新教材2024高考英语二轮专题复习专题通关必测热点话题一关注科技创新

eq\a\vs4\al(层级一)感悟价值引领，瞄准学科前沿热点话题一关注科技创新Ⅰ.阅读理解A[2024·衡水中学高三下学期一调]Thedeep­seaoilandgasindustryhasvastandcostlyfacilitiestomaintain.Wells,otherequipment,andthousandsofkilometersofpipelinesmustbeinspectedandrepaired.Now,cutting­edgeunderwaterdrones(无人机)androbotsarebeingdevelopedthatcouldmaketheworksaferandcheaper.AmongthemisEelume,asix­meter­long,snake­likerobotequippedwithsensorsandacameraateachend.Itcanbekeptatastationatdepthsofuptohalfakilometerforsixmonths,withoutbeingbroughtbacktothesurface.Therobotcantravelupto20kilometersbeforeneedingtoreturntoitsstationtorecharge.Maintenanceworkatmanydeep­waterwellsandpipelinesystemsisalreadycarriedoutbyunmannedvehicles.Butthesevehiclestypicallyneedtobetransportedtotheoffshoresiteonafullycrewedshipandthenremotelyoperatedfromtheonboardsurfaceship.Thatcancostupto$100，000perday,accordingtoPålLiljebäck,chieftechnologyofficerwithEelumeSubseaIntervention,whichdevelopedtherobot.Liljebäcksaysthatby“enablingtherobottobecomeasubsearesidentlivingatastation,itcanbemobilizedatanytimetodoinspections,therebyreducingtheneedforcostlysurfaceships”．Eelumecanworkautonomouslyontasksassignedfromacontrolroomonshore,andsendbackvideoanddata.Itssnake­likedesignallowsittoworkinsmallspacesandwriggle(扭动)itsbodytostayinplaceinstrongcurrents.Bystayingunderthesea,itcancarryouttaskswhatevertheconditionsonthesurfaceoftheocean.Theglobalunderwaterroboticsmarketisexpectedtobewortharound$7billionin2025,accordingtoanalysts,andothercompaniesareintheprocessofcommercializingnewdeep­seadroneandrobottechnology.EelumeSubseaInterventionwillcarryoutfinaltestingontheseabedlaterthisyearattheÅsgardoilandgasfield.Itexpectstoputitsfirstsnakerobotsintousenextyearandhopestohaveupto50inoceansaroundtheworldby2027.1．WhatisonefeatureofEelume?A．Itcantravelnearly40kilometersbeforerecharging.B．Itcandiveasdeepas500meters.C．Itworksmainlyaroundthestation.D．Itworksfor6monthsononecharge.2．Whatistheproblemwithunmannedvehicles?A．Theyaretoocostlytomaintain.B．Theyarehardtooperateremotely.C．Theyrequiretransportationtoandfromwork.D．Theyhavetoworkonafullycrewedshipallthetime.3．WhatcanbeexpectedofEelumeinthefuture?A．Itwillrequirenofurthertests.B．Itwillbewortharound$7billion.C．Itwillbeputonthemarketin2027.D．Itwillfacealotofcompetitors.4．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Asnakerobotisonitswayforunderwatertasks.B．Eelumeisthenewchoiceforconstructingpipelines.C．Maintenanceworkontheoceanfloorisariskyjob.D．Unmannedvehiclesmarketinghasseenstronggrowth.B[湖北省高三调研]DoctorsattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,intheUS,havedevelopedapieceofsoftwarethatcanreadminds.Theproject,supportedbyFacebook,hopestohelppeoplewho,becauseofmedicalconditions,areunabletocommunicatewithothers.Untilnow,technologiesthathavehelpedspeech­impaired(语言障碍)peoplecommunicatehavebeentooslowtoallowanaturalconversation.Peoplefindthesethingsupsettingtouse.Thisnewwayusesbrainsignalstochangeaperson'sthoughtsintotext.Whenwewanttospeak,thebrainsendssignalstomakethelips,jawandtonguemoveintherightwaytomakeanunderstandablesound.Bydiscoveringthesebrainsignals,thenewsoftwareisabletopredictwhatapersonwanttosayquicklyenoughtoholdaconversation.Thebrain­readingsoftwarewastestedonthreevolunteerswhocouldallspeaklikehealthypeople.Theywerebeingtreatedforepilepsy(癫痫).Aspartoftheirtreatmentforepilepsy,eachpatienthadelectrodes(电极)placedontotheirbrain.EdwardChang,wholedthestudy,usedtheseelectrodestorecordthesignalsinthepatients'brainswhiletheylistenedtoalistofquestionsandansweredthem.Changandhisteamthenbuiltacomputerprogramthatlearnedtomatchthepatients'brainsignalstothewordsthepatientsheardandthewordsthepatientsspoke.Forthequestions,thesoftwarematchedthecorrectwords76%ofthetime.Fortheanswers,itmatchedthecorrectwords61%ofthetime.Now,themind­readingsoftwareworksonlyforthelimitedsetofsentencesonwhichitwastrained.Scientistshopethatthisearlysystemwillhelpthemdevelopamorepowerfulonethatcouldunderstandthoughtsinrealtimetogivepeopletheirvoicesback.Changsaid,“Weasscientistsshouldtryourbesttohelppeopletobringthatmostimportantandbasichumanabilityback.”5．Whatisthedisadvantageofprevioustechnologies?A．Theycouldn'treadpeople'smindscorrectly.B．Theycouldn'tmakecommunicationunderstandable.C．Theycouldn'tservethepurposeofnaturalconversation.D．Theycouldn'tletmedicalconditionschangeforthebetter.6．Howdoesthesoftwarehelppeople?A．Bychangingpeople'smindintotext.B．Bysendingsignalstotheirlips.C．Byorganizingconversationsforthem.D．Bytrainingthemhowtospeak.7．Whatcanweknowaboutthemind­readingsoftwareaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Ithasbeenusedonawidescale.B．Ithasrestoredthebasichumanability.C．Itstillhasplentyofroomforimprovement.D．Ithasenhancedhumanreal­timeconversation.8．Whatistheattitudeoftheauthortowardsthemind­readingsoftware?A．Favorable.B．Objective.C．Intolerant.D．Doubtful.[答题区]题号12345678答案Ⅱ.七选五[2024·山东省潍坊市四县模拟]Inthelastdecade,wewitnessedarapidgrowthofwearabledevices—smallelectronicdevicesthatarewornorcarriedonthehumanbody.__1__Nodoubt,wearabledevicesarethenextfrontierforpersonalizedhealthcare.Wearabledevicesarepopularlyusedinhealthcare,navigationsystems,andtextiles.However,wearabledevicesinhealthcarehavereceivedthehighestattention.__2__Thesedevicescaneasilytrackheartrate,caloriesburned,stepcounts,bloodpressure,thereleaseofbiochemicalandexercisetime.Wearabledevicesshowmeaningfulinsightstoliveourlivescomfortably.Theyarevaluabletomonitorphysicalhealthandphysicaltrainingalongwithalertingtoseveremedicalconditions.Wearabledevicesaresoonexpectedtoforecastchangesinhealth,mood,andstressaswellasathleticperformance,heartcondition,andage­relateddiseases.Nodoubtwearabledevicesaddcomfortandconveniencetoourlivesbuttheyposethreatstoourlives.Withtherapidgrowthofwearabledevices,healthrisks,privacyandsecurityarekeyconcerns.__3__Weshouldalsodevelopthenecessarymeanstodealwithittolessenthreats.Wearabledevicescollectdataonourwrists,ankles,foot,andotherbodypartsandstorethisdatainacentralizedsystem.__4__Privacypolicyrelatedtodatamanagementisunclearasthepolicyguidelinesofthedevicecompaniesstatethatdatawillnotbesoldtothirdpartiesbutalsostatethatdatamaybesharedwithbusinesspartnerstoimproveserviceexperiences.Wearabledevicesinspirehealthierlifestyles.Theyhavechangedpersonalhealthcaremanagement.Aswearabledevicesarebecomingincreasinglysophisticated(成熟)daybyday，theywillprovidemorepersonalhealthcare.However,theybringsomethreatstoourpersonaldata.__5__A．Hence,itiscrucialtorecognizetheirdarkside.B.Thedevelopmentoftechnologymakesitaffordable.C．Wearabledevicesarepopularlyusedtomonitorhealth.D．Wearabledevicesaregrowinglyusedintheworkplace.E．Theycansense,collect,anduploadphysiologicaldatatoimproveourlives.F．Usersofwearabledevicesdonotknowhowthisdataisstoredandmanaged.G.Nevertheless,wearabledevicesaresignificanttomanageourpersonalhealthcare.[答题区]1．________2.________3.________4．________5.________Ⅲ.语法填空[2024·泉州市中学质量监测]SpaceStationRiceTestsShowPromiseChineseastronautshavesuccessfullygrownriceseedlings(幼苗)onboardtheTiangongspacestation.Therehavebeenotherrice__1__(experiment)inspace.ButtheonebeingconductedonTiangongisthefirstof__2__(it)kindthataimstoproducethecompletelifecycleoftheplant,whichbeginswithaseedandendswith__3__matureplantproducingnewseeds.ChinalaunchedtheWentianspacelaboratoryintoorbitonJuly24.Thespacelab,whichweighs23metrictonsandis17.9meterstall,isthecountry's__4__(large)spacecrafttodate.Onboard__5__(be)eightexperimentalpayloads,includingtheoneforthericeexperiment.“Wewanttoinvestigatehowmicrogravityaffectstheplantfloweringtimeonthemolecular(分子的)level__6__whetheritispossibletousethemicrogravityenvironment__7__(control)therelatedprocess，”saidZhengHuiqiong,aresearcherattheChineseAcademyofSciences.Floweringisa__8__(vital)importantstageforplantreproductivedevelopment.“IfwewanttolandonandexploreMars,food__9__(bring)fromEarthisnotenoughfortheastronauts'longjourneyandmissioninspace.Wehavetofindasustainablefoodsource__10__long­termspaceexplorations，”Zhengsaid.[答题区]1.________2.________3.________4.________5.________6.________7.________8.________9.________10．________

热点话题一关注科技创新Ⅰ.阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍探讨人员正在研发一款蛇形机器人，用于深海石油和自然气开采设备的维护。1．答案与解析：A微小环节理解题。依据其次段的“Itcanbekeptatastationatdepthsofuptohalfakilometerforsixmonths,withoutbeingbroughtbacktothesurface.Therobotcantravelupto20kilometersbeforeneedingtoreturntoitsstationtorecharge.”可知，它在再次充电前可以运行大约40公里。2．答案与解析：C微小环节理解题。依据第三段中的“Butthesevehiclestypicallyneedtobetransportedtotheoffshoresiteonafullycrewedshipandthenremotelyoperatedfromonboardthesurfaceship.”可知，这些无人设备须要被运输到作业现场。3．答案与解析：D推理推断题。依据最终一段中的“andothercompaniesareintheprocessofcommercializingnewdeep­seadroneandrobottechnology.”推知，Eelume将面临许多的竞争对手。4．答案与解析：A主旨大意题。依据文章的主要内容，尤其其次段的“Now,cutting­edgeunderwaterdrones(无人机)androbotsarebeingdevelopedthatcouldmaketheworksaferandcheaper.AmongthemisEelume,asix­meter­long,snake­likerobotequippedwithsensorsandacameraateachend.”可知，本文介绍探讨人员正在研发一款蛇形机器人，用于深海石油和自然气开采设备的维护，即一款在水下执行任务的蛇形机器人。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。科学家尝试独创可以“读懂”人类思想的软件，希望可以帮助因患病而无法说话的人们。5．答案与解析：C微小环节理解题。依据其次段中的“Untilnow,technologiesthathavehelpedspeech­impaired(语言障碍)peoplecommunicatehavebeentooslowtoallowanaturalconversation.”可知，以前的技术的缺点是它们不能达到自然对话的目的。故选C。6．答案与解析：A微小环节理解题。依据其次段中的“Thisnewwayusesbrainsignalstochangeaperson'sthoughtsintotext.”可知，这个软件通过用脑部信号将人的想法转化为文本以达到帮助病人与其他人沟通的目的。7．答案与解析：C推理推断题。依据最终一段中的“Now,themind­readingsoftwareworksonlyforthelimitedsetofsentencesonwhichitwastrained.Scientistshopethatthisearlysystemwillhelpthemdevelopamorepowerfulonethatcouldunderstandthoughtsinrealtimetogivepeopletheirvoicesback.”可推断，此软件仍有很大的改进空间。故选C。8．答案与解析：B推理推断题。依据全文可知，文章主要介绍了可以“读懂”人类思想的软件，以及软件测试的过程和改善的空间。由此推知，作者对待软件的看法是客观的。故选B。Ⅱ.七选五【语篇解读】本文是一篇争论文。文章讲解并描述了可穿戴设备在过去的十年里，我们见证了可穿戴设备的快速增长。虽然它对我们的个人数据带来了威逼，但是对我们的医疗保健具有重要意义。1．答案与解析：E依据上文“Inthelastdecade,wewitnessedarapidgrowthofwearabledevices—smallelectronicdevicesthatarewornorcarriedonthehumanbody.”以及下文“Nodoubt,wearabledevicesarethenextfrontierforpersonalizedhealthcare.”可知，此处上下文说的是便携的穿戴设备对医疗保健的作用，故选E。2．答案与解析：C依据下文“Thesedevicescaneasilytrackheartrate,caloriesburned,stepcounts,bloodpressure,thereleaseofbiochemicalandexercisetime.”可知，此处上下文说的是可穿戴设备的用途，故选C。3．答案与解析：A依据上文“Nodoubtwearabledevicesaddcomfortandconveniencetoourlivesbuttheyposethreatstoourlives.Withtherapidgrowthofwearabledevices,healthrisks,privacyandsecurityarekeyconcerns.”可知，此处上下文说的是我们应当相识到可穿戴设备的负面影响，故选A。4．答案与解析：F依据下文“Privacypolicyrelatedtodatamanagementisunclearasthepolicyguidelinesofthedevicecompaniesstatethatdatawillnotbesoldtothirdpartiesbutalsostatethatdatamaybesharedwithbusinesspartnerstoimproveserviceexperiences.”可知，关于数据的存储和管理，相关隐私政策并不明确，而且设备公司的政策规定可以与业务合作伙伴共享数据，可推理出设备公司有可能会以可穿戴设备的用户并不知晓的方式管理这些数据，故选