2023年中考英语语法学习之非谓语动词用法解析与练习巩固

2023年学校英语语法学习之非谓语动词用法解析与

练习稳固

L概念和功能：做非谓语成分（主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾

补）的动词形式，包括ing分词，不定式和ed分词。

2.非谓语动词使用条件：一个简洁句里只能有一个谓语动词，是主

要动作;假如还需要用动词，那么只能用非谓语动词作其它成分，表示

次要动作（假如一个句子里面有两个或两个以上的谓语动词，必定各自

有自己的主语，每一套主谓结构实际就是一个小简洁句，每两个小简洁

句之间应当有连词来表达它们之间的规律关系，这样的大句子就不是简

洁句，而是简单句了）。

3.各种非谓语动词的形式和意义（时间含义和时态）：

1）不定式：

（l）todo:

A.意义：多表后时，后于主要动作（一般为谓语动作）发生;少数动词

表示和主要动作相比是一个常态或者常常发生或者是一个泛指动作;多

表示主动关系，少数表示和相关名词或代词有动宾关系

B•句法功能：可作除谓语之外的任何成分（主，宾，表，定，状，宾

补）

C.例句：

Tobeateacherismydream.（主）

Idon'twanttodrink.（宾）Herintentionistoadvocateforeign

languagestudy.（表）1amadvertisingforayoungwomantolook

aftermybaby.（定,主动关系）Shehasnobodytotalkwith.（定,动

宾关系）Sheworkeddayandnighttoworkouta

solution.（状）Parentsexpecttheirchildrentosucceed.（宾补）

（2）tobedone:

A.意义：时间关系同todo;表示被动关系

B•句法功能：同todo.

C.例句：It'snothingfunnytobecalledaliar..（主，泛指动作）1

don,twanttobemadetoeatdogfood.（宾）Mydreamistobe

acceptedbyOxfordUniversity.（表）Themeetingtobeheldis

aboutenvironmentalprotection.（定）Tobeprotectedbythe

police,shehastoreporttothemabouthersituation.（状）The

childrenwantedtheireffortstobeappreciated.（宾补）

(3)tobedoing/tohavedone/tohavebeendone/tohave

beendoing:

A.意义：与主要动作完全同时(正在进行);主动关系/先于主要动作发

生;主动关系/先于主要动作发生;被动关系/在主要动作之前开头始终连

续到主要动作或者在主要动作之前某一点时刻正在发生;主动关系

B.句法功能：

这四种形式的不定式一般只和固定搭配中使用，如：

seem/appear/pretend/belikely/besaid/be

thought/beconsidered/bereported/bebelieved/be

supposed/turnout/mean/intend等+不定式

C.例句：Theypretendedtobefightingwhenthepolicepassed

by.=Theypretendedthattheywerefighting...

Theyaresaidtohaveclonedanimalsbefore.=It'ssaidthat

theyhavecloned...

Sheislikelytohavebeentrainedasazookeeper.=It'slikely

thatshewastrainedasazookeeper.

Sheisreportedtohavebeenworkingontheplanthesedays.

=Ifsreportedthatshehasbeenworkingon...

2）-ing分词

（l）doing

A.意义：与主要动作相比是同时关系，有时候表示是一个泛指动作；

主动关系（表示泛指动作时是动作发出者是泛指的任何人）

B.句法功能：

可作除谓语之外的任何成分（主，宾，表，定，状，宾补）

C.例句：Praisingchildrencanworkbetterthancriticizing

them.（主/宾，泛寺旨动作）Teachersenjoypointingouttheirstudents,

mistakes.（宾）Seeingisbelieving.（主/表,泛指动作）scientists

pushingaheadwiththeresearch（定）UsinguptheEarth1scoal

andoilreserves,thehumanracehastofindalternative

energy.（状）Keeptheballrolling（宾补）

（2）beingdone

.意义：时间关系同被动关系。

Adoingo

B.句法功能：主，宾，表，定，状，宾补

C.Beingbuilt,thebridgesuddenlycollapsed.（状）Being

interferedwithwhilestudyingcanbetheworstthing.（主）theboy

beingbeaten（定）Ican'tstandbeingblamedfornothing

wrong.（宾）WhatIreallyenjoyisbeingamusedbystandups.（表）

Seeingthefrontdoorbeingpainted,Igotinthroughtheback

door.

（3）havingdone

A.意义：先于主要动作发生;主动关系

B•句法功能：多做状语，有时做主，宾，表（不做定语和宾补）

C.例句：Iamsorryforhavingbeen/beinglateforthe

assemblyyesterday.（宾）

Havingdoneasimilarjobbeforegiveshimanadvantageover

me.（主）

Theonlythingyoucantellhimisyourhavingworkedasa

teacher.俵）Havingworkedasaprimaryschoolteacher,hesoon

adaptedtobeingwithchildren.（状）

（4）havingbeendone

A.意义：先于主要动作发生;被动关系。做状语时，假如不需要特殊

强调此一动作发生在先，havingbeen可省略。但假如强调已发生多

少次或多久，最好不省略。

B.句法功能：同havingdone

C.例句：Havingbeencriticizedformakingasmallmistake

reallyupsetsme.（主）

Iadmithavingbeen/beingfiredbythepany.（宾）WhatItold

herismyhavingbeenemployedbythepany.（表）（Havingbeen）

EducatedinScotland,heknowsBritishtablemannerswell.（状）

Havingbeenhumiliatedseveraltimes,hedidn'twantto

attendthesepartiesanymore.

3）done

A.意义：多表示先于主要动作发生（但持续性动词一般没有这个含义，

而是表示是一个常态）;被动关系

B•句法功能：定，状，表，宾补

（做状语时有时可以和havingbeendone互换。见上解释。

C.例句：thesubjectdiscussedatthemeeting（定）（Having

been）pleted,thebuildinglooksverybeautiful.（状）Thelakeis

heavilypolluted.俵）Theyleftthehousesdestroyed.（宾补）

4.非谓语动词短语的否认构成：not或其它否认词+非谓语动词短语

5.非谓语动词短语的规律主语：就是非谓语动词的动作或状态的拥

有者。

1)通常来说：

Q)非谓语动词短语作状语时，规律主语是句子的主语。如：Having

arichfather,hehadnoproblempayingforcollege.

(2)作定语时，规律主语是被修饰的名词。如：Thelibrarianhelping

mefindabooko

⑶作宾语时，规律主语是句子主语。如：Ican'thelplaughing.

(4)作主语时，规律主语泛指任何人或语境中的某人某物。如：

Buildingaroadupamountaintakesyears.

(5)作宾补时，规律主语是宾语。如：Theyforcedmetoacceptthat.

(6)作表语时，规律主语是句子主语。如：Thelionisfrightening.

2)自带规律主语，其中：

(1)在不定式前加forsb/sth表示规律主语，如：

Formysontogetmoreexercise,Imadehimwalktoschool.

(2)直接在-ing分词的加上名词表示规律主语;ing分词作主语和宾

语时也可以用名词全部格或形容词性物主限定词作规律主语，ing分词

作宾语时还可以用宾格人称代词作规律主语。如：

Myfather/Myfather's/Hisbeingillworriesme.

Idon'tmindTom/Tomzs/his/himusingmycar.

Myfatherbeingill,Ican'tconcentrateonmywork.

(3)在ed分词前直接加名词，不能用人称代词或物主限定词。如：

Hisworknotfinished,Frankfeltrelaxed.

Tomcaughtcheatingintheexam,Idecidedtostopdoing

that.

6.非谓语动词的习惯搭配：

非谓语动词的用法除了上表中的一般规律外，还有许多习惯搭配，

需要大家平常积累记忆。如：只能接ing作宾语的动词、只能接不定式

作宾语的动词、两者都可以接意义无差异的动词和两者都可以接但有区

分的动词。略。

【练习】

1)更正以下句中动词错误：

(l)Therearemanypeoplearewatchingthegame,(people

watching)

(2)ForeignerslearnEnglishisverydifficult.(Ifsverydifficult

forforeignerstolearnEnglish.)

(3)Findaplacetoparkisnoteasy.(Tofindaplace/Findinga

place)

(4)Waitingforherbus,acarhither.(shewashitbyacar)

(5)TolearnEnglishwell,herfatherboughtheradictionary.

(shegotherfathertobuyhera/Forhertolearn)

(6)Teenagerseasilybeeinterestinginthisgame,(interested)

(7)Makingsuchastupidmistakeisterribly

embarrassed.(embarrassing)

(8)Itwassillyofyoubelievewhathesaid.(tobelieve)

(9)Mostchildrenareinterestedinlistentostories,(in

listening)

(10)Jimisverygoodatmakingthingsandrepairthem.

(repairing)

(ll)Hedecidedtogotothesouth,findagoodjobandliving

there,(live)

(12)HissisterwillgetmarriedonMonday,Thomaswilltake

SundayandMondayoff.(Withhissistertogetmarried/Because

hissister)

(13)1suggesthertotakehersononthetrip,(hertaking)

(14)Practisingmedicineismywish.(Topractise)

(15)1havenobodytotalk,(totalkto/with)

(16)Themeetingtoholdisaboutaidtotheearthquake

victims,(tobeheld)

(17)Havingdestroyedintheearthquake,thebridgeisinruins

now.(Havingbeendestroyed/Destroyedin)

(18)Beingrepairedlastmonth,thewatchisworkingwell.

(Repaired)

(19)1regrettohavetoldherthetruth,butit'stoolate.

(regrettellingher)

(20)Hedevotedmostofhistimetolookafterhissickwife,(to

looking)

2)将以下各句中的从句改造成非谓语动词短语：

(l)__WhenIwasservingacustomer,__Iheardsomeone

shoutingforhelp.(Whenservinga/Servinga)

(2)__Asshehadpassedallthetests,__shegotherdiploma.

(Havingpassedall)

(3)__Thatheisstilldependentonhisparents__makeshima

laughingstock.(Stillbeingdependent)

(4)__Asheisinspiredbythehero,sexperience,__hedecides

toworkhardertoachievehisgoal.(Inspiredby)

(5)__Sincetheweatherisbeingfine,__wewillholdthesports

meetingtomorrow.(Theweatherbeingfine)

⑹__Themomentheheardthenews,__hecried.(Hearingthe

news)

(7)__Whenhehadopenedthedoor,__thebirdflewout.

(Havingopened)

(8)Hegotupveryearly__sothathewouldcatchthesixthirty

bus.__(inordertocatch/tocatch)

3)选择正确答案

l.rveheardhimaboutyouoften.

A.spokeB.speaksC.speakD.tospeak

2.Fmhungry.Getmesomething.

A.eatB.toeatC.eatingD.for

eating

3.Thereisn*tanydifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon(t

know

A.wheretochooseB.whichtochooseC.tochoosewhatD.

tochoosewhich

4.Theteachertoldthemmakesomuchnoise.

A.don1tB.notC.willnotD.not

to

5.shybeforestrangersisnormalforafouryearold

girl.

B.HavingfeltC.FeelshyD.Feltshy

6.Fmgoingtohavemyradio.

A.fixedB.tofixC.fixD.

fixing

7.Theworkerswantustogetherwiththem.

A.workB.workingC.toworkD.

worked

8.Theofficersnarrowlyescapedinthehotbattle.

A.havekilledB.tokillC.tobekilledD.being

killed

9.theletter,hewentouttopostit,

A.WritingB.BeingwrittenC.HavingwrittenD.

Written

10.Ifyouwaveyourbookinfrontofyourface,youcanfeel

theairagainstyourface.

A.movedB.movingC.movesD.

tomove

11.Don'tyouremember?

A.seeingthemanbeforeB.toseethemanbeforeC.saw

themanbeforeD.tohaveseenthemanbefore

12.Peoplecouldn'thelpthefoolishemperorinthe

procession.

A.laughatB.tolaughatC.laughingatD.

laughingon

13.What'sthelanguageinGermany?

A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.to

speak

14.We'relookingforwardthephotoexhibition.

A.tovisitingB.tovisitC.tohavingvisitedD.

visiting

15.Thegirlunderthattreeismysister.

A.sittingB.sitsC.issittingD.sat

16.someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.

A.FollowedB.FollowedbyC.BeingfollowedD.Having

beenfollowedby

17.Thissentenceneeds

A.animprovementB.improveC.improvingD.

improved

18.anythingabouttheaccident,hewenttoworkas

usual.

A.NotknownB.KnownnotC.KnowingnotD.

Notknowing

19.A:Haveyoudecidedwhen?

B:Yes,tomorrowmorning.

A.toleaveB.tobeleavingC.willyouleaveD.are

youleaving

20.1reallyenjoythatkindofjob.

A.doB.doingC.todoD.

tobedoing

21.Onlyoneofthesebooksis

A.worthtoreadB.worthbeingreadC.wrothof

readingD.worthreading

22.Hehadhisleginthematchyesterday.

A.tobreakB.brokenC.breakD.

breaking

23.Mostofthepeopletothepartywerefamous

scientists.

A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.

inviting

24.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister,today

hewasmadebyhislittlesister.

A.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;

cry

25.Theywouldnotallowhimacrosstheenemyline.

A.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.risk

going

26.moreattention,thetreesc