightbeinterestedin.Findsomethingyouallagreeon.Youcandothethingsasafamilylikecleaningupaparkandplantingtreesorflowersinyourlocalcommunity(社区).●Createyourownopportunityforyourfuture.Kidscancomeupwiththeirownwaystoraisemoneyorprovideneededservices.Youcanmakeandsellproducts,anddonate(捐赠)themoney._____19_____Volunteeringcanalsohelpkidslearnimportantthingsabouttheirfuture——likewhatkindsofthingstheywillbebestat.Avolunteerjobcanevenhelpsomekidsdecidewhattheywanttodowhentheygrowup.____20____Makeaplantostartvolunteeringtoday!A.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?B.Thingstodowithfamilymembers.C.Cleanupaschoolorotherpublicbuildings.D.Volunteeringgiveskidsasenseofresponsibility.E.Whydon’tyouchoosetodoajobyoulikebest?F.Volunteeringmeansspendingtimeinhelpingothers.G.Whenyouvolunteertohelpothers,youarehelpingyourself.【答案】16.F17.G18.B19.D20.A【解析】【分析】本篇讲的是关于志愿服务，文章结构清晰，是总分结构。第一句话总领全文，引出主题：我们常人能够做些什么来帮助那些需要帮助的人？紧接着说出志愿服务是不二之选。后几个小标题则分别就怎样做志愿服务展开详细讨论【16题详解】本句在文章的开头，可以推测出该句子是一个能够概括本文中心且起到承上启下的作用。又根据该空前面的Theansweris-tobeavolunteer（答案就是做一名志愿者）可以判断出本句内容应该是对volunteer做出详细的解释，在备选项当中只有F项符合。所以选择F项。【17题详解】本段副标题是Helpyourselfbyhelpingothers（帮助别人就是帮助自己）可以看出该句是对此主题的进一步解释，该句内容应该给出一个具体的例子来证明这个观点，备选项当中G项是一个具体例子，且符合上下文语境。所以选择G项。【18题详解】本段第一句“Volunteeringisagreatwaytohavefunwithyourfamily.”告诉我们和家人一起参加志愿工作是非常开心的事情。可知本段内容建议我们和家人一起去做志愿者。B项“Thingstodowithfamilymembers.”符合段落大意，所以选择B项。【19题详解】本段第一句“Kidscancomeupwiththeirownwaystoraisemoneyorprovideneededservices.”告诉我们孩子们可以想出他们自己的方法来筹集资金提供必要的服务，这样做可以提升孩子们的社会责任心。D项“Volunteeringgiveskidsasenseofresponsibility.”符合上下文语境，所以选择D项。【20题详解】本句设在文章结尾，句尾的话语通常具有号召性或总结性地意味，该句后面的Makeaplantostartvolunteeringtoday!（就从今天做一个志愿服务计划吧）可以看出作者最后鼓励大家加入志愿行列当中，所以选择A项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Everyoneneedswaterandadietofhealthyfoods.Thesefoodsshould____21____somefat,somefiber,alittlesaltandsoon.Peopleneedenergytolive.Theyeatallkindsoffoods____22____changeintoenergy.Ourbodiesusedifferent____23____ofenergy.Theenergyismeasuredincalories(卡路里).Themore____24____wetake,themorecaloriesweburn.Evenwhenyouare____25____,youareusingenergy—about65caloriesanhour.Whileyouareatschool,orwalkinghome,yourbodyis____26____up100caloriesanhour.Whenplayingfootballorbasketball,youmightbeusing400caloriesanhour.OnSportsDay,duringtherelayrace,youwillusemostofall,perhapsas____27____as650caloriesanhour.TheChinesedietisconsideredtobethehealthiestintheworld.Itcontainsalotoffruitandgreenvegetables.Itis____28____infiberandlowinsugarandfat.TheChineseeatlesssugarthanmanyothercountriesintheworld.Thatis____29____lotsofpeopleinChinahavewhiteteeth.PeopleintheWesternworlddonoteatsuchhealthyfoods.Theyeattoomuchfatandsugaranddon’ttake_____30_____exercise.Becauseofthis,they_____31_____veryeasily.Inorderto____32____withthequickpace(步伐)oftheirlifeandwork,theyeatalotoffastfood.Theyeatalotofsweets,softdrinks,potatocrisps,chocolate,butterandicecreamandsoon,whicharecalled____33____foodbysomeepicureans(美食家).Theresultisthatmanyofthembecomefat.Inordertoavoid_____34_____fatand_____35_____itisadvisable(明智的)toeatabalanceddietandnoteattoomanyfoodsthathaveahighcalorierating.21.A.include B.hold C.contain D.makeup22.A.which B.what C.where D.it23.A.numbers B.amounts C.plenty D.deal24.A.exercise B.exercises C.sport D.game25.A.sleepy B.running C.working D.asleep26.A.running B.adding C.burning D.wasting27.A.much B.many C.few D.little28.A.poor B.low C.rich D.plenty29.A.why B.because C.becauseof D.since30.A.anumberof B.toomuch C.massesof D.enough31.A.loseweight B.putonweight C.die D.stayhealthy32.A.keepup B.carryon C.keepon D.goon33.A.bad B.diseased C.healthy D.junk34.A.toget B.becoming C.tobecome D.get35.A.keepthin B.keepfit C.staycalm D.fallill【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.A25.D26.C27.A28.C29.A30.D31.B32.A33.D34.B35.B【解析】【导语】本文属于说明文。文章介绍了中国饮食被认为是最健康的饮食，而西方饮食高糖高脂是不健康的。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些食物包含纤维、脂肪、盐等等。A.include包括；B.hold容纳；C.contain包含；D.makeup组成。根据本句可知，食物包含成分，故用contain，include表示整体包括部分。故选C。【22题详解】考查关系代词。句意：他们吃各种各样的食物，这些食物转换成能量。A.which关系代词，指物，从句中作主语或宾语；B.what不引导定语从句；C.where关系副词，作地点状语；D.it人称代词，表示“它”。分析句子，“changeintoenergy”为限制性定语从句修饰先行词foods，而从句中缺乏主语，故用关系代词which，故选A。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们身体使用大量的能量。A.numbers数量；B.amounts数量；C.plenty许多；D.deal大量。分析句子，energy为不可数名词，使用amounts修饰，其它三项修饰可数名词复数，故选B。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们锻炼得越多，燃烧的热量越多。A.exercise锻炼；B.exercises练习；C.sport运动；D.game游戏。分析句子可知，本句为结构：the+比较级，the+比较级越……；越……。另外还涉及短语takeexercise，固定短语，表示“锻炼”，故选A。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：甚至当你睡觉时，你也正在使用能量——一小时消耗65卡路里。A.sleepy困倦的；B.running跑着的；C.working工作的；D.asleep熟睡的。根据本句中even以及后文65calories可知，运动量较小，应是在睡觉时，故选D。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你在学校或者步行回家时，大约每小时消耗100卡路里。A.running跑步；B.adding增加；C.burning燃烧；D.wasting浪费。根据上文“Whileyouareatschool,orwalkinghome”可知，本句介绍步行时的能量燃烧，故选C。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在运动会当天，在接力赛中，你将使用最多，大约一小时650卡路里。A.much许多，修饰不可数名词；B.many许多，修饰可数名词；C.few很少；几乎没有；修饰可数名词；D.little少量的；修饰不可数名词。本句修饰energy，为不可数名词，故用much，故选A。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：中国饮食低脂低糖，富含纤维。A.poor贫穷的；B.low低的；C.rich丰富的；D.plenty大量的。It指代上文提到的中国饮食，根据“TheChinesedietisconsideredtobethehealthiestintheworld.Itcontainsalotoffruitandgreenvegetables.”可推断，本句为短语berichin富含，表示中国饮食富含纤维，低糖低脂肪。故选C。【29题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：那就是为什么很多中国人的牙齿白的原因。A.why……的原因；B.because因为；C.becauseof由于；D.since既然。根据前后文可知，中国饮食低糖，故中国人牙齿白，前面是原因，后面是结果，故用句型thatiswhy…“那就是……的原因”，故选A。【30题详解】考查形容词短语词义辨析。句意：他们摄入大量的糖和脂肪，但是没有足够的运动。A.anumberof大量的；B.toomuch太多；C.massesof大量的；D.enough足够的。根据本句but可知，西方人偏胖的原因就是运动不够，故选D。【31题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：正因为如此，他们很容易长胖。A.loseweight减重；B.putonweight增重；C.die死；D.stayhealthy保持健康。根据前文“PeopleintheWesternworlddonoteatsuchhealthyfoods.Theyeattoomuchfatandsugaranddon’ttake____10____exercise.”可知，西方人摄入过多的脂肪和糖，但是没有足够的运动，因而长胖，故选B。【32题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：为了跟上快节奏的生活和工作，他们吃了很多快餐食品。A.keepup跟上；B.carryon进行；C.keepon坚持；D.goon继续。根据“theyeatalotoffastfood.”可知，吃快餐的原因是没时间做饭，要跟上快节奏的生活方式。故选A。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们吃了很多糖果、碳酸饮料、薯片、巧克力、黄油以及冰激凌，这些食品被美食家称为垃圾食品。A.bad坏的；B.diseased有病的；C.healthy健康的；D.junk垃圾。根据常识可知，这些食品因为高糖高脂，被成为垃圾食品，故选D。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了不长胖和保持健康，保持饮食均衡和不吃高热量食品是明智的。A.toget变得；B.becoming变得；C.tobecome变得；D.get变得。本句为avoid的用法，avoiddoingsth，故后接becoming。故选B。【35题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：为了不长胖和保持健康，保持饮食均衡和不吃高热量食品是明智的。A.keepthin保持瘦；B.keepfit保持健康；C.staycalm保持平静；D.fallill生病。根据下文“itisadvisable(明智的)toeatabalanceddietandnoteattoomanyfoodsthathaveahighcalorierating”可知，本句中and为并列连词，toavoid与tokeep并列，表示避免肥胖，保持健康。故选B。第II卷（非选择题，共55分）第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Ourworldhasbeengreatlyaffectedbyglobalwarminganditiscritical(关键的)thatpeople,youngandold,joinhandstofightit.Most____36____(important),childrentodayshouldlearntobeeco­friendlyatayoungage.Itisbelievedthatthenationshouldaskschools____37____(have)aclassabout“GreenLiving”.Everyschoolshouldteachstudentstoknowaboutglobalwarmingandwhattheycandotoreducetheircarbonfootprints.Intheclasses,studentscouldbeassignedtofindseveral____38____(solve)toenergyproblemswhilelearningabouttheireffects____39____theearth.Studentsalsoshould____40____(encourage)tousewhattheylearnedinclassathome.Toomanypeoplethinkthatglobalwarmingisnotathreat,butitisoneofour____41____(big)problems.Steps____42____(take)tobe“green”intheschoolaresoeffective.Whatwouldchildrenbelearningiftheschool’slightswerealwaysleftonandtherewerenorecyclingbins?Greenlivingandgreenschoolsarepartof____43____newwavesweepingoverthenation.Howwillourfutureleadersrespondafteryearsoflivinginacommunity____44____protectingourworld’snaturalenvironmentjustisn’tconsideredimportant？Schoolsandthegovernmentshouldteachyoungpeopletodevote_____45_____(they)todealingwithglobalwarming.【答案】36.importantly37.tohave38.solutions39.on40.beencouraged41.biggest42.taken43.a44.where45.themselves【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了国家应该要求学校开设“绿色生活”课程的建议。【36题详解】考查副词。句意：最重要的是，今天的孩子应该在很小的时候就学会环保。修饰整句话，应用副词。故填importantly。【37题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：人们认为国家应该要求学校开设“绿色生活”课程。ask…todosth“要求……干某事”是固定用法，应用动词不定式，作宾语补足语。故填tohave。【38题详解】考查名词复数。句意：在课堂上，学生可以在学习能源问题对地球的影响的同时，找到能源问题的几种解决方案。根据前文动词find可知，此处应用名词solution作宾语，前面由several修饰，应用其复数形式。故填solutions。【39题详解】考查介词。句意：在课堂上，学生可以在学习能源问题对地球的影响的同时，找到能源问题的几种解决方案。effecton...“对……的影响”是固定搭配。故填on。【40题详解】考查动词语态。句意：也应该鼓励学生在家使用他们在课堂上学到的知识。谓语动词encourage和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（bedone），情态动词should后，动词be应用原形。故填beencouraged。【41题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：太多人认为全球变暖不是威胁，但它是我们最大的问题之一。oneof+形容词最高级+名词复数，表示“最……之一”是固定表达，符合句意。故填biggest。【42题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：学校采取的“绿色”措施非常有效。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词，动词take和名词Steps之间是被动关系，应用其过去分词，作后置定语。故填taken。【43题详解】考查冠词。句意：绿色生活和绿色学校是席卷全国的新浪潮的一部分。名词短语newwavesweeping是泛指概念，表示“一波新浪潮”，应用不定冠词限定，new发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。【44题详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们未来的领导人在多年生活在一个不重视保护世界自然环境的社区后将如何回应？分析句子可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为acommunity，在从句中做地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。【45题详解】考查反身代词。句意：学校和政府应该教育年轻人致力于应对全球变暖。devoteoneselfto(doing)sth“致力于（做）某事”是固定句式，应用they的反身代词，作宾语。故填themselves。第四部分：（共两节，满分40分）第一节：基础达标根据汉语提示，用正确形式填空。（每题一分，共25分）46._______________________