2024年中考英语（苏州地区）重难题型突破中考常规题型二阅读理解课件

重难题型突破题型二阅读理解⁠

⁠

方法点津1.先读问题，弄清考查要点。此目的是带着问题看文章，做到心中有数，有的放矢。2.快速浏览全文，掌握全貌。注意发现与问题有关的信息，如果时间紧，至少要扫一下首段和尾段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想，这样全文大意便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答题。3.细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，掌握短文细节内容。这是解题的关键，应注意以下几点：（1）

抓住四个“W”和一个“H”，就是边读边用铅笔做些标记，把What（事件）、When（时间）、Where（地点）、Why（原因）、How（经过）画出来。抓住了四个“W”和一个“H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的问题便可解决。（2）

抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等。因为这些词具有因果、让步、递进、转折、指代、列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能，这对分清文章层次、辨明各种关系、了解人物心理、推断作者意图、进行逻辑推理等都具有举足轻重的作用。（3）

根据题意，初选答案。这一步须仔细审题，领会测试要求，确定解题方法。对那些明显的、有把握的题可以直接确定，不必对其余三个答案再作推敲而浪费时间；有些略难的题，应再查阅短文（不是重读一遍），迅速找出依据，予以排除。常用的解题方法有如下几种：①

直接解题法；②

归纳解题法；③

综合推理法；④

捕捉关键词；⑤

转换解题法；⑥

排除法。4.重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案。在解完最后一题后，如果时间允许，将原文再读一遍；用全文的主题思想统率思考各题，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，目的在于对所做答案进一步审查，推出未解答的题，以便减少失误。⁠

⁠

典例展示（2023·苏州）Confucianism（儒家思想）hasbeenfollowedbyChinesepeopleformorethantwothousandyears.Tohelppeopleunderstandhowtobehavetowardsothers，ConfucianismteachestheFiveConstants（五常）.Theseareren，

yi，

li，

zhiandxin.Theyaregeneralvirtues（美德）aroundtheworld.Themostimport-anttwoarerenandli.Renisthefeelingofcareandloveweshouldhaveforothers.Confuciusexplainedthatrencouldbestbeunderstoodaslovingothers.Heisfamousforteachingpeople“Whatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself，donotdotoothers”.ItisquitesimilartowhatisknownintheWestastheGoldenRule（treatothersthewayyouwanttobetreated）.Whilethemeaningofreniseasytounderstand，

liisalittlehardertoexpress.Itcanbethoughtofasdutyorevenrespect.Generally，

liisthewayweshouldconnectwithpeopleinoureverydaylife.InConfucianwritings，discussionsaboutliincludetheproperwaytodrinkteaandhowtorememberancestors（祖先）.Whilerenismostlyaboutouropinionsandfeelings，

liisabouthowweexpressouropinionsandfeelingstowardsothersandtowardstheworldaroundus.Perhapsthemostwell-knownConfucianvirtueisxiao.Thisisthedutychildrenhavetotheirparents.Xiaomeansloving，respecting，obeyingandtakingcareofone’sparentsintheiroldage.InConfucianism，

xiaoisimportantforaharmonious（和谐的）society：Withoutit，thewholeworldwouldfallintoamess.（

B

）1.WhicharethemostimportantoftheFiveConstants？A.Renandyi.B.Renandli.C.Liandxin.D.Yiandzhi.（

C

）2.WhatisthebestChinesemeaningoftheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3？A.博学于文，约之以礼。B.学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。C.己所不欲，勿施于人。D.君子和而不同，小人同而不和。BC（

C

）3.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofli？A.Buildingapeacefulsociety.B.Takingcareofone’schildren.C.Obeyingrulesofdrinkingtea.D.Learningallthroughone’slife.（

A

）4.WhatdoesthepassagemainlytellusaboutConfucianism？A.Itsgeneralvirtues.B.Itslonghistory.C.Itsnewchallenges.D.Itsgoldenrules.CAA（2023·扬州中学教育集团树人学校模拟）（词数：317

建议用时：7分钟）WhiteFangwasalmostfullygrownandhelookedmorelikeawolfthanadog.Hedidn’tfeelfrightenedofthegrowndogsanymore.InafightagainstanolddogBaseek，hisoldenemy，heeasilydefeatedBaseek.ThisgaveWhiteFangevenmoreconfidenceinhimself.Fromthenon，noneoftheotherdogschallengedhim.Ashorttimeafterthis，WhiteFangwentwithGrayBeavertovisitanothervillagewherehemethismotherKiche.Herememberedher，butshedidnotrememberhim—wolvesdonotremembertheiroldcubs（幼崽）afteratime.①

⁠Shethoughthewasadangerouswolfandattackedhim.Hehadlearnedtolivewithouther.②

⁠WhenWhiteFangwasthree，therewasabadfamine.Therewasnothingtoeat.Thedogsbegantoeatotherdogs.Thenthemenbegantoeattheirdogs.Ingreatfear，thedogsranoffintotheforestwheretheysometimesdiedofhunger.WhiteFangwentintotheforesttoo.③

⁠Hewasabletocatchsmallanimals，suchassquirrelsandwoodlandmice，betterthanthedogscould.Hewasthreequarterswolfandhadlearnedhowtohuntwhenhewasacub.Hewasevenabletokillanoldwolf，weakenedbyhunger.Oncehewasattackedbythewolfpack（狼群），buthewasfullofenergyfromtwodaysofeatingalynxandtheweakwolvescouldnotcatchhim.Heevenraninabigcircle，andkilledandateoneoftheweakestwolvesatthebackofthepack.Oneday，hecametoadifferentvillage.Therewasthesmelloffoodandthesoundsofhappypeopleandanimals.GrayBeaver’swife，Kloo-KoochwelcomedWhiteFangwithamealoffish.Thefaminewasfinallyoverforhim.④

⁠（

C

）1.WhichofthefollowingaboutWhiteFangisinthecorrectorder？a.Hewaswelcomedwithamealoffish.b.Heleftandhuntedintheforest.c.Therewasafamine，andthemenhadnothingtoeat.d.Hetravelledtoanothervillagewherehemethismother.e.Hehadafightagainstanoldenemyandwon.A.e-a-b-c-dB.e-b-a-c-dC.e-d-c-b-aD.e-d-b-c-aC（

B

）2.Wherecanweputthemissingsentence“Heunderstoodthathehadtobeindependent.”inthepassage？A.①B.②C.③D.④（

D

）3.Theunderlinedword“famine”inParagraph3means“

⁠”.A.灾难B.瘟疫C.旱涝D.饥荒BD（

C

）4.Accordingtothepassage，whichbestdescribesWhiteFang？A.Helpfulandbrave.B.Strongbutmean.C.Wildandindependent.D.Confidentbutweak.CB（2023·宿迁模拟）（词数：317

建议用时：7分钟）Inmyearlychildhood，IwasoftensurprisedwhenIsawmyfathermakingasmallnumberofmoneywithdifficulty.Beingachild，Iwasunabletounderstandhim.WhenIwasolder，myfatherstarteddoingaparttimejobathome.Heoftenbroughtsomeworkbackandworkedtilllatenight.Ican’tforgetheplayedwithmewhenIwas3or4yearsold.HetaughtmehowtoreadwhenIwasattheageof5.HetookcareofmeallnightwhenIwassick.WheneverIfeltdown，hewouldcheermeup.Healsocaredaboutmylessonsandoftenhelpedmegetreadyforexaminations.LaterhesentmetoNewDelhiforthebesteducation.WheneverIneededmoney，heneverrefused.Healwaysmanagedmoneyformystudies.Twoyearsago，IgotajobatahospitalinNewDelhi.WhenIhelpedmyfirstpatient，Igotastrongfeelingofsatisfaction.WhenIgotmyfirstsalary（薪水）whichwasabouttentimesmorethanmypocketmoney，Ispentitallonmyself.WhenIreturnedhomeonefinemorning，Iheardmyfathercommunicatingwithoneneighbour.Hewastellinghimaboutmyjobveryproudly.HealsotoldhimthatIhadahighersalarythanhim.Adreamthathissonshouldbecomebetterthanhimselfcametrue.Iwasunabletomoveonmyfeet.Past23yearsflashedintomymindinamoment.Iknewmyfatherlovedmeverymuch.Icouldunderstandthemeaningofmyfather’saspirations（渴望）.Icouldunderstandthedecisionsmyfathermadeinthepast.Thefinancial（经济）difficultyhewasfacingwasdecidedbyhisgoal—makinghischildmoresuccessfulthanhimself.IftodayIamsuccessful，thisisbecauseofmyfather.（

B

）1.Fromthefirstparagraph，weknowthewriter’sfatheris

⁠.A.humorousB.hard-workingC.seriousD.outgoing（

A

）2.Whenthewriterwasyoung，hisfather

⁠.A.managedmoneyforhisstudiesB.cheeredhimupallnightC.hardlyboughtanythingforhimD.onlycaredabouthisexaminationsBA（

D

）3.Therightorderofthestoryis

⁠.a.Myfathersentmetogetthebesteducation.b.Myfatherthoughthisdreamcametrue.c.Beingachild，Iwasunabletounderstandmyfather.d.Icouldunderstandthemeaningofmyfather’saspirations.e.Igotahighersalarythanmyfather.A.b-d-c-e-aB.d-a-c-e-bC.c-a-e-b-dD.c-a-d-b-eC（

D

）4.Thebesttitleforthispassageis“

⁠”.A.AsuccessfulchildB.AnunforgettablemomentC.AdifficulttimeD.Afather’sloveDC（2023·苏州模拟）（词数：216

建议用时：5分钟）Orderingtakeoutisverypopularnowadaysbecauseitisconvenient.Morethan60percentofthepeopleinChinaordertakeoutfoodtwiceaweek.Ifpeopledon’twanttoeatout，theycanjustordertakeoutonthesmartphoneandwaitforittobedelivered（送达）.Whataboutpeoplelivinginancienttimes？Didtheyeattakeout？Infact，therewastakeoutasfarbackastheSongdynasty.Accordingtohistorybooks，EmperorXiaozong（1127—1194）likedtoordertakeoutlateatnight.Hisservantsthenwentaroundthecitytopickupthedishesandbringthembacktothepalace.Ordinary（普通的）peoplealsoorderedtakeout.Restaurantwaiterswouldgooutintothestreetsandyelloutwhichdishescouldbeorderedthatday.Afterhearingthewaiters，peoplecouldthenplaceanorder.Later，deliveryworkerswouldbringfoodtotheirhomes.InthefamousSongdynastypaintingAlong

the

River

During

the

Qingming

Festival，atakeoutworkercanbeseenwithfoodinhand.Peopleatthattimeevenhadaspecialmealboxfortakeoutdishes.Itwasalongwoodenboxwithseverallayers.Peoplealsousedwarmingplatesmadeoftwolayersofporcelain（瓷）.Hotwatercouldbeputbetweenthemtokeepdisheswarm.（

A

）1.Accordingtothepassage，takeouthasalonghistoryofabout

⁠years.A.900B.1，100C.1，500D.2，000（

D

）2.Theunderlinedword“yell”inParagraph3probablymeans“

⁠”.A.giveB.sendC.takeD.shoutAD（

B

）3.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat

⁠.A.everyemperorintheSongdynastylikedorderingtakeoutB.eatingmidnightfoodwasquitepopularintheSongdynastyC.therewasnoneedtoordertakeoutaheadoftimeinancienttimesD.thetakeoutboxinancienttimeswasnotenvironmentallyfriendlyB（

C

）4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthispassage？A.TheemperorwholikedtakeoutB.TheadvantagesoforderingtakeoutC.TakeoutinancientChinaD.WaystoordertakeoutinancientChinaCD（2023·南通市启东市模拟）（词数：334

建议用时：8分钟）Isitshi（是）orsi（斯）inthesentence“ThuswhenHeavenisabouttoconferagreatofficeonanyman（故天将降大任于是/斯人也）”？Notlongago，peoplehadaheateddiscussiononlineaboutthis.Mostpeople“clearlyremember”thatit’ssi，whiletheirchildhoodtextbookssayit’sshi.Itshowshowunreliable（不可靠的）ourmemorycanbe.AccordingtopsychologistFaithBrynie，memoriescanbeinfluencedbyimagination，beliefandtime.Manystudieshaveproventhat“feelingcertain”aboutamemorysometimeshasnothingtodowiththefacts.Attitudes

and

belief

change

our

memoryScientistsatCornellUniversitytoldcollegestudentsastoryaboutamanwhowalkedoutwithoutpayingarestaurantbill.Thefirstgroupwastoldthattheman“likedtosteal”.Thesecondgroupwastoldthatheleftbecausehegotanemergency（紧急的）phonecall.Oneweeklaterthefirstgrouprememberedahigherbill—10to25percentmorethanthebillactuallywas.Thesecondgrouprememberedalowerbill.Thestudyshowedthathowweexpectorbelievethingstohappencandistort（扭曲）ourmemories.Remembering

things

that

never

happenedInanotherexperiment（实验），peoplewatchedafilmandwereasked：

“Howfastwasthewhitecargoingwhenitpassedthebarn（谷仓）whiletravellingalongthecountryroad？”Actuallytherewasnobarninthefilm.Butabout20percentofthestudentssaidtheyhadseenthebarn.NorthwesternUniversityscientistKennethPallersaidthatpartsofthebrainforreallyseeinganobjectandimagininganobjectoverlap（重叠）.Soimaginationaftergettingahint（暗示）couldleaveamemorytrace（痕迹）inthebrain.Si

or

shiInthecaseofsiorshi，somepeoplesaidthatsisoundsmorelikeancientChinese.That’swhymostpeoplerelateittotheancientclassic.OntheInternet，theversion（版本）ofsiisalsomorewidespreadthanshi，givingpeopleawronghint.（

C

）1.Inthefirstexperiment，thefirstgrouprememberedahigherbillbecause

⁠.A.thestudentsforgotthebillcompletelyB.thestudentsthoughtthemanwasrichenoughC.thescientistsmadethestudentsbelievethemanwasbadD.thescientiststoldthestudentsthatthemanshouldpaymoreC（

C

）2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hint”referto？A.Thesightsinthefilm.B.KennethPaller’swords.C.Theword“barn”inthequestion.D.Arealbarninstudents’memories.C（

A

）3.Whatcanwelearnfromthecaseofsiorshi？A.Feelingscandecidepeople’smemories.B.Theversionofshiismorewidespread.C.People’smemoriesarealwaysunreliable.D.TherewasnosoundofshiinancientChinese.A（

A

）4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage？A.Areyoureallysure？B.Haveyouforgottenyet？C.Whatshouldberemembered？D.Howisthememoryimproved？AE（2023·南京联合体模拟）（词数：307

建议用时：8分钟）TheEarthisabout4.6billionyearsold.WehumanshavelivedontheEarthforarelativelysmallnumberofyears，butduringthisperiod，wehavechangedourplanetalotinmanyways.SomethingswehavedoneareverygoodfortheEarthwhileothersarebad.TheAmazonrainforestinSouthAmericaisthelargestrainforestintheworld.Theforestisimportantforpeopleallovertheworldbecauseitproducesalotofoxygen，andalsohelpstocooltheweather.Butlargeareasoftherainforestarebeingcutdownforwood—55％oftheforestcouldbegoneby2030！TheWorldWildlifeFund（WWF）ishelpingtostopsomeareasoftherainforestfrombeingcutdown.TheAralSeawasoneofthelargestlakesintheworldbeforethe1960s.Thenriverswerediverted（改道）andithasbeengettingsmallereversince.By2007，itwasonly10％ofitsoriginalsize.Duststormshappenagainandagainandthevillagessitontheedgeofahugedesert（沙漠）withlargeshipsstranded（搁浅）initssand.InChina，morethan2，250km2ofgrasslandneartheGobiturnsintodeserteveryyear.ThereareoftenstormsthatblowdustallthewaytoBeijing.Thestormsaregettingworseeachyearandhaveadeepinfluenceonfarmers.ThegoaloftheGreatGreenWallproject，startedin1978，istoincreaseforestsinnorthernChinafrom5％to15％inordertostopthedesertfromgrowing.Theprojectfacesmanychallenges.However，peoplemustnevergiveuponit.Savingthedisappearingnatureneedseveryone’seffort.Althougheachoneofusmayonlydoalittle，togetherwecanmakeabigdifference.Whatcanyoudotoprotecttheenvironment？（

D

）1.WhymustwesavetheAmazonrainforestaccordingtothepassage？A.ItgottheattentionofWWF.B.Theriversinitwerediverted.C.Moreandmoreduststormshappenthere.D.Ithelpsproduceoxygenandcooltheweather.D（

C

）2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“original”inthethirdparagraphprobablymean？A.Largestorbiggest.B.Unusualandfunny.C.Firstorearliest.D.Completelydifferent.C（

B

）3.HowcantheGreatGreenWallprojecthelptosavethegrassland？A.Byimprovingfarmers’life.B.Bypreventingthedesertgrowing.C.Bykeepingpeoplesafefromduststorms.D.Bybuildingadamtohavehigherwaterlevels.B（

D

）4.Whereisthepassageprobablyfrom？A.Atravelguide.B.Ahistorybook.C.Aliterarynovel.D.Ageographymagazine.DF（2023·常州外国语学校模拟）（词数：327

建议用时：7分钟）Everybodylikestofeelthatsheorheisspecial.Sadly，manyofusgrowupbelievingthatwe’renotspecialatall.Wewishthatwecouldbemoreattractiveorbetteratsports.Wewishwehadmoremoneyornicerclothes.LiketheTinMan，theScarecrow，ortheCowardlyLionfromThe

Wizard

of

Oz，wethinkwe’renotgoodenough.Inthefilm，theTinManwisheshehadaheart.TheScarecrowwishesthathehadabrain，andtheCowardlyLionwantscourage.Finally，theyrealizethattheyalreadyhavewhattheywant.Nearlyallparentswantustobethebestwecanbe.Theysometimestrytoencourageustodobetterbycomparingustoothers.Theymeanwell，butthemessageweusuallygetisthatwe’renotgoodenough.Westarttobelievethattheonlywaywecanbespecialisbybeingbetterthansomebodyelse，butweareoftendisappointed（失望的）.Therewillalwaysbesomebodyouttherethatisbetterthanweareatsomething.Therearealotofpeoplearoundwhomaynotbeassmartaswearebutarebetteratsports.Ortheymaynotbeashandsomeasweare，buttheyaremoresuccessful.Itisunthinkableforustobebetterthaneverybodyelseallthetime.LiketheTinMan，theScarecrow，andtheCowardlyLion，weallneedwhatwebelievewillmakeusbetterpeople.Whatwedon’tunderstandisthatoftenwealreadyhavetheverythingsinsideusthatwelookfor.Ourparentsoftenforgettotellusthatwearespecialandthatwearegoodenoughjustasweare.Perhapsnoonetoldthemwhentheyweregrowingup，ormaybetheyjustforgot.Eitherway，it’suptoustoremindthemsometimesthateachofus，inourownway，isspecial.（

C

）1.Whatisthewriter’smainpurposeofwritingthetext？A.Todescribehowsmartweare.B.Totalkaboutourfamilyproblems.C.Toexplaintheimportanceofbeingourselves.D.Tosuggesthowpeoplecanchangetheirwayoflife.C（

C

）2.Whatdoesthewritersayaboutourparents？A.Theynevercompareuswithotherchildren.B.Theyalwaystellusthatwearegoodenough.C.Theyoftenforgettotellusthatwearespecial.D.Theyalwayswantustobethesameasothers.C（

D

）3.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage？A.WhatmakesyousmartB.WhatmakesyouhappyC.WhatmakesyoustrongD.WhatmakesyouspecialDG（2023·盐城市大丰区模拟）（词数：282

建议用时：6分钟）Itisapopularbeliefthatfishcan’trememberanythingforlongerthansevenseconds.Itmayseemsadtothinkthattheyd