大二轮高考总复习英语第02部分专题01第03节顺藤摸瓜明辨词义猜测题高效演练

第二部分专题一第三节A(2017·荆州中学四检)TwoofthesaddestwordsintheEnglishlanguageare“ifonly”．Ilivemylifewiththegoalofneverhavingtosaythosewords，becausetheyconveyregret，lostopportunities，mistakes，anddisappointment.Myfatherisfamousinourfamilyforsaying，“Taketheextraminutetodoitright.”Ialwaystrytolivebythe“extraminute”rule.Whenmychildrenwereyoungandlikelytocauseaccidents，IalwaysthoughtaboutwhatIcoulddotoavoidan“ifonly”moment，whetheritwassomethingminorlikemovingacupfullofhotcoffeeawayfromtheedgeofacounter，orsomethingthatrequiredalittlemoreworksuchastapingpadding(衬垫)ontothesharpcornersofaglasscoffeetable.Idon’tonlyavoidthose“ifonly”momentswhenitestosafety.It’sequallyimportanttoavoid“ifonly”inourpersonalrelationships.Weallknowpeoplewholostalovedoneregrettedthattheyhadforegoneanopportunitytosay“Iloveyou”or“Iforgiveyou”．WhenmyfatherannouncedhewasgoingtotheeyedoctoracrossfrommyofficeonGoodFriday，ItoldhimthatitwasaholidayformypanyandIwouldn’tbehere.ButthenIthoughtaboutthefactthathe’s84yearsoldandIrealizedthatIshouldn’tgiveupanopportunitytoseehim.IcalledhimandtoldhimIhaddecidedtogotoworkonmydayoffafterall.IknowtherewillstillbeoccasionswhenIhavetosay“ifonly”aboutsomething，butmylifeisdefinitelybetterbecauseofmypolicyofdoingeverythingpossibletoavoidthateventuality.Andeventhoughittakesanextraminutetodosomethingright，oritoccasionallytakesanhourortwoinmybusyscheduletomakeapersonalconnection，IknowthatI’mdoingtherightthing.I’mbuyingmyselfpeaceofmindandthat’sthebestkindofinsuranceformyemotionalwell－being.1．Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofthe“extraminute”rule?A．Startthecarthemomenteveryoneisseated.B．Leavetheroomforaminutewiththeironworking.C．Waitforanextraminutesothatthesteaktastesbetter.D．Moveanobjectoutofthewaybeforeittripssomeone.2．Theunderlinedword“foregone”inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto________.A．avoided B．lackedC．abandoned D．taken3.TheauthordecidedtogotoherofficeonGoodFridayto________.A．keepherappointmentwiththeeyedoctorB．meetherfatherwhowasalreadyanoldmanC．joinintheholidaycelebrationofthepanyD．finishherworkbeforethedeadlineapproached[语篇解读]作者认为英语中最悲伤的两个词是“ifonly”，因为它们表达了遗憾。父亲经常让作者提前做一些能防止意外发生的事，因此作者懂得珍惜现在所拥有的一切，而且知道她正在做对的事。1．解析：考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“whetheritwassomethingminorlikemovingacupfullofhotcoffeeawayfromtheedgeofacounter，orsomethingthatrequiredalittlemoreworksuchastapingpadding(衬垫)ontothesharpcornersofaglasscoffeetable”可知，在物体绊住别人之前将它移开属于“the‘extraminute’rule”，故选D项。答案：D2．解析：考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Weallknowpeoplewholostalovedoneregrettedthattheyhadforegoneanopportunitytosay‘Iloveyou’or‘Iforgiveyou’”可知，我们都知道失去了所爱之人的人们后悔当初放弃了一个说“我爱你”或“我原谅你”的机会。所以画线词意为“放弃”，故选C。答案：C3．解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“ButthenIthoughtaboutthefactthathe’s84yearsoldandIrealizedthatIshouldn’tgiveupanopportunitytoseehim”可知，作者在周五休息的时候去办公室是为了去看望年迈的父亲。答案：BBThepresidentialelectionended，butinConnecticut’selementaryschools，anotherpoliticalraceisunderway.Sevenfifth－gradersarecandidates(候选人)for“kidgovernor”ofthestate.AcrossConnecticut,4,400fifthgradersfrom45citiesandtownshavecasttheirballots(选票)．Thewinnerwillserveaone－yearterm.Onceinoffice，thekidgovernorwillbeexpectedtohaveaplanonhowtomakehisorhercampaignpromisesetrue.Thewinnermustalsomakepublicappearancesanddeliverspeeches.Thecurrentkidgovernor,11－year－oldElenaTipton，ofEastHartford，promotedkindnessduringhercampaignlastyear.Thebestpartofherjob，shesaid，islisteningtoideasfromherpeers.“Igetaroundandmeetallthesedifferentkidsandlearnwhattheydotobekind，”shesaid.TheConnecticutPublicAffairsNetworklaunchedthekidgovernorprogramlastyear.Thepurposeoftheprogramistoinspirestudentstodevelopadeeperinterestingovernmentandcivics(公民学)．Educatorsacrossthecountryareworkingtorestorecivicseducationinschools.Civicseducationaimstoteachstudentsabouttheirrightsandresponsibilitiesascitizens.Supportersofcivicseducationsaythereisastrongneedforit.Theynotethatthisyear’spresidentialracebetweenDonaldTrumpandHillaryClintonwasmarkedbylowvoterturnout.Theyarguethatwhenkidsareengagedincivicsandpolitics，theirparentsaremorelikelytovote.Thedeclineofcivicseducationinschoolsbeganinthe1950s.Thesubjectvanishedfromclassroomsmorerapidlyinthe2000s，asschoolsshiftedtowardcoursesthatrelatedmoretotestingundertheNoChildLeftBehindActof2001.TheActwasintendedtoholdschoolsresponsiblefortheacademicprogressoftheirstudents.Lately，however，thetideseemstobeturning.Startingthisyear，Illinoisisrequiringstudentstotakeatleastonecourseinthesubjectbeforetheygraduate.Otherstates，includingCalifornia，Connecticut，andNewYork，arealsonowputtingmoreemphasisoncivicseducationintheirschools.4．Whichwillthekidgovernorbeexpectedtodowhileinoffice?A．Topromotekindness. B．Togivespeeches.C．Todonatemoney. D．Tomakepromises.5．Accordingtothepassage，whoisElenaTipton?A．ShewasthegovernoroftheStateofConnecticut.B．Sheisaneducatorinfavorofcivicseducation.C．Sheisan11－year－oldelementaryschoolpupil.D．Sheisacandidatefor“kidgovernor”thisyear.6．WhatdoestheauthorsuggestinParagraph5?A．Americanshavegreatinterestinthepresidentialrace.B．Americansshowlesspassionforgovernmentandcivics.C．Parentsaremorelikelytofollowthestepsoftheirkids.D．Restoringcivicseducationinschoolsisdifficultforeducators.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vanished”inParagraph6mean?A．originated B．changedC．differed D．disappeared[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国康乃迪克州正在进行的“少儿州长”竞选活动，并且还提到美国很多学校正在恢复公民教育课程，以期能够提高公民的参政议政意识和关心政治事务的兴趣。4．解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段最后两句“Onceinoffice，thekidgovernorwillbeexpectedtohaveaplanonhowtomakehisorhercampaignpromisesetrue.Thewinnermustalsomakepublicappearancesanddeliverspeeches”可知，少儿州长上任后要做的事情有：制订计划兑现竞选承诺，在公共场合露面并发表演讲。故答案为B。答案：B5．解析：考查推理判断。由第一段中的“inConnecticut’selementaryschools，anotherpoliticalraceisunderway”可知，少儿州长是从小学生中选出来的。再根据第三段第一句中的“Thecurrentkidgovernor,11－year－oldElenaTipton,ofEastHartford”可知ElenaTipton是现任的少儿州长，目前十一岁。综合上述内容可知ElenaTipton是一位十一岁的小学生。故选C。答案：C6．解析：考查推理判断。根据第五段第四句“Theynotethatthisyear’spresidentialracebetweenDonaldTrumpandHillaryClintonwasmarkedbylowvoterturnout”可知参加今年总统选举投票的人数很少，由此可以判断美国公民的参政议政意识和关心政治事务的热情普遍不高。故选B。答案：B7．解析：考查词义猜测。根据第五段第一句“Educatorsacrossthecountryareworkingtorestorecivicseducationinschools”可知教育者们正在为恢复公民教育课程努力。再根据第六段第一句可知，公民教育的衰落从二十世纪五十年代开始。综上可知，vanish是“消失”之意。故选D。答案：DC(2017·合肥一检)Halfoffusuallyunaffordableproducts？Only$49.99forthat$100.00dinner？That’sthemagicofGroupon，butforsomesmallbusinessownersthe“greatbusiness”offeredbyGrouponcanbeequaltothekissofdeath.Howcouldthatoccur?ThemathofGrouponseemssimpleataglance，butuponfurtherinspectionthenumbersdon’taddupwhenitestosmallerbusinesses.AGroupondealtypicallyoffersa50%discountonaproductorservice，thentheremainingprofitisdividedbetweenGrouponandthesmallbusiness.WhileGrouponhasalreadyreceivedtheprofitinadvance，themerchantisleftwaitingfortheircut.Thoseworryingnumbersareassumingthepricecutis50/50，which，insomecases，isbeinggenerous.Whenyoubreakitdowntonumbers，aGroupondealseemsdisastrous，butit’snotonlythenumberssmallbusinessownershavetoworryabout.ThepointofGroupondealsistoattractnewandhopefullylong－termcustomers.Yet，doesthisactuallyhappen？ThemajorityofconsumersbuyingtheGrouponarethereforthebargainanddon’treturnafterusingtheirGroupon.CFHSJuniorAngelitaPopestated，“IlovethedealsofferedbyGroupon！Theycanreallysaveyousomuchmoney.”However，shewentontosaythatshehadn’treturnedoncetoanyofthebusinessesafterusingherGroupon.Forsomesmallbusinesses，thepressurelieswiththeresponsesoftheirloyalcustomers，whowatchasnewfacesgetthesameproductorserviceforhalfthepricethattheyhavebeenpayingforyears.Whenyoubreakitdown，Grouponindicatesthatthebusinessofferingthedealisnotonlywillingtobeflexiblewiththeirprice，butalsothattheirproductorserviceisn’tworththepricethey’rechargingfor.Whenbiningthesefactors，it’snowonderloyalcustomersareputoffbytheideaoftheirfavoriteshopofferingGroupon.NowIbynomeanssayGrouponhasbadeffectsonallbusinesses；howeverthestormofGrouponisactuallyadisasterforasmallbusiness.8．WhatisgoodaboutGroupon?A．Itcanofferalargediscount.B．Ithelpsaddupthenumbers.C．Itcanimprovethequalityoftheproduct.D．Itbringssmallbusinessownersmoreprofit.9．CFHSJuniorAngelitaPope’sstatementsuggeststhat________.A．smallbusinessownersneedn’tworryaboutdealsB．peoplelikeusingGrouponinthesamebusinessC．thepurposeofGrouponistopromotethebusinessD．Grouponmaynotbringcustomersback10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph4referto?A．Newfaces. B．Loyalcustomers.C．Groupondealers. D．Smallbusinesses.[语篇解读]本文主要介绍了Groupon团购对小企业的影响。8．解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“AGroupondealtypicallyoffersa50%discountonaproductorservice”可知，Groupon团购的好处就是能够提供很大的折扣。答案：A9．解析：考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“ThemajorityofconsumersbuyingtheGrouponarethereforthebargainanddon’treturnafterusingtheirGroupon”可知，作者引用她的话旨在说明Groupon团购可能不会带来回头客。答案：D10．解析：考查代词指代。根据第四段中的“Forsomesmallbusinesses，thepressurelieswiththeresponsesoftheirloyalcustomers”可知，此处指那些忠诚的顾客。答案：BD(2017·山东师大附中一模)Anewstudyhasdiscoveredthatmeditation(冥想)andoxygensporttogetherreducedepression.TheRutgersUniversitystudyfoundthatthismindandbodybination，donetwiceaweekforonlytwomonths，reducedthesymptomsofagroupofstudentsby40percent.“Weareexcitedbythefindingsbecausewesawsuchameaningfulimprovementinbothclinicallydepressedandnon－depressedstudents，”saidleadauthorDr.BrandonAlderman.“Itisthefirsttimethatbothofthesetwobehavioralwayshavebeenlookedattogetherfordealingwithdepression.”Researchersbelievethetwoactivitieshaveaninteractiveeffectinbatingdepression.AldermanandDr.TraceyShorsdiscoveredthatabinationofmentalandphysicaltraining(MAP)enabledstudentswithmajordepressivedisordernottoletproblemsornegativethoughtsdefeatthem.Rutgersresearcherssaythosewhoparticipatedinthestudybeganwith30minutesoffocusedattentionmeditationfollowedby30minutesofoxygensport.Theyweretoldthatiftheirthoughtsdriftedtothepastorthefuturetheyshouldrefocusontheirbreathing，whichenabledthosewithdepressiontoacceptmoment－to－momentchangesinattention.Shors，whostudiestheproductionofnewbraincellsinthehippocampus—partofthebraininvolvedinmemoryandlearning—saysscientistshaveshowninanimalmodelsthatoxygensportexercisekeepsalargenumberofcertaincellsalive.Theideaforthehumanintervention(干预)camefromherlaboratorystudies，shesays，withthemaingoalofhelpingindividualsacquirenewskillssothattheycanlearntorecoverfromstressfullifeevents.Bylearningtofocustheirattentionandexercise，peoplewhoarefightingdepressioncanacquirenewlearningskillsthatcanhelpthemprocessinformationandreducetheoverwhelmingrecollectionofmemoriesfromthepast，Shorssays.“Weknowthesetreatmentscanbepracticedoveralifetime