备战2024年高考英语话题通关精准练词汇+阅读+写作07自然灾害

PAGEPAGE1专题07自然灾难—备战2024高考英语话题通关精准练（词汇+阅读+写作）书目内容板块一话题词汇过关板块二话题短语表达过关板块三话题句型练笔板块四话题阅读训练板块五话题写作训练一：话题词汇过关earthquaken.地震landsliden.滑坡snowstormn.暴风雪hitvt.攻击shakevi.晃动hurricanen.飓风typhoonn.台风tornadon.龙卷风droughtn.干旱alarmn.警报humidadj.潮湿的humidityn.湿气，湿度phenomenonn.现象shaken.摇；振动burstvi.爆发；爆炸ruinn.废墟injurevt.损害destroyvt.破坏；毁坏uselessadj.无用的shockvt.使……震惊rescuen.救援disastern.灾难sheltern.掩蔽；藏身处buryvt.埋damagevt.破坏；损坏frightenedadj.胆怯 的terrifyvt.使恐惊；使惊吓ashn.灰；灰末victimn.受害者catastrophen.灾难；灾祸radioactiveadj.放射性的panicn&vi.惊惶；恐慌muddyadj.泥泞的lavan.熔岩；岩浆meltvi.溶化tidaladj.潮汐的；有涨落的worsenvi.(使)恶化fierceadj.狂暴的；恶劣的sufferingn.遭遇,遭罪calmlyadv.冷静地scaryadj.恐怖的;吓人的tidaladj.受潮水影响的;有涨落的tropicaladj.热带的tsunamin.海啸typhoonn.台风deliberatelyadv.蓄意地;审慎地dustyadj.满是灰尘的panicn.恐慌;惊惶powerfuladj.强有力的sensevt.感觉lossn.损失terribleadj.可怕的emergencyn.紧急状况nervousadj.神经质的,惊惶的worriedadj.担忧的fundn.资金,基金providevt.供应comfortvt.劝慰effortn.努力well-trainedadj.训练有素的properadj.恰当的;合适的properlyadv.适当地smellyadj.有臭味的;发臭的surroundvt.围绕;包围surroundingadj.四周的surroundingsn.环境complainv.埋怨;埋怨greenhousen.温室habitatn.栖息地hurricanen.飓风landsliden.山体滑坡meltvi.溶化rainbown.彩虹sandstormn.沙尘暴二：话题短语表达过关PAGE3-makeone’sescape逃脱keepone’shead保持冷静inthefaceof面临muchtoo太……holdonto保住,守住;保存,保留;坚持inanorderlyline整齐地排成一行,有序的一行/一队toone’sgreatrelief令某人极为欣慰的是clear...of...清除掉……的……getpreparedfor为……做打算makethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath起着生死攸关的作用blowaway吹走,刮走;炸飞thunderandlightning雷电交加weatherforecast天气预报greenhouseeffect温室效应globalwarming全球变暖rightaway立即；立刻calmdown安静下来burstout爆发burstinto突然……inruins废墟digout挖掘giveout分发；发出preparefor为……做打算insteadof代替；不是atanend完结，结束agreatnumberof大量的onone’sway在路上;快要到来raisefunds筹集基金gothrough经验,经受makeconnectionswith与……联系起来asenseoffearandconfusion恐惊和困惑感beshockedat对……感到震惊takeshelterfrom躲避breakdown垮掉crowdin涌入blowdown吹倒三：话题句型练笔1..On20December,aseriesofhugewavescausedbyanunderseaearthquakeracedacrosstheoceannearGoldshoreandleftthousandsdead.12月20日,由海底地震引起的一排排巨浪急速冲过金海岸旁边的海面,造成数千人死亡。2.Dadwaslisteningtoaweatherreportontheradio,whileMumwasputtingtheirimportantdocumentsanddisastersuppliesintoabag.爸爸在用收音机听天气预报,而妈妈正在把他们重要的文件及救灾物资装进包里。3.NearlyseventeencenturieshadrolledawaybeforethecityofPompeiiwasdugfromitssilentrestingplace.将近17个世纪过去了,庞贝城才从它寂静的安眠之地被挖掘出来。Iwaswearingaseatbelt.IfIhadn’tbeenwearingone,Iwouldhavebeeninjured.

我系着平安带。假如我没有系平安带,我就会受伤了。5.Whatthedirectorwantstotellpeopleisthatweshouldtakemeasurestobeautifytheenvironment.导演想告知我们的是我们应当实行措施美化环境。6.Amajorityofpeopleholdthebeliefthatclimatechangeisthepressingthreatformankind.大多数人认为气候的改变是对人类紧迫的威逼。7.Thisdisasterinjuredthousandsofpeopleandlefttensofthousandsofpeoplehomeless.这次灾难使数千人受伤,数万人无家可归。DisasterDayisaimingatproposingeveryonetostopdoingthethingsthatwillcausenaturaldisaster.自然灾难日旨在提倡大家停止做会导致自然灾难的事情。9.Naturaldisastershavecausedserioustragedy,makingplentyofpeopleinjuredordead.自然灾难已造成严峻的悲剧,导致许多人受伤或死亡。四：话题阅读训练（A）Itsoundsimpossiblefora500-poundbeartobreakintoahousethroughasmallwindow.ButtheanimalknownasHanktheTankisnoordinarybear:Hehasusedhisextraordinarystrengthtoforceintoatleast28garagesinSouthLakeTahoeandisresponsiblefor152reportsofconflictbehaviorwiththelocalpeopleoverthepastsevenmonths.“Thissmartbeardoesnotbreakintoagaragewheretrashiskept,”thepolicedepartmentsaidinastatement.“Hehangsoutintheneighborhoodquiteoftenbecausehehasbeencontinuouslyrewardedwithfoodstoredingarages.”Themostrecentincidentoccurredlatelastweek,whenlocalpoliceofficerswerecalledtoahomeonCatalinaDrivewhenHankbrokeintoanothergarageandthepolicedepartmenthasplannedaspecialtrappingefforttoremoveHanktheTankfromtheneighborhood.Afterhe’scaught,itwilldecidewhetherhecanbeplacedinacontrolledhabitatorwhetherheshouldbekilled.“WehopethatHankcanavoidthesadendingofanotherfamousbearfromtheTahoearea,”itsaid.LikeHanktheTank,the500-poundbearnamedtheSafewayBearhadlostitsfearofpeople.ItwasknownfordrivingawayKingsBeachget-togethers,helpingitselftoabirthdaycakeandothertreats.In2024,itwascaughtoncamerastealingfoodfromagrocerystoreatLakeTahoe’snorthernshore.ThebearwaseventuallytrappedandsenttoaremotewildhabitatinElDoradoCounty.Itstrackingcollarwasfoundinthewoodsinthespringof2024,leadingbiologiststohopethatithadsuccessfullygottenusedtoanaturaldietandlostweight,allowingthecollartoslipoff.Butthetruthwasveryheart-breaking.Thebigbearwasreducedtoashellofitsformerselfandwaskilledatacampgroundwhereafamilygatheringincludedsmallchildren.“Theactionoftheshooterwasthemosthumaneoutcomeforthisbear,”saidoneofthebiologists.1.Whatdothepoliceofficersprobablysuggestthepublicdo?A.Avoidmixingfoodleftoverswithgarbage.B.Replacesmallwindowswithbiggerones.C.CallthepoliceoncetheyseeHanktheTank.D.Putfoodoutsidetohelpthetrappingeffort.2.WherewastheSafewayBearsent?A.ElDoradoCounty. B.KingsBeach.C.CatalinaDrive. D.LakeTahoe.3.WhatcanbelearnedabouttheSafewayBear?A.IthadahardlifeintheTahoearea.B.Itlostitsabilitytoliveinthewild.C.Itsuccessfullygotusedtoanaturaldiet.D.Itstolefoodandkilledpeopleonthebeach.4.Whatisthebiologist’sattitudetotheactionoftheshooter?A.Opposed. B.Skeptical.C.Supportive. D.Unconcerned.参考答案：1.推理推断题。依据其次段的““Thissmartbeardoesnotbreakintoagaragewheretrashiskept,”thepolicedepartmentsaidinastatement.“Hehangsoutintheneighborhoodquiteoftenbecausehehasbeencontinuouslyrewardedwithfoodstoredingarages.”(“这只聪慧的熊不会闯入存放垃圾的车库，”警察局在一份声明中说。“他常常在旁边闲逛，因为它不断得到存放在车库里的食物作为嘉奖。”)”可推知，警方很可能建议避开把剩余的食物与垃圾混在一起。故选A。2.细微环节理解题。依据倒数第三段“ThebearwaseventuallytrappedandsenttoaremotewildhabitatinElDoradoCounty.(这只熊最终被困住，并被送到了位于埃尔多拉多县的一个偏远的野生栖息地)”可知，SafewayBear被送到了ElDoradoCounty。故选A。3.推理推断题。依据倒数第三段的“Itstrackingcollarwasfoundinthewoodsinthespringof2024,leadingbiologiststohopethatithadsuccessfullygottenusedtoanaturaldietandlostweight,allowingthecollartoslipoff.(2024年春天，人们在树林里发觉了它的追踪项圈，这让生物学家们希望它已经胜利适应了自然饮食并减肥，让项圈得以滑落)”和其次段的“Butthetruthwasveryheart-breaking.Thebigbearwasreducedtoashellofitsformerselfandwaskilledatacampgroundwhereafamilygatheringincludedsmallchildren.(但事实却特别令人心碎。这只大熊沦落为以前的自己的外壳，在一个营地被杀死，在那里，一个有孩子的家庭聚会在实行)”可知，SafewayBear失去了在野外生活的实力，在一个宿营地被杀死了。故选B。4.推理推断题。依据最终一段的““Theactionoftheshooterwasthemosthumaneoutcomeforthisbear,”saidoneofthebiologists.(“射击者的行为对这只熊来说是最人道的结果，”其中一位生物学家说)”可知，这位生物学家对射击者的行为是支持的。故选C。（B）ElNiño,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”,wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNiñoseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.Theweathereffects,bothgoodandbad,arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNiños,onbalance,thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNiñoin1997-98helpedAmerica’seconomygrowby$15billion,partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvests:farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalincomesinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardrought(干旱)insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNiñomayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia,theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.ThemostrecentpowerfulNiño,in1997-98,killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNiñoscomewithmonthsofwarning,andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure(基础设施)canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers(下水道)makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authors,civilconflictisrelatedtoElNiño’sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountry,thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal,helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNiño,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.1.WhatcanwelearnaboutElNiñoinParagraph1?A.ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.B.Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.C.ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.D.Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.2.WhatmayElNiñosbringabouttothecountriesaffected?A.Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.B.Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.C.Richcountries’gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.D.Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.3.ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat.

A.moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreductionB.governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaidC.victimsofElNiñodeservemorecompensationD.recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst4.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.TointroduceElNiñoanditsorigin.B.ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNiño.C.ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNiño.D.TourgepeopletoprepareforElNiño.参考答案：D解析细微环节理解题。第一段概括说明白厄尔尼诺现象名字的来源,发生的时间、地点、现象的成因等内容。依据文中“backeastwards”和“normallyblowwestwards”等关键词可知D项正确。C解析细微环节理解题。依据文章其次段中“Richcountriesgainmore...”解除A项,错误点出在fall一词;B项的说法没有依据,文章中并没有做出对比;D项错在less一词,从文章其次段和第三段的说明可知,一些贫困的国家,如印度尼西亚,遭遇到严峻的干旱,影响了国家的经济发展。C项的题源句为其次段中“RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNiños,onbalance,thantheylose.”,句意为“总的来说,富有国家得大于失。”A解析推理推断题。题源句为第四段“AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.”句意为:然而依据海外探讨所供应的数字,在过去的20年里,相比于灾后复原和重建,只有12%的赈灾资金用于事先的减灾预防。just的内涵意义是“言其少”,因此选择A项。B、C项文章没有提及,D项弄反了作者的观点。D解析写作意图题。作者首先简要介绍了厄尔尼诺现象,列举了其危害性,进而引出作者写作的真实意图:厄尔尼诺现象是可预报、可预防的,因此政府部门以及有关人员应当主动行动起来做好灾难的防范工作。A、B、C三项都属于以偏概全,以事实细微环节代替写作目的。（C）A1,400­year­oldPeruvianmethodofdiverting(转向)watercouldsupplyupto100millioncubicmetersofwater—equalto40,000Olympic­sizeswimmingpools'worthofwatertoLimaeachyear,accordingtoanewstudypublishedinNatureSustainability.It'soneexampleofhowancientmethodscouldsupportexistingmodernonesincountrieswithoutenoughwater.Morethanabillionpeopleacrosstheworldfacewatershortages.Man­madereservoirsstorerainwaterandwateroverflowforuseduringdriertimes.Butreservoirsarecostly,requireyearstoplanandcanstillfailtomeetwaterneeds.Peru'scapital,Lima,dependsonwaterfromrivershighintheAndesMountains.Ittakesonlyafewdaysforwatertoflowdowntothecity.Sowhenthedryseasonbeginsinthemountains,thewatersupplyquicklydisappears.Thecitysuffersshortagesof43millioncubicmetersduringthedryseason.Itsolvesthiswithmodernstructuressuchasman­madereservoirs.Thesereservoirsarenottheonlysolution,however.Overathousandyearsago,indigenous(本地的)peopledevelopedanotherwaytosolvewaterproblems.BorisOchoa­TocachiisaresearcheratImperialCollegeLondonandleadwriterofthestudy.Heexploredoneofthelastremainingwater­harvestingsystemsinthesmallmountaincommunityofHuamantanga,Peru.ThesystemwasdevelopedevenbeforetheancientIncacivilization.The1,400­year­oldsystemisdesignedtoincreasethewatersupplyduringthedryseasonbydivertingandslowingwaterasittravelsdownthemountains.Thisnature­basedmethodismadeofspecialcanalsthatguidewaterfromitssourcetoaseriesofwaterbodiesandhillsides.Thewatergoesslowlyintotheground,thenflowsdownhillthroughthesoilandreappearsinwaterbodiesnearthecommunity.Theresearchersmeasuredhowmuchthesystemslowedtheflowofwaterbyinjectingspecialdyeinthehighlandsandnotingwhenitreappearedinwaterbodies.Thedyedwaterstartedtosurfacetwoweekslaterandcontinuedflowingforeightmonths—ahugeimprovementoverthehoursordaysitwouldnormallytake.1．HowmuchwaterdoesanOlympic­sizeswimmingpoolneed?A.4,000cubicmeters. B.2,500cubicmeters.C.1,000cubicmeters. D.1,400cubicmeters.2．Whatcanbelearnedabouttheancientwatersystem?A.ItwasdevelopedduringtheancientIncacivilization.B.Itisnature­basedandmadeofspecialcanals.C.ItisthelastwatersystemleftinHuamantanga.D.ItcansatisfywaterneedsofLimathroughouttheyear.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”probablyrefertoinPara.3?A.Waterresources. B.Watersupply.C.Watersystem. D.Watershortage.4．Whichofthefollowingordershowshowtheancientsystemworks?a．Thewaterflowsdownhillthroughthesoil.b．Thewatersurfacesinwaterbodies.c．Thewatergoesslowlyintotheground.d．Thewaterflowstowaterbodiesandhillsides.A.d,a,b,c B.b,c,a,dC.a,b,c,d D.d,c,a,b参考答案：1．答案与解析B数据计算题。依据第一段中“upto100millioncubicmetersofwater—equalto40,000Olympic­sizeswimmingpools'worthofwater”可知40000个奥运会规模的游泳池须要100000000立方米水，由此可知，一个奥运会规模的游泳池须要的水是100000000÷40000＝2500,故B项正确。2．B间接信息题。依据第五段中“Thisnature­basedmethodismadeofspecialcanals”可知，这个古老的水系统是以自然为本的，且由特殊的水渠组成，故B项正确。3．D代词指代题。依据画线词前一句“Thecitysuffersshortagesof43millioncubicmetersduringthedryseason.”可知，该城在干旱季节严峻缺水，故this指watershortage，故选项D正确。4．D细微环节排序题。依据第五段提到的水从源头流到水体，然后渗入地下，再经由土壤流下山，最终出现在社区的水源中，由此可推断出选项D正确。五：话题写作训练（A）最近国内外灾难不断发生，这些灾难引起了我们对于自然所做的行为的再一次思索。1.你是如何看待自然灾难的?2.我们应当实行哪些措施来尽可能避开这些灾难和削减损失呢?留意:1.词数100词左右;2.可以适当增加细微环节,以使行文连贯。参考文章Naturaldisastershappenalmosteveryday，thosedevastatingonesleaveustothinkaboutourbehaviorstowardsnatureagain.Firstofall，weneedtosetasoundpre-warningmechanism,whichenablesustodetectpotentialrisksatanearlystages.Accordingly，emergencymeasur