Unit5单元知识清单(1)人教版九年级英语全册

Unit5单词讲义SectionA一、词性转换1．environmentn．环境→environmentaladj．环境的2．leafn．叶子→leaves（复数）（速记：妻子wife持刀knife去宰狼wolf，小偷thief吓得发了慌，躲在架shelf后保己self命life，半片half叶子leaf遮目光。）3．producev．生产；制造→productn．产品；制品4．wideadj．宽的→widelyadv．广泛地→widthn．宽度5．Francen．法国→Frenchadj．法国的；法国人的n．法语；法国人Frenchman法国男士（复数Frenchmen）Frenchwoman法国女士（复数Frenchwomen）Germanyn．德国→Germanadj．德国（人）的；n．德国人；德语（复数Germans）postmann.邮递者（复数postmen）二．常见短语1.bemadeof...由……制成，强调看得见原材料bemadefrom...由……制成,强调看不出原材料bemadein...在(某地)制造，后跟地点bemadebysb由某人制造anartandsciencefair艺术和科技展览会protectenvironment保护环境environmentalprotection环境的保护befamousfor=beknownfor=bewellknownfor因......而有名beknownas作为.....而有名asfarasIknow就我所知byhand手工begoodforhealth对健康有好处begoodatmakingeverydaythings擅长制作日常用品searchforsth/sb搜寻某物/人nomatterwhat=whatevernomatterwhere=wherevernomatterwho=whoevernomatterwhen=whenever引导让步状语从句。somanyhightechnologyproducts如此多的高科技产品avoiddoing避免做某事allowsbtodosth允许某人做事=sbbeallowedtodosth某人被允许做事becoveredbysth被...覆盖，强调动作。becoveredwithsth被覆盖着，强调状态。(cover...with...用......覆盖.....)(cover还可以作名词，“封面，覆盖物”)三、合作探究1.bemadeof意为“由……制成”，指原材料经过加工后没有发生质的变化，从成品中可以看得出原材料。bemadefrom意为“由……制成”，是指原材料经过加工后发生了质的变化，从成品中看不出原材料。bemadein意为“在……制造”，表示某物是在某地生产或制造的。bemadeby意为“被……制作”，表示某物是由某人或以某种方式制造的。bemadeinto意为“把……制成……，使转变为”，是指用某种原材料制成某种成品。bemadeupof意为“由……组成/构成”，指由两个或两个以上的部分组成/构成。Wineismade_______grapes.Thecoatismade_______silk.Inmanypartsoftheworld,cornismade_______powder.Themedicalteamismade_______onedoctorandthreenurses.Themodelplaneismade_______myfather.2.befamous/knownfor表示出名的原因，意为“因……而出名”。befamous/knownas后接表示身份、地位等的名词，意为“作为……而出名”。befamous/knownto意为“为……所熟知”，后接表示人的名词。Thebookisfamous_______usstudents.Hangzhouisfamous_______theWestLakeandsilk.Shebecamefamous_______ateacher.Shakespeareisfamous________aplaywriterandwellknownallovertheworld________hisworkssuchasRomeoandJuliet,TheKingLearandsoon.for;for B．as;for C．as;as D．for;aseverydayadj.每天的，日常的，在句中作定语，后面跟名词。everyday每天，副词短语。作时间状语Wevaluethetimewespendwithourfamilyandfriends___________Theweatherinfluencesour________life.experience作及物动词，“经历”experience作可数名词，“经历”；作不可数名词，“经验”Heisanofficerwith__________andhasmanystrange__________.他是一位有经验的军官，他有着很多奇特的经历。SectionB一、词性转换1.internationn.国际→internationaladj.国际的2．petev．竞争；竞赛→petitionn．比赛；竞赛→petitorn.参赛者；竞争者→3．celebratev．庆祝→celebrationn．庆祝活动4．historyn．历史→historicaladj．历史的5．hotadj．热的→heatn．热；高温；v．加热6．pletev．完成→pleteadj．完全的；完整的→7.livelyadj.生气勃勃的；（色彩）鲜艳的→liveadj.活的；现场直播的(alivefish一条活鱼）→aliveadj.活着；有生气的（bealive活着的，theonlypersonalive唯一幸存者，alive作后置定语）→（livingthings生物）二．常见短语1.accordingto...根据......其中to为介词，后接名词、代词或从句做宾语。_________thenewtrafficlaws,wearenotallowedtodriveafterdrinkingwine.根据新的交规，我们不被允许酒后驾车。Accordingto B．Closeto C．Nextto D．Infrontof2.livelycharacters鲜活的人物形象3.ataveryhighheat在高温下4.o..把......变成......5.beusedbysb被某人使用beusedfordoingsth=beusedtodosth被用来做.....beusedas...被用作......后加名词。eg.①Pencilisused________writing.=Pencilisused___________.铅笔被用来②Coalisused________用作燃料。③Analarmclock__________wakingpeopleup.A.isusedbyB.isusedasC.isusedforD.isusedto④Piggybanksareused_______childrentosavemoneyin.孩子们用小猪形状的储钱罐存钱。6.beseenas...=beregardedas,被看作……;被视为……7.rise,raiserise为不及物动词，意为“上升；攀升”，不能用于被动语态。表示主语自身移向较高的位置，如太阳升起、河水上涨等。riseintotheair升入大气中riseroserisenraise为及物动词，意为“举起,抬高，表示人为地移动，如举手、升国旗等。抚养”，。raiseraisedraisedThewaterintheriver________alotandweshould________moneytorepair(修缮)thebrokenbridgeassoonaspossible.raises;rise B．rises;raise C．rises;rise老师昨天告诉我们太阳从东方升起。____________________________________.8.lively,alive,living,livelively表示“生气勃勃的，活泼的”，可修饰人或物，用作前置定语或表语。alive表示“活着的”，与dead相对应。可以修饰人或动植物，常做表语、宾语补足语或后置定语。living表示“活着的”，修饰人或物，常做表语或定语。做表语时相当于alive。theliving表示“活着的人”，做主语时谓语动词用复数形式。live表示“活的，有精神的；现场直播的”，此时读作/laiv/,可修饰人或物，一般只做前置定语。Thisisa_________fish.Whoisthe__________girlinthepicture?Eventhoughwe'reindifficulttimes,weneedtokeephope__________.The_______aremoreimportanttousthanthedead.9.apairofscissors一把剪刀10.historicalstory历史故事（historyn.历史→）语法精讲——一般现在时的被动语态1.语态：在英语中有主动语态和被动语态两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态的结构：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词。be动词有人称，时态和数的变化。主动语态变被动语态的方法：A.宾变主(把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。如果宾语是人称代词宾格，应把宾格变成主格。)WespeakEnglish.我们讲英语。(主动语态)主语谓语宾语Englishisspokenbyus.英语被我们讲。(被动语态)主语被动结构bedoneby+宾语B.谓变被：即将主动语态中的谓语变成被动语态中的bedone结构C.by加宾语紧跟随：即把主动语态的主语变成by+宾语。如果主动语态句子中的主语是人称代词主格，改为被动语态时，要用宾格。（有时可省略。）4.在五个简单句中，只有3个可以变被动。A.主谓宾。S+Vt+OHeplaysbasketball.主谓宾Basketballisplayedbyhim.Heplaysbasketball.（改为被动语态。）.主+双宾动词+间宾+直宾。S+Vt+IO+DOgive,pass,send,show,write,tell,lend,take,bring,offer(to)双宾语动词make,buy,order,cook(for)这一类双宾语动词变被动语态时有两种变法。当表人的间接宾语作主语时，sb+bedone+sth。若指物的直接宾语作主语，间宾前要加to或者for.e.g.①Igivehimabook.(改为被动语态)Heisgivenabookbyme.②Abookisgiventohimbyme.Myfatherboughtmeanewcar.(改为被动语态)_______________________________________________.________________________________________________.主+谓+宾+宾补。S+Vt+O+OCsee,watch,notice,hear等感官动词和let,make,have使役动词在主动语态中要省略to，但在被动语态中要还原to.①Healwaysmakeshissistercry.Hissisterisalwaysmadetocrybyhim.②Isawastrangewalkintotheroom.（改为被动语态）___________________________________________________________.5.某些谓语动词用主动形式表示被动意义。①open、lock、write、read、sell、clean、wash、cut、burn、drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表被动意义。例如：Thiskindofpenwritesverysmoothly.这种钢笔写起来很流畅。Thiskindofshirtsellswellhere.这种样式的衬衫在这里卖得好。②look、sound、taste、smell等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。例如：Uniformslookuglyonus.我们穿着制服很难看。Mooncakestastedelicious.月饼尝起来很好吃。③beworthdoing用主动形式表被动意义。例如：Thisbookisworthreading.这本书值得读一读。④want/need/requiredoing相当于“want/need/require+tobedone”。tobedone是不定式的被动结构。例如：Mybikeneedsrepairing.=Mybikeneeds需要修理。6.许多由不及物动词加上介词或副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词，也可以有被动语态。在变为被动语态时，不能将介词或副词去掉。例如：Wemusttakegoodcareofthechildren.→Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcareof.我们必须照顾好这些孩子。7.用于固定搭配中：It’ssaid/reported/believed/supposed+that…据说/据报道/人们相信/据推断.......被动语态结构时态被动语态结构例句一般现在时am／is／are＋过去分词Heislovedbyallhisstudents.一般过去时was／were＋过去分词Manyaccidentswerecausedbycarelessdrivinglastyear.一般将来时willbe＋过去分词begoingtobedoneWhenwilltheworkbefinished?现在完成时have/has十been＋过去分词Theworkhasbeenfinished.含情态动词时情态动词＋be十过去分词Somethingmustbedonetoreducepollution.现在进行时am/is/are+beingdoneThenewbuildingisbeingbuiltnow.过去进行时was/were+beingdone不定式的被动结构tobedoneMorethingsneedtobeconsideredinit.Unit5写作指导介绍家乡的特色产品Beginning:点明特色产品Mytown/cityisfamousfor……isfamousinmytown/city...has/havebeenaroundforabout/over/morethan...years.Body具体介绍…is/aremadeof/from/with/by/in……is/areusedfor…Ending:点明特色产品的意义…is/areknownfor……is/arespecialbecause…...areseenassymbolsof...作文范文一：MycityWeifang,inShandongProvince,isfamousforitskites.Kiteshavebeenaroundformorethan2,000years.Theyareusuallymadeofbamboo,paperorclothorplasticandstring.Thereareallkindsofkitesinmycity.Andkitesherehavespecialdesigns.TheyareoftenpaintedwithpicturessuchasanimalsandlivelycharactersfromaChinesefairytaleorhistoricalstory.Atfirst,kitesweren’tusedforfunandexercise.Theywereusedtosendmessages.AninternationalkitefestivalisheldhereinAprileveryyearandthousandsofpeopleehere.Kitesriseintotheairwithpeople’swishesforabetterlife.Therefore,theyarelovedbylotsofpeople.Ihopethatmoreandmorepeoplewilletomycityandhavefunflyingkites.作文范文二：Mycity,Suzhou,isfamousforitssilkquilts.Thesequiltsaremadeofpuresilk.Theyaremadebyskillfulworkersinmanysilkfactoriesinthecity.Thesilkquiltsareusedtokeeppeoplewarmandfortableinbed.Theyareknowntobeveryfortablebec