定语从句学案

PAGEPAGE22014届高三语法复习学案定语从句对名词或代词进行修饰和限定作用的叫做定语，译为“……的”。定语可以由形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语等来担任。如果一个句子担任定语，这个句子就叫________。而被修饰的词就叫_______词。定语从句放在所修饰词(即先行词)之_____，由关系代词和关系副词引导。定语从句可以修饰_____词或______词，还能修饰______________。Eg1.ThemanwhocamefirstisJohn.2.Thehandkerchiefwhichyougavemewasn’tclean.3.Myfatherdoesmorningexerciseeveryday,whichisgoodforhishealth.注意：1.定语从句的引导词代替先行词在定语从句中作成分。2.定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。从结构上看，限定性定语从句写时不用逗号分开。非限定性定语从句往往用逗号和主句分开。考点一：关系代词的选择1.指人用who,that,whom(宾格),whose(谁的)指物用which,that,whose(谁的)Eg.⑴Ourmonitorisaboy___________________________________(戴着一副厚厚的眼镜)。(wear)⑵Ourmonitorisaboy______________________(我们英语老师要他)tostandupjustnow.(ask)总结：定语从句的引导词代替先行词在定语从句中作成分。如果定语从句的引导词代替先行词在定语从句中作________这个引导词可以省略。⑶Thehouse_______________(他付了)alargesumofmoneyforlastyearisnowworthtwiceasmuch.(pay)(4)Thehouse________________(他付了)alargesumofmoneylastyearisnowworthtwiceasmuch.(pay)总结：如果定语从句的引导词代替先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语，这个介词可以放到引导词________。此时这个引导词不能省略。常见结构为________________或_________________。(5)Theoldtemple____________________(它的屋顶)wasdamagedinstormisnowunderrepair.总结：whose+n.=_______________________=______________________.=________________________=______________________关系代词that与which的用法区别只用that，不用which的情况⑴先行词为不定代词，如_______________________________________________________等。Eg.Isthereanything______Icandoforyou?Everything______canbedonehasbeendone.Hehasgotall________heneeds.注意：what前无先行词，译为“…所”不定代词+that=what⑵先行词被_____________________________________________等词修饰时，只能用that引导。Eg.Theonlything________Icandoistohavearest.Youcanborrowanybook________youwanttoread.⑶先行词有_______________________________时Eg.Thisisthebestfilm________Ihaveeverseen.Thefirstplace______theyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.⑷先行词__________________________时，只用that。E.g.Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthings___________theycouldremember.考点二：关系副词的选择(when,where,why)Thisistheschool_________westudyeveryyear.//Thisistheschool______wevisitedyesterday.Istillremembertheday_________ishisbirthday.//Ineverforgettheday________hedied.Idon’tknowthereason_______hedidn'tcome.//Thereason______hegaveforbeinglateisabsurd.总结：如果代替先行词作主语或宾语，定语从句关系词用______/______.如果代替先行词作地点/时间/原因状语则用________.when=介词+which；where=介词+which;why=for+which考点三：as/which1.as与which引导定语从句都能指代整句内容,as位置较灵活可放在句首句中及句末,意为“正如、恰如”。一般as放在句首指代逗号后的整个句子，而which只能放在逗号后指代逗号前的整个内容，译为“这，这个…”Eg.⑴____________(正如我们所知道的)，ourschoolwillholdasportsmeetingthismonth.(know)⑵Ourschoolwillholdasportsmeetingthismonth,______________(这个我们都知道).(know)⑶_________(如往常一样),Mikewaslateagainandmadeupanexcusetofooltheboss.(case)2.as引导限定性定语从句先行词常被thesame,such,so修饰，即构成：_____________________.考点四：一些特殊词之后的wherewhere引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。1.I’vecometothepoint___________Ican’tstandhim.Thecountryisinthesituation____________awarwillbreakoutatanytime.总结：如果定语从句分别修饰_______________________________等表示抽象意义的词,常用where引导,意思是“到了某种地步,在某种境况中”。考点五：theway用做先行词1.Theway_________________heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.Theway_________________heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.总结：_______________________________________________________.考点六：定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的形式根据句子_______来确定，即先行词为单数，从句谓语动词为______数，先行词为复数，从句谓语动词为_______数。1.Iwho____________(be)astudentmuststudyhard.2.T