备考2025届高考英语一轮复习考点通关第二部分学透语法基础词法篇专题二名词形容词和副词数词考点二形容词和副词

考点二形容词和副词一、形容词及副词的基本用法及转换1.形容词的基本用法用法示例形容词作定语，修饰名词awhitedog形容词在系动词之后，作表语IamafraidIcan’tgowithyou.形容词作宾补Thesmellofflowersmakesmerelaxed.形容词作状语，表示状态，逻辑主语为句子主语Surprisedandhappy，Tonystoodupandacceptedtheprize.[2024新高考Ⅰ，56]Xiaolongbao（soupdumplings），thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappersencasinghot，tasty（taste）soupandsweet，freshmeat，arefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.[2024新高考Ⅱ，58]Onthedayoftheaccident，Mrs.BrownwasatworkandEricwasathomewithhisfather.Theybothfellasleep（sleep）whilewatchingTV.Fromnewsarticlesandrecipestoyogaclasses，youcanfindalmosteverythingontheInternet.Manypeoplefindthiswayoflifemoreconvenient（convenience）.Afterthelongvoyage，theyarrivedhome，hungry（hunger）andthirsty.2.形容词＋-ly变副词的规则状况变更规则例词一般状况在词尾加-lykind→kindlyimmediate→immediately以-y结尾的双音节、多音节形容词把-y改为-i，再加-lyangry→angrilyeasy→easily以-y结尾的单音节形容词在词尾加-lyshy→shylydry→dryly以-le结尾去-e加-ypossible→possiblysimple→simplycomfortable→comfortably（例外：whole→wholly）以"元音字母＋-e"结尾去-e加-lytrue→trulydue→duly以-ic结尾在词尾加-allybasic→basicallyenergetic→energetically（例外：public→publicly）以-ll结尾在词尾加-yfull→fullydull→dully3.副词的基本用法副词通常作状语，主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或者整个句子，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。位置比较灵敏，但enough作副词修饰形容词或副词时，需置于形容词或副词之后。[2024新高考Ⅱ，60]Whenhelookeddown，heaccidentally（accidental）slippedandfellovertheedge.[2024全国Ⅰ，62]Landingonthemoon’sfarsideisextremely（extreme）challenging.Strangely（strange）enough，somefamousscientistshavethequalitiesofbothbeingcarefulandbeingcareless.Walkingatthepaceof4mphburnsaround300caloriesperhour.Consequently（consequent），powerwalking，inadditiontoahealthydiet，helpsmanageyourweight.二、形容词和副词的比较等级1.规则变更规则例词单音节词和部分双音节词一般干脆加-er和-estfast→faster→fastestnarrow→narrower→narrowest以-e结尾的单音节词干脆加-r和-stlate→later→latestwide→wider→widest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写辅音字母，再加-er和-esthot→hotter→hottestthin→thinner→thinnestbig→bigger→biggest以"辅音字母＋-y"结尾的词，变-y为-i再加-er和-esthappy→happier→happiesteasy→easier→easiest其他双音节词和多音节词在前面加more和mostcareful→morecareful→mostcarefuleasily→moreeasily→mosteasily2.不规则变更原级比较级最高级good，wellbetterbestbadworseworstmany，muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther（仅指时间、空间距离）farthest（仅指时间、空间距离）further（指时间、空间距离或程度）furthest（指时间、空间距离或程度）oldolder（指年龄或新旧）oldest（指年龄或新旧）elder（指年纪较长的）eldest（指年龄最大的）3.原级比较asTheriverisasdeepas10meters.这条河深达10米。Alionisjustasdangerousandfierceananimalasatiger.狮子是和老虎一样紧急且凶残的动物。Actually，thebuildinglookedasimpressive（impression）asitdidinphotographs.4.比较级①常见的比较级的修饰语有：much，far，alittle/abit，alot/agreatdeal，rather，even，still等。[2024浙江1月，62]Theirsiheyuanwerefarsmallerinscaleandsimpler（simple）indesignanddecoration，andthehutongswerenarrower.②比较级的常见结构及意义：常见结构意义A＋be＋形容词/副词比较级＋than＋BA比B……A＋be＋less＋形容词/副词＋than＋BA不及B……（表示否定比较）A＋be＋no＋比较级＋than＋BA和B一样不……A＋be＋not＋比较级＋than＋BA不及B……（表示否定比较）比较级＋and＋比较级越来越……moreandmore＋多音节词/部分双音节词原级the＋比较级（...），the＋比较级（...）越……越……the＋比较级＋ofthetwo＋名词复数两者中较……的那个Thedeeperyoudive，thelower（low）thetemperaturebecomes.Ofthetwocoats，I’dchoosethecheaper（cheap）onetosparesomemoneyforabook.③"not/never/nothing等否定词＋形容词比较级（＋than...）"表示最高级意义。Ihaveneverreadabetterbookthanthis.（＝ThisisthebestbookIhaveeverread.）我从未读过比这本更好的书。Icanthinkofnothingbetterthananicecoldbeeronahotsummerafternoon.在燥热的夏日午后，我想不出比一杯可口的冰啤更好的东西了。5.最高级①常见的最高级的修饰语有：位于the之前的byfar，nearly，almost，bynomeans，really，quite等以及位于the与最高级之间的序数词等。Idon’tthinkthisfilmisbyfarthemostboring.我认为这部电影不是最无聊的。②最高级的常见结构：the[2024全国Ⅲ，62]Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait（画像）donesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheirfinest（fine）work，sothathecouldchoosethebest.三、倍数表达法倍数Thisstarisabsolutelyhuge.It’s100timesbigger（big）thanthesunandthousandsoftimesbrighter（bright）.Thepoolstretches150metres，threetimesthelength（long）ofastandardOlympicswimmingpool.四、易混副词辨析：同根副词加-ly和不加-ly有些副词有两种形式：一种与形容词同形，多表详细意义；另一种是"形容词＋-ly"构成的副词，多表抽象、引申意义。它们有时含义相同或略有不同，有时则完全不同。常见的这类易出错的副词有：词汇含义例句closeclosely接近地Theylivequiteclose.亲密地；细致地Thetwoeventsarecloselyconnected.hardhardly努力地Heworkedhardtosucceed.几乎不Hehardlyevergoestobedbeforemidnight.latelately晚，迟Istayeduplatelastnight.最近，不久前It’sonlylatelythatshe’sbeenwellenoughtogoout.mostmostly最；极其，特别Itwasmostkindofyoutomeetme.通常，主要地We’remostlyoutatweekends.widewidely充分地Thedoorwaswideopen.广泛地Themethodiswidelyused.deepdeeply在深处Theminersweretrappeddeepunderground.深刻地；特别，极其Don’tbenervous！Liedownandbreathedeeply.Helovedhisyoungerbrotherdeeply.highhighly在高处，高Hisdeskwaspiledhighwithpapers.高标准地；特别；赞许地Hespokehighlyofthenovel.Acupuncture（针灸）andmoxibustion（艾灸）havebeenwidely（wide）practicedinChinaforthousandsofyears.1.Eventoday，nomatterwhereChinesepeopleliveorwhatdialecttheyspeak，theycanallstillcommunicateeasily（easy）inwriting.2.Also，coffeedrunkonanemptystomachisnotrecommendedbecauseitcanbeharmful（harm）toyourbody.3.Therefore，aftergraduatingfromuniversity，Idecidedtoachievesomethingmorebeneficial（benefit）thatwouldhelpthewidercommunity.4.WhentheSpanishsetouttoexploretheregion，theyhopedtofindlandasvaluable（value）aswhattheyhadfoundearlier