Unit+4+Space+Exploration+单元知识点复习 高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

Unit4Space:TheFinalFrontierWordsandExpressions1._______adj.精神的；思想的→_________adv.精神上；思想上mentalmentally2.__________adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→___________adv.聪明地；明智地intelligentintelligently3.________n.宇宙；天地万物→_________adj.宇宙的；全世界的；普通的universeuniversal4.__________vt.查明；确定；决定→___________adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→_____________n.决心determinedetermineddetermination5.____________adj.失望的；

沮丧的→__________vt.使失望；

使破灭→______________n.失望disappointeddisappointdisappointment6._____________n.独立→_______v.依靠；依赖→___________n.依靠；依赖→___________adj.独立的；自立的→_____________adv.独立地；自立地independencedependdependenceindependentindependently词性转换（导学案P95）构词规律adj.+-ly→adv.v.+-ed→adj.mental→mentally

精神上；思想上intelligent→intelligently

聪明地；明智地independent→independently

独立地；自立地determine→determined

有决心的；

意志坚定的improve→improved改良的；改进的develop→developed

发达的；成熟的1.be

curious______对……感到好奇about2.carry____继续做；坚持干on3.____board

在船上；在飞机上；在宇宙飞船上on4.___the

hope

of

doing

sth抱着……的希望in短语背诵1.

mental

adj.精神的；思想的

mentally

adv.心理上地；精神上地mental

health/illness/problems心理健康/疾病/问题physical

and

mental

health身心健康（导学案P97）2.

intelligent

adj.有智慧的；聪明的

intelligence

n.智力；才智；

intelligently

adv.聪明地；明智地

be

intelligent

to

do

sth

做某事是明智的intelligence

quotient

（IQ）智商（导学案P98）3.

be

curious

about

对……感到好奇be

curious

to

do

sth

极想做某事out

of

curiosity

出于好奇meet/satisfy

one's

curiosity

满足某人的好奇心（导学案P98）curious

adj.好奇的；求知欲强的；稀奇的；不寻常的curiosity

n.好奇心curiously

adv.好奇地融会应用

单句填空（1）They

were

very

curious______the

people

who

lived

upstairs.about（2）Many

men

have

been

attracted

by

the

unknown

world

and

curious_________（know）

more

about

the

outer

space.to

know（3）The

children

are

dying

of_________（curious）to

see

what's

in

the

parcel.curiosity（4）The

girl

looked

at

him_________（curious）

from

time

to

time.curiously4.

be

related

to与……有联系relate...

to/with...

把……与……联系起来relate

to...

涉及；与……相关其他表示“与……有关”的短语有:have

something

to

do

with、be

involved

in、be

connected

with和in

connection

with等。relate

vt.使有联系；联系；讲述；叙述related

adj.相关的；有关系的relation

n.关系；亲属relationship

n.（人际）关系（导学案P99）融会应用

单句填空（1）The

discussion

to

be

held

tomorrow

is

related___the

incident.to（2）If

you

are

asked______（relate）questions，you

must

not

tell

them.related（3）We

try

to

improve

the_________（relate）between

our

two

countries.relations5.

determined

adj.有决心的；意志坚定的

determine

vt.决定；查明；确定

determination

n.决定；决心；果断（导学案P102）determine

on/upon

决定determine

to

do

sth

决定做某事be

determined

to

do

sth

决心做某事determine

to

do

sth表示动作，为非延续性动词短语，不可与表示时间段的状语连用；be

determined

to

do

sth表示状态，可与表示时间段的状语连用。同义词：decidev.decisionn.融会应用Ⅰ.单句填空（1）We

were

determined_______（win）

the

game.to

win（2）I

have

determined________spending

my

holiday

at

home.on/upon（3）She

has

the_____________（determine）

to

overcome

all

the

obstacles

to

success.determination['ɒbstəklz]n.障碍6.

launch

n.&

vt.

发射；发起；上市the

launch

of...

……的发布；……的开展launch

into

（热情地）开始做；

积极投入launch

out

开始从事；投身于（新的事业）注意launch在句子语境中的词性和词义Thismorning's

launchofthespaceshuttleColumbiahasbeendelayed.Thecompanyresearchedthemarketdemandanddecidedtolaunchtheirnewproduct.Theylaunchedaviolentattackontheenemyatdawn.（导学案P103）7.

transmit

vt.&

vi.（transmitted，transmitted）传输；发送

transmission

n.传播；发射

transmitter

n.发射台；传播者transmit

sth

（from...）

to...

把某物（从……）传到……（导学案P103）融会应用

单句填空（1）The

message

was

transmitted______a

radio

station

to

audience.from8.

disappointed

adj.失望的；沮丧的

disappointing

adj.令人失望的

disappointment

n.失望；沮丧；令人失望的事（或人）be

disappointed

at/in/with

sth

因（听到/看到）某事感到失望；对…失望be

disappointed

to

do

sth

对做某事感到失望to

one's

disappointment

令某人失望的是（导学案P103）融会应用

单句填空（1）Your

work

is_____________（disappoint）.disappointing（2）We

are

much

disappointed_________the

speech.at/in/with（3）To

my

great______________（disappoint），the

council

refused

to

consider

my

proposal.disappointment（4）There

were

many

people

waiting

at

the

bus

stop，

and

some

of

them

looked

very

anxious

and____________（disappoint）.disappointed9.

desire

n.渴望；欲望

vt.渴望；期望

desirable

adj.令人向往的；值得拥有的（导学案P104）have

a

strong

desire

to

do

sth

迫切想要做某事have

a

strong

desire

for

sth

迫切想得到某物desire

to

do

sth

渴望做某事desire

sb

to

do

sth

想要某人做某事desire

that...（should）

do

sth

渴望……desire不用于进行时态。意为“期望”时，后接宾语从句，宾语从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。另外，含desire的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。融会应用Ⅰ.单句填空（1）Anyone________（desire）

to

vote

must

come

to

the

meeting.desiring（2）It

is

obvious

that

they

have

no

desire____peace.for（3）The

medicine

did

not

achieve

the_______（desire）

effect.desiredⅡ.一句多译他渴望赢得这场比赛。（4）He______________the

game.desired

to

win（5）He___________________the

game.had

a

desire

to

win（6）He_____________________________the

game.desired

that

he（should）win9.

signal

vt.&

vi.标志着；标明；发信号

n.信号；标志signal（to）sb

to

do

sth

向某人发出做某事的信号；示意某人做某事signal

sth

to

sb

向某人示意某事signal

（to

sb）

that

示意（某人）……make/give

a

signal

发信号traffic

signals

交通信号灯（导学案P105）融会应用Ⅰ.单句填空（1）When

you

come

across

the

crossing，you

should

pay

attention

to

the

traffic_______（signal）.signals（2）He

signalled

to

us_______（join）

him.to

join（3）She

made___signal

with

her

arm

for

a

left

turn.a10.

carry

on

继续做；坚持干carry

on

with

sth=go

on

with

sth

继续某事carry

on

doing

sth=go

on

doing

sth

继续做某事carry

through

帮助……渡过难关；成功完成carry

out

执行；履行；实现；贯彻carry

off

赢得；获得（导学案P105）融会应用

用carry的相关短语填空（1）It's

a

difficult

job

but

she's

the

person

to______it________.carrythrough（2）He___________most

of

prizes

in

the

Olympic

Games.carried

off（3）Let's_________talking

about

our

plan

for

the

winter

holidays.carry

on（4）When

the

plan

was___________，

they

met

with

a

lot

of

difficulties.carried

out（1）动词-ing

形式作状语可以表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果、方式、伴随等，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语保持一致，且动词-ing形式与句中主语为逻辑上的主谓关系。（2）当动词-ing

形式的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前时，要用动词-ing形式的完成时

having

done。Having

finished

her

homework，the

little

girl

began

to

watch

TV.做完作业后，这个小女孩开始看电视。（3）作状语的动词-ing

形式相当于一个状语从句。11.

动词-ing

形式作伴随状语（导学案P106）融会应用

用动词-ing

形式作状语改写以下句子（1）He

lay

on

the

grass，and

stared

at

the

sky

for

a

long

time.→He

lay

on

the

grass，_________________for

a

long

time.staring

at

the

sky（2）His

father

died，and

left

him

a

lot

of

money.→His

father

died，__________________________.leaving

him

a

lot

of

money（3）Although

they

knew

all

this，they

made

me

pay

for

the

damage.→________________，they

made

me

pay

for

the

damage.Knowing

all

this12.“This

is

because...”“这是因为……”。“This

is

why...”“这就是……的原因”；“The

reason

why

...is

that

...”

“……的原因是……”。这三者可以相互转化。We

should

live

in

harmony

with

each

other.This

is

because

we

all

live

on

the

same

Earth.→We

all

live

on

the

same

Earth.This

is

why

we

should

live

in

harmony

with

each

other.→The

reason

why

we

should

live

in

harmony

with

each

other

is

that

we

all

live

on

the

same

Earth.我们应该和睦相处。这是因为我们都生活在同一个地球上。（导学案P106）融会应用Ⅱ.同义句转换（3）Tom

came

late

for

the

meeting.

This

was

because

he

was

ill.→Tom

was

ill.________________________________________.→______________________________________________________he

was

ill.This

was

why

he

came

late

for

the

meetingThe

reason

why

Tom

came

late

for

the

meeting

was

that13.

not

only...but

also...（导学案P107）“not

only...but

also...”“不仅……而且……”，not

only只能连用，

而but

also既可以连用也可以分开用，有时also可以省掉。“not

only...

but

also...”连接两个句子时，not

only可以位于句首，这时句子要用部分倒装结构，遵循的原则是“前倒后不倒”。当连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。遵循就近原则的还有or、

nor、

either...or...、

neither...nor...、

there

be句式等。融会应用

句型转换（1）He

grows

vegetables

as

well

as

flowers.→He

grows_________flowers________vegetables.not

onlybut

also（2）She

not

only

speaks

Spanish，but

she

also

knows

how

to

type.→______________she

speak

Spanish，but

she

also

knows

how

to

type.（倒装）Not

only

does（3）Not

only

you

but

he

is

wrong.→Not

only

he

but

also

you____wrong.are14.

lack

v.&

n.缺少

lacking

adj.短缺的；缺乏的for

lack

of...

由于缺少……lack

in...

在……方面缺乏/不足lack

for...

缺少……（多用于否定句）a

lack

of...

缺少……have

no

lack

of...

不缺乏……be

lacking

in...

缺少……（导学案P109）lack作及物动词时不能用于被动语态，也不用于进行时；作不及物动词时，常接介词for或in；作名词时，常接介词of。形容词lacking常与介词in连用。融会应用

单句填空（1）What

is_______（lack）today

is

the

conflict

between

adolescents'

desire

for

autonomy

and

their

understanding

of

an

unsafe

world.lacking（2）Despite

his

lack___experience，he

got

the

job.of（3）The

green

hand

is

lacking___practical

experience.in15.

keen

adj.热衷的；渴望的；强烈的；灵敏的be

keen

on

（doing）

sth

对（做）某事着迷；热衷于（做）某事；渴望（做）某事be

keen

to

do

sth

渴望做某事be

keen

that...

渴望……（导学案P110）表示“渴望……”的短语有：wish

for

sthhope

for

sthbe

dying

for

sthlong

to

do

sth/for

sthdesire

to

do

sth/for

sthbe

anxious

to

do

sth/for

sthbe

eager

to

do

sth/for

sth融会应用

单句填空（1）Dolly

wants

to

cycle

round

the

world

and

she

is

really

keen____the

idea.on（2）—I

have

heard

that

you

are

keen

on________（draw），

right？—Far

from

it.

It's

the

last

thing

I'd

like

to

do

in

my

free

time.drawing（3）Are

you

keen________（share）

your

views

and

have

your

articles

published

in

the

campus

newspaper？to

share16.

argue

vi.&

vt.论证；争辩；争论

argument

n.论证；论据；争吵argue

with

sb

同某人争论argue

（with

sb）

over/about

sth就某事（与某人）争论或辩论argue

for/against

赞成/不赞成argue

sb

into/out

of

doing

sth说服某人做/不做某事（导学案P115）表示“说服某人做某事”的短语有talk

sb

into

doing

sth、reason

sb

into

doing

sth、persuade

sb

into

doing

sth、persuade

sb

to

do

sth、

convince

sb

to

do

sth等。融会应用

用适当的介词填空The

workers，who

argued

（1）____their

own

rights，argued

（2）_____the

boss

for

a

few

days，but

failed

to

argue

him

（3）_____giving

them

a

rise

in

wages.forwithinto17.

provide

v.提供；供给；配备

（导学案P115）融会应用

一句多译她把座位让给我，真有礼貌。（1）It

was

polite

of

her

to

supply________________.me

with

her

seat（2）It

was

polite

of

her

to

provide_______________.her

seat

for

me（3）It

was

polite

of

her

to

offer____________.me

her

seat18.

attach

vt.附上；系上；认为有重要性；重视

attachment

n.附件；喜爱；连接attach

importance/significance/value/weight

to...

（to是介词）认为……有重要性/意义/价值/分量attach

oneself

to

sb

和某人在一起；缠着某人；依恋；依附attach

to

sb/sth

（使）与某人/某事有联系/关联be

attached

to

附属于；依恋；喜爱（导学案P116）融会应用

单句填空（1）We

attach

importance

to________（build）

up

long

business

with

customers.building（2）This

scientist

is

also________（attach）

to

the

old

painting.attached（3）Please

attach

these

labels___your

hand

luggage.to19.

result

in导致；造成result

from

因……产生；由……造成as

a

result

of

作为……的结果；由于……as

a

result所以；结果（是）as

a

result意为“因此；结果（是）”，后面接表示结果的句子，as

a

result

of意为“作为……的结果；由于……”，后面的部分表示原因。（导学案P116）融会应用

根据提示完成小短文

Toby

didn't

sleep

well

last

night.（1）______________（由于）lack

of

sleep，he

felt

quite

sleepy

while

driving.

His

careless

driving

（2）___________（造成）

a

terrible

accident.（3）___________（结果），a

happy

family

lost

their

son.

Therefore，one

must

be

very

careful

while

driving，for

accidents

mostly

（4）___________（由……造成）

being

absent-minded.As

a

result

ofresulted

inAs

a

resultresult

from18.

so

as

to为了；以便（导学案P117）只有当动词不定式的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致时，才能用in

order

to或so

as

to作目的状语，否则改用so

that或in

order

that引导目的状语从句。eg:She

has

turned

down

several

invitations

to

star

at

shows

in

order

to/so

as

to

concentrate

on

her

studies.为了集中精力学习，她已拒绝了几个参加演出的邀请。eg:Then

lay

the

tube

in

place

so

that/in

order

that

one

end

rests

all

the

way

in

the

cup

and

the

rest

of

the

line

runs

up—and

out—the

side

of

the

hole.然后把管子放在适当的位置，这样（管子的）一端就可以固定在杯子里，另一端就可以抬高，伸出洞的边缘。融会应用

同义句转换（1）In

order

that

you

can

keep

energetic，you

should

exercise

more.→You

should

exercise

more__________________________________.so

as

to

/

in

order

to

keep

energetic（2）He

quickened

his

pace

so

as

to

catch

the

bus.→He

quickened

his

pace_________________________________________.so

that/

in

order

that

he

could

catch

the

bus19.

run

out用完；耗尽run

out

of

用完；用光；用尽give

out

耗尽；筋疲力尽use

up

用完；耗尽run

across

偶然遇