2024年中考英语复习阅读理解做题技巧+课件

初中

阅读理解

做题技巧

阅读材料

题材：故事，寓言，

人物，科普，政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史、地理等体裁：记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文，新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、书信，图画，表格等学生素质阅读速度理解程度思维能力综合文化素质具体考查的内容理解具体信息推测生词词义理解概念性含义判断、推理和引申理解主旨要义理解结构，句段关系理解作者意图解题步骤一、快速阅读，读懂大意二、明确要求，逐一解答三、重读问题，理解问题四、带着问题，重读文章五、复读全文，最后把关题型大聚会1.推理题2.词汇题3.主旨题4.态度观点题5.代指题解题技巧碰碰碰（一）推理题及解题技巧推理题：

数字推理

知识推断

逻辑推理

细节推断

考查理清上下逻辑关系的能力（最难）。考查学生判断、推理和引申理解作者的意图、观点或态度常用逻辑词:“infer,conclude,imply,suggest”等。技巧1.吃：吃透意思2.捕：捕捉线索3.挖：挖掘加工4.握：把握关系5.摸：揣摸作者1.知识推断题

知识推断：

根据细节，运用基础知识进行分析、推敲，得出符合文章原义的结论的一种推断方法。

实例

Tokyo：Threesnakes,whosepoisoncouldkillapersonintenminutes,areguardingabluestarsapphire（蓝宝石）worthnearlysixhundreddollarsataJapaneseexhibitionofjewelssentfromanIndianmuseum.

“Normallyitwouldbeforbiddentoletthesepoisonoussnakesguardexhibitionobjects,butit’sdifferentthistimebecausethejewelsarebeingexhibitedatahotel,”apolicesaid.

Thejewelswasbeingshownin______.

A.anIndianhotel

B.anIndianmuseum

C.aJapanesehotel

D.aJapanesemuseumC

2.逻辑结论推断题

逻辑结论：

指严格根据文中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度或观点去理解文章的内涵。

实例

Myfatherhaslittletimeforfilms.Butonedayashefinishedhiswork,hefoundafilmticketundertheglassonthedesk.Hewenttothecinemaquickly.Whenhewasseated,awomancametomyfatherandsaidtheseatwashers.TheybothtookouttheirticketsandfoundtheseatshownonthemwasRow8,Seat16.Afterlookingattheticketmorecarefully,myfathersaid,“Sorry,it’snottoday’sticket.”Fromthispassagewecanknowthatthewriter’sfatherwas____________.careless

3.细节推断

为了阐明主题，作者将陈述一些事实来支持主题，如what,who,where,when,等，即“supportingdetails”。

实例

Whenthebellwasringing.Theboyscameintotheroom.Eachonehadabatoraball.Allhadredfaces.Theyweregladtogetintotheirseats.Theteachersaiditwastimetogetbacktowork.

Whichofthefollowingsentenceisprobablytrue?

A.Theclasswasover.

B.Theboyshadjustcomebackfromplaying.

C.Theteachertoldtheboystowork.B

常见的推理判断题题干

①Accordingtothepassage，what/whichis“……”?②Whichofthefollowingstatementis(not)true/correct/mentioned/listed/included?③Allofthefollowingstatementsaretrue/correct/mentionedexcept?（二）词汇题及解题技巧测试学生根据上下文正确推测判断词义的能力。标志是

Theunderlinedword“…”inline…refersto…技巧返回原文，找到该句子结合上下文，理解该词意思重点抓字面含义，不要进行归纳，演绎，推理选项中的正确答案意思与原句完全相同，只是用其他词汇表达超纲词汇不是正确答案正确答案常蕴藏在原文该词出现前后1.通过因果关系猜词借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，ofcourse，therefore等等)Youshouldn'thaveblamedhimforthat，foritwasn'thisfault.猜词题实例

2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词

1)同义词and或or连接的词组e.g.happyandgay

解释过程中使用的同义词e.g.ManhasknownsomethingabouttheplanetsVenus，Mars,andJupiter...2)反义词表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等

与not搭配的或表示否定意义

的词语Heissohomely，notashandsomeashisbrother.3.通过构词法猜词1).前缀un-表反义词，如happy、unhappy，

fair、unfair，important、unimportant等。2).后缀-ment表名词，如develop、

development，state、statement，

argue、argument等。3).后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词，

如calculate、calculator，visit、visitor，

law、lawyer，wait、waiter，

science、scientist，art、artist等。。4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义Butsometimes,norainfallsforalong，

longtime.Thenthereisadryperiod，

ordrought.

5.通过句法功能来推测词义

Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconutsandsomeotherkindoffruitgrowinwarmareas.6.通过描述猜词ThepenguinisakindofseabirdlivingintheSouthPole.Itisfatandwalksinafunnyway.Althoughitcannotfly,itcanswimintheicywatertocatchthefish.（三）主旨题及解题技巧主旨要义整体理解概括能力标志词有：“mainlyabout；mainlydiscuss；besttitle”等。技巧注意首段和各段第一句话,将其含义连接成一个整体小心“首段陷阱”,不要一看开头就选择答案

常见提问：

1.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Whatistheauthor’smainpoint?

3.Whatisthesubjectofthispassage?

4.Themainpurposeofthepassage?

5.Thetitleofthispassagewouldbe____.实例

Allstudentsofgeographyshouldbeabletoexplainaweathermapexactly.Weatherconditionisahugeamountofinformationaboutconditionatatimeofobservationoveralargegeographicalarea.Theyshowinafewminuteswhatotherwisewouldtakehourstodescribe.TheUnitedStatesWeatherOfficegivesoutinformationaboutcomingstorms,floods,freeze,dryness,andallclimaticconditionsingeneral.Twiceamonthitgivesouta30-day“out-look”whichisabasicguidetoweatherconditionslikelytohappenallovertheUnitedStates.Question：Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

A.Weathermapsareveryimportanttostudentsofgeography.B.Weathermapscanhavea30-day“outlook”.C.Studentsofgeographyshouldbeabletomakeweathermapsexactly.D.Thosewhomajoringeographyshouldhavetheabilitytohaveagoodunderstandingofaweathermap.

关键-主题句

主题句：凡表述段落（或短文）主旨大意的句子。三个特点：（1）总领性强，概括性强（2）结构简单，不用难句（3）其他句子解释、支撑或扩展主题句，起服从、论证、补充的作用实例JoshnaBinghamstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityof

Parisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HechangedtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchoolandlater,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyabusinesslawyerinMiami,Florida.从以上这个段落，我们发现没有一个句子可以单独陈述该段落的主题，那么，作者写这个段落的目的是什么呢？通过仔细阅读和理解每个句子的意思之后，我们便可领悟，作者想告诉读者的是：JoshnaBinghamreceivedanexcellenteducation.所以说这种文章（或段落）只能从文章的字里行间去理解作者的意图，这样才能推断出文章的主旨大意。（四）态度观点题及解题技巧理解作者的意图,观点或态度的能力。标志词:attitude,purpose等。技巧态度词:Opposition反对，suspicion怀疑的，Approval支持，Optimistic乐观的，subjective主观的，objective客观的，pessimistic悲观的，biased有偏见的，impartial公正的，sensitive敏感的，indifference冷漠(一般不选)。不要搀杂自己的观点寻找文中具有感情色彩的词抓论述的主线及举例的方式（五）指代题及解题技巧整体理解文章的能力，并推断出该处指代词所代表的含义。技巧返回原文，找出题的指代词找最近的名词,名词性词组或句子将找到的替换该指代词,看意思是否通顺找出最佳答案阅读表达题技巧有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。提问的特殊疑问词常有：what,who,which,where,how,why

等。中考阅读理解的题大部分是这样的题型，答案基本能在原文中找到，答题时需要注意关键词、关键句、关键段落。howwherewhat细节理解题whenwhowhy细节理解题原文

Inthebook,asailornamedCaptainAhabspendsalotoftimetryingtofindandkillenormouswhitewhalenamedMobyDick.【解析】选C。事实细节题。问题33.MobyDickis______.astorywrittenbyHemanMelvilleasailorthenameofawhitewhaleafamousdinosaur

______________________主旨归纳题

议论文和说明文的主题句经常在开头或结尾。记叙文往往没有主题句，需要在读懂全文、体会作者用意的基础上进行概括。中考阅读理解这样的题有两至三题。主旨归纳题

1

Themainideaofthisarticleisabout____.A.gesturesaroundtheworldB.closedthumbsC.gesturesinancientRomeD.thethumbs-upgesture.2Whatisthestorymainlyabout?A.Father'scoatwasmissing.B.Samfoundhisgrandfatherthroughanactofkindness.C.Anoldmanwastoocoldtoliveon.D.Samtookcareofhissisterbyhimself.3Thebest

titleforthispassageis_______.A.HowLifeUsedtoBeB.TheBetterLifeC.TheChangesinOurLifeD.Hard-workingStudents猜测词义题

该题型考查通过上下文判断词义的能力。词义题的考查有两种:超纲词含义的推断和熟词生义的推断。中考通常有一至两题这样的题型。根据转折、因果关系猜测词义

通过同义词和反义词的关系及构词法通过定义或释义描述关系来推测词义根据上下文的意思来猜测

原文：Samwasafifteen-year-oldboylivingwithhislittlesister,Julie.Theirparentspassedawaylongago.SamhadtakencareofJuliebyhimself…

考题：28.“Theirparentspassedawaylongago”means“Theirparents____longago.”A.diedB.wentonC.lefthomeD.passedby根据上下文的意思来猜测答案根据上下文意思猜测词义

猜测词义

______________________________________________A通过定义或释义描述关系来推测词义

对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。段落

ThepenguinisakindofseabirdlivingintheSouthPole.Itisfatandwalksinafunnyway.Althoughitcannotfly，itcanswimintheicywatertocatchthefish.分析从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。通过定义或释义描述关系来推测词义

猜测词义

_____________________________通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词同义法常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。反义法如hotandcold,giveandreceive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。猜测词义段落

Heissohomely，notatallashandsomeashisbrother.分析根据notatall...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。

通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词猜测词义

___________________developdevelopment，statestatement，argueargumenthappyunhappy，fairunfair，importantunimportantvisitvisitor，workworker，waitwaiter前缀un-表反义词后缀-ment表名词后缀-er、-or表名词通过构词法猜词猜测词义该题型考查通过文章表层信息推测其隐含信息的能力,要求学生揣摩作者的意图。虽不能在原文中找答案,但有间接的暗示和线索。中考这样的题有一至两题，很难得分。推理判断题

推理判断题

[范例]Anewsstoryisnotonlycorrect,butalsorelevanttoitsreaders.Peoplearemostlyinterestedinnewsthathappensneartothem.ThatiswhyyoucaremoreaboutwhathappensatyourschoolthanthatatAmericanschools.ItisalsowhynewspapersinBeijingdon’ttalkaboutmuchnewsinShanghaiorHongKong....[问题]Accordingtothewriter,newspaperinQingdaoshouldtalkaboutmuchnewsin

.A.QingdaoB.HongKongC.ShanghaiD.Beijing

_____________________________________________A【解析】推理判断题。文章介绍好的新闻稿件应该与读者生活密切相关,故青岛人关心更多的应该是青岛的事。故选A。阅读理解题型

细节理解题

主旨归纳题

猜测词义题推理判断题

NotonlyapopularsingerwasYaoBeina,butalsoshewasanenergeticandwarm-heartedangel.Shehadhercorneasdonatedtotwomenwhoneededthem,whichhelpedthemseetheworldclearlyagain.

YaowasborninamusicfamilyonSept.26,1981inWuhan.Shestartedtolearnthepianoattheageof4,andshesangherfirstsongonthestagewhenshewas9yearsold.Yaodidquitewellinsinging,soshetookpartinthethirteenthYouthSingingCompetitionandwonthefirstprize.中考英语阅读理解复习热点素材拓展1

Shebecamewell-knowntothepublicaftermakingaseriesofsongsforthehitTVdrama“TheLegendofZhenhuan”in2012,andthemandarinversion(中文版本)of“LetItGo”fromDisney’s“Frozen”.ShecompetedinTheVoiceofChinaIIandfinallygotthesecondplaceinNaYing’steam.Shehadwonalotofmusicawardsbeforeshewasfamous.

YaoBeinawasunfortunatetobediagnosed（诊断）withbreastcancer(乳腺癌)andhadasuccessfuloperation.Sincethen,shehasfoughtagainstthediseaseforaboutfouryearswhilekeepingsinging,butsadlyshefailed.Sheoriginallythoughtofdonatingallofherorgans(器官)tosaveothers’lives,butfailedtodoitbecauseofherseriousillness.中考英语阅读理解复习热点素材拓展

She’sgone,eventhoughshehadneverstoppedstrugglingwithcancer.Heavenjustgotanotherbeautifulangel,withherbeautifulvoiceandkindness.（）1.Theword“corneas”inthepassageprobablymeans____.A.眼角膜B.器官C.心脏D.肾脏（）2.Yaowasbornina__________familyonSept.26,1981inWuhan.A.doctorB.farmerC.musicD.worker（）3.HowoldwasYaoBeinawhensheshecompetedinTheVoiceofChinaIIandfinallygotthesecondplaceinNaYing’steam.A.23.B.22.C.32.D.33.（）4.WhichisTRUEaboutYaoBeinaaccordingtothepassage?A.Shestartedtoplaythepianoattheageof5.B.Shehadgreatvoiceandwonalotofawardsinmusic.C.Shewasaweakandselfishgirl.D.Shewonoverthebreastcancerintheend.（）5.What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A.YaoBeina’sfamily.B.YaoBeina’sdisease.C.YaoBeina’steacher.D.YaoBeina’sartachievements.中考英语阅读理解复习热点素材拓展ACCDB

NotonlyapopularsingerwasYaoBeina,butalsoshewasanenergeticandwarm-heartedangel.Shehadhercorneasdonatedtotwomenwhoneededthem,whichhelpedthemseetheworldclearlyagain.

YaowasborninamusicfamilyonSept.26,1981inWuhan.Shestartedtolearnthepianoattheageof4,andshesangherfirstsongonthestagewhenshewas9yearsold.Yaodidquitewellinsinging,soshetookpartinthethirteenthYouthSingingCompetitionandwonthefirstprize.中考英语阅读理解复习热点素材拓展1

______________________________猜测词义题

NotonlyapopularsingerwasYaoBeina,butalsoshewasanenergeticandwarm-heartedangel.Shehadhercorneas(眼角膜)donatedtotwomenwhoneededthem,whichhelpedthemseetheworldclearlyagain.

YaowasborninamusicfamilyonSept.26,1981inWuhan.Shestartedtolearnthepianoattheageof4,andshesangherfirstsongonthestagewhenshewas9yearsold.Yaodidquitewellinsinging,soshetookpartinthethirteenthYouthSingingCompetitionandwonthefirstprize.中考英语阅读理解复习热点素材拓展1细节题

NotonlyapopularsingerwasYaoBeina,butalsoshewasanenergeticandwarm-heartedangel.Shehadhercorneas(眼角膜)donatedtotwomenwhoneededthem,whichhelpedthemseetheworldclearlyagain.

YaowasborninamusicfamilyonSept.26,1981inWuhan.Shestartedtolearnthepianoattheageof4,andshesangherfirstsongonthestagewhenshewas9yearsold.Yaodidquitewellinsinging,soshetookpartinthethirteenthYouthSingingCompetitionandwonthefirstprize.2015年中考英语阅读理解复习热点素材拓展1推理判断题

Shebecamewell-knowntothepublicaftermakingaseriesofsongsforthehitTVdrama“TheLegendofZhenhuan”in2012,andthemandarinversion(中文版本)of“LetItGo”fromDisney’s“Frozen”.InJuly2013,shecompetedinTheVoiceofChinaIIandfinallygotthesecondplaceinNaYing’steam.Shehadwonalotofmusicawardsbeforeshewasfamous.

YaoBeinawasunfortunatetobediagnosed（诊断）withbreastcancer(乳腺癌)andhadasuccessfuloperationin2011.Sincethen,shehasfoughtagainstthediseaseforaboutfouryearswhilekeepingsinging,butsadlyshefailed.Sheoriginallythoughtofdonatingallofherorgans(器官)tosaveothers’lives,butfailedtodoitbecauseofherseriousillness.中考英语阅读理解复习热点素材拓展

___________________________________________推理判断题

NotonlyapopularsingerwasYaoBeina,butalsoshewasanenergeticandwarm-heartedangel.Shehadhercorneas(眼角膜)donatedtotwomenwhoneededthem,whichhelpedthemseetheworldclearlyagain.

YaowasborninamusicfamilyonSept.26,1981inWuhan.Shestartedtolearnthepianoattheageof4,andshesangherfirstsongonthestagewhenshewas9yearsold.Yaodidquitewellinsinging,soshetookpartinthethirteenthYouthSingingCompetitionandwonthefirstprize.中考英语阅读理解复习热点素材拓展1

____________________________________________________________________主旨归纳题

【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了姚贝娜的生平。姚贝娜出生于音乐世家，四岁学钢琴，九岁上台表演，荣获过许多音乐奖项。2012年为《甄嬛传》、《冰雪奇缘》等影视剧唱主题曲；2013年在“中国好声音”第二季中获亚军。不幸的是，她得了乳腺癌，于2015年1月16日辞世。姚贝娜生前曾打算捐赠全身器官，由于病情恶化，全身器官感染，最后眼角膜捐给了两名眼疾患者。网友和粉丝称她为“有美丽歌喉的善良天使”。1.阅读原文,理解大意首先通读原文,捕捉文中所提供的信息,抓住文章大意,理清文章脉络。2.审读题目,正确判断读懂短文内容后再审读题目,把握每个待判定句子的含义,通过寻读法在原文中找出与每个问题相关的关键词,然后寻找关键词在文章中所在的句子及段落,依据短文内容对试题所给出的句子进行正误判断。3.重读原文,复核检查完成正误判断后必须将短文重读一遍,加深对短文的理解,在此基础上再对每一道题进行复查,对有些似是而非的句子,一定要重新认真识别。

_______________________________________________________________________________________________Summary阅读技巧

阅读表达阅读表达题型多样,设题自由开放,内容广泛。它不仅能考查学生的阅读理解能力,还能考查学生的语言组织能力、单词拼写能力、英汉互译能力以及其他语言知识,较好地呼应了新课标所倡导的“任务型语言教学”模式。BECDA阅读表达题的答题步骤通读全文,感知任务。答题前,认真阅读文章,掌握文章提供的信息内容,同时要明确文章的中心思想,为答题做好准备。紧扣原文,搜寻信息。通读全文后,再浏览问题,从原文中找出能回答问题的关键信息。全面兼顾,准确作答。除了注意书写规范以外,还要确保表达的准确性,要注意语态、时态和人称等的变化。认真检查,验证答案。完成任务后要把答案带入原文,检查所写的答案是否符合要求,发现问题及时解决。1234________________________________________________________回答阅读表达题的注意事项1.注意书写规范，包含字母的大小写和标点符号。2.要注意语态、时态和人称等的变化。3.注意形容词、副词词形的变化。4.词义猜测注意观察思考该词在句中的前后线索。5.仔细审题，注意每空要求填几个单词。1.给短文拟一个名字。2.归纳一个段落的中心句。3.回答问题，特别是一般疑问句的回答，只要后面意思是肯定的就要用Yes.4.写出同义词、反义词或文中相似的句子。5.猜测词义。6.完善句子，注意每空填一词。7.英汉互译。阅读表达题提问的形式通常有：[范例]题目：任务一请根据短文，猜测划线单词（1）melt的意思。将答案的字母代号填写在横线上。（1分）A.changeintowaterB.changeintoice_______________________________原文：Sheaddedthepiecestohercookiedough（面团）andbaked（烘焙）it.Shethoughtthatthechocolatewould（1）melt

intheovenandmakechocolatecookies.根据上下文意思猜测词义

猜测词义A通过上下文的关系猜词

Whenhewentoutsidethenextmorning,hefoundthemixtureinthejugfrozen(冻僵)withthemixingstickstuckinthemiddle.Frankpulledoutthefrozenpopandtastedit.Itwasdelicious!FrankstartedsellingEppersonIciclesfor5centseach.Helaterchangedthenameto(2)Popsicles.任务三请列举文中与(2)Popsicles同义的另外两个表述。（2分）______________________阅读下面短文，按要求完成各项任务。

frozenpopEppersonIcicles阅读表达(共5小题;每小题.2分，满分10分)

“ABiteofChina”isthenameofaTVprogramonCCTV-1andCCTV-9.It'smadebyourbestdirectors,threeofwhomhavewoninternationalprize.Itbegan2yearsago,showingtraditionalspecialtydishesindifferentplacesofChina.It'scausingaspendingstorm.Andmoreimportantly,itoffersyourichknowledgeofgeography,historyandculturewhenChineseeat.Theprogramshowsusbeautifulandperfectwaysoffood-making.Andit’snot________aboutdishes,italsogetspeoplefromdifferentplacestotellstoriesabouttheirexperiencewithfood.中考英语任务型阅读复习真题链接阅读表达(共5小题;每小题.2分，满分10分)

“ABiteofChina”isthenameofaTVprogramonCCTV-1andCCTV-9.It'smadebyourbestdirectors,threeofwhomhavewoninternationalprize.Itbegan2yearsago,showingtraditionalspecialtydishesindifferentplacesofChina.It'scausingaspendingstorm.Andmoreimportantly,itoffersyourichknowledgeofgeography,historyandculturewhenChineseeat.Theprogramshowsusbeautifulandperfectwaysoffood-making.Andit’snot________aboutdishes,italsogetspeoplefromdifferentplacestotellstoriesabouttheirexperiencewithfood.中考英语任务型阅读复习真题链接猜测词义题

AstheprogramservesasawindowallowingtheworldtobetterunderstandChina,theywanttohelppeopleallovertheworldenjoythebeautyofChinesefood,andlearnChinesecustomsandsocialrealities(现实)aswell.TheTVprogramisverypopularamongpeoplebothathomeandabroad.Aftertheprogram,manyChineserestaurantshaveincreasedinbusiness.Visitorshavecomealongwaytoenjoythefoodmentionedintheprogram.Theprogramalsohelpspeopletospeakabouttheirfoodsafety.

GaoYa，aChinesewholivesinGermany,wrote“Thetastesofhome,memoriesofchildhood,joysofworkanddreamoflife,Iwasmovedbyeachsimplestory.Andthismademesadderbecausewearelosingalotoftheseknowledge.Thosetraditionalwaysofactivitiesaredyingoutbecauseofthemodernlife.”中考英语任务型阅读复习真题链接

_______________________________________________________________________________________细节理解题

AstheprogramservesasawindowallowingtheworldtobetterunderstandChina,theywanttohelppeopleallovertheworldenjoythebeautyofChinesefood,andlearnChinesecustomsandsocialrealities(现实)aswell.TheTVprogramisverypopularamongpeoplebothathomeandabroad.Aftertheprogram,manyChineserestaurantshaveincreasedinbusiness.Visitorshavecomealongwaytoenjoythefoodmentionedintheprogram.Theprogramalsohelpspeopletospeakabouttheirfoodsafe