广东省深圳市2023-2024学年高一下学期期末调研考试英语试题（解析版）

2024年深圳市普通高中高一年级调研考试英语试卷共10页，卷面满分150分，考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在答题卡上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔在答题卡上将对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案。答案不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，留存试卷，交回答题卡。第一部分基础知识(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)单项选择从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.We’dbetter________theproblemswithapositiveattitudeandastrongwill.A.confirm B.avoid C.settle D.stress【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们最好以积极的态度和坚强的意志来解决问题。A.confirm确认；B.avoid避免；C.settle解决；D.stress强调。根据“theproblemswithapositiveattitudeandastrongwill”可知，此处是指以积极的态度和坚强的意志来解决问题。故选C。2.Encouraging________inchildrencanhelpthemthinkoutsidethebox.A.creativity B.responsibility C.generosity D.honesty【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：鼓励孩子们的创造力可以帮助他们进行创意思考。A.creativity创造力；B.responsibility责任；C.generosity慷慨；D.honesty诚实。根据“thinkoutsidethebox”可知，要鼓励孩子们的创造力。故选A项。3.Whenmakinganyimportantdecisions,weshouldthinkcarefullybefore________.A.lettingoffsteam B.pullingourweightC.risingtoourfeet D.jumpinginwithbothfeet【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在做任何重要决定之前，我们应该三思而后行。A.lettingoffsteam释放精力，发泄怒气，宣泄感情；B.pullingourweight尽本分，尽职责；C.risingtoourfeet站起来；D.jumpinginwithbothfeet踊跃参加，全心全意投入。根据“Whenmakinganyimportantdecisions,weshouldthinkcarefully”可知，决定去做任何事情之前，我们应该仔细考虑。故选D项。4.Mostteenagersareeagertobecome________andmaketheirowndecisions.A.humorous B.independent C.energetic D.polite【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大多数青少年都渴望独立并做出自己的决定。A.humorous幽默的；B.independent独立的；C.energetic精力充沛的；D.polite有礼貌的。根据后文“maketheirowndecisions.”可知，大多数青少年都渴望独立的，故选B项。5.Thenumbersinthereport________theinfluenceofclimatechangeonglobaltemperature.A.limit B.indicate C.strengthen D.determine【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：报告中的数字表明了气候变化对全球气温的影响。A.limit限制；B.indicate表示；C.strengthen强化；D.determine决定。此处用作句子的谓语，根据句意可知，空格处缺少的意思是“表明”，故选B项。6.Thelittleboywasso________abouteverythingaroundhimthathekeptaskingquestions.A.patient B.sorry C.curious D.shy【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个小男孩对周围的一切都很好奇，他不停地问问题。A.patient耐心的；B.sorry抱歉的；C.curious好奇的；D.shy害羞的。根据“hekeptaskingquestions”可知，此处是指对周围的一切都很好奇。故选C。7.Atlast,Jackdecidedto________histeacherforbreakingthewindow.A.apologiseto B.competewith C.showrespectto D.singpraisesfor【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：最后，杰克决定为打破窗户向老师道歉。A.apologiseto向……道歉；B.competewith与……抗争；C.showrespectto尊敬；D.singpraisesfor歌颂。根据“histeacherforbreakingthewindow”可知，此处是指为打破窗户向老师道歉。故选A。8.TheHemuduSitewasdiscovered________byafarmerwhendiggingawellinhisyardin1973.A.accidentally B.currently C.frequently D.obviously【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：河姆渡遗址是1973年一位农民在自家院子里打井时偶然发现的。A.accidentally偶然地；B.currently目前，当前；C.frequently频繁地，经常；D.obviously明显地，显而易见地。结合“whendiggingawellinhisyard”可知，河姆渡遗址是偶然间被发现的，应用accidentally“偶然地”修饰动词discovered。故选A。9.Thecompanydecidedto________theproductshowuntilnextmonthforadditionaltesting.A.replace B.describe C.quit D.postpone【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：该公司决定将产品展示推迟到下个月进行进一步测试。A.replace更换；B.describe描述；C.quit退出；D.postpone推迟。根据“untilnextmonth”可知，空格处表示的意思是“推迟”，故选D项。10.Therestaurantoffersvariousdishestomakesurethereare________optionsforallcustomers.A.dangerous B.sufficient C.original D.foolish【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这家餐厅提供各种各样的菜肴，以确保所有顾客都有足够的选择。A.dangerous危险的；B.sufficient足够的；C.original原始的；D.foolish愚蠢的。根据“variousdishes”可知，这家餐厅能提供“足够多的”选择，故选B项。11.Likeclimbingthemountain,itisnotthe________butthesceneryalongthewaythatmatters.A.destination B.technique C.decoration D.tourism【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像爬山一样，重要的不是终点，而是沿途的风景。A.destination终点，目的地；B.technique技巧；C.decoration装饰；D.tourism旅游业。根据句中“thesceneryalongthewaythatmatters”可知，重要的是沿途的风景，而不是终点(destination)。故选A项。12.Thehikerwas________bythesuddenappearanceofabearandhislegsstartedtoshake.A.inspired B.bored C.frightened D.moved【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那个徒步旅行者被突然出现的熊吓坏了，他的腿开始发抖。A.inspired启发；B.bored使厌倦；C.frightened使受惊吓；D.moved使感动。根据“bythesuddenappearanceofabearandhislegsstartedtoshake”可知，此处是指被突然出现的熊吓坏了。故选C。13.Balancingworkandlifeisacommon________facedbymanypeopleintoday’sfast-paced(快节奏的)world.A.effect B.mistake C.design D.challenge【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在当今快节奏的世界中，平衡工作和生活是许多人面临的共同挑战。A.effect影响；B.mistake错误；C.design设计；D.challenge挑战。根据前文“Balancingworkandlife”可知，平衡工作和生活应是一种挑战。故选D项。14.—Excuseme,canweenterthelibrary?—Sorry,theshelves________now.Youcancomeherenextmonth.A.hasrearranged B.haverearrangedC.isbeingrearranged D.arebeingrearranged【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查现在进行时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：——打扰一下，我们能进图书馆吗？——对不起，书架正在重新摆放。你可以下个月来。根据“Youcancomeherenextmonth”可知，此处是指书架正在重新摆放，应用现在进行时。动词rearrange意为“重新摆放”，和主语构成被动关系。主语shelves为复数形式。故选D。15.Regularexerciseenablesindividuals________ahealthyandbalancedlifestyle.A.maintaining B.tomaintain C.maintained D.havingmaintained【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有规律的运动能使个人保持健康和平衡的生活方式。enablesb.todosth.是一个固定短语，意思是“使某人能够做某事”，用动词不定式来作宾语补足语。故选B。16.—________Iuseyourglue?I’mmakingakite.—Noproblem.Hereyouare.A.Should B.Need C.Must D.May【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词用法。句意：——我可以用你的胶水吗？我在做风筝。——没问题。给你。A.Should应该；B.Need需要；C.Must必须；D.May可能。此处表征求他人的同意，应用情态动词may引导一般疑问句。故选D。17.Finning,atypeoffishing________sharksarecaughtandtheirfinscutoff,killsmillionsofsharkseveryyear.A.that B.which C.where D.when【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：鳍鱼捕鱼是一种捕获鲨鱼并割下鱼鳍的捕鱼方式，每年有数百万条鲨鱼死亡。A.that那个；B.which其中，哪一个；C.where在哪里；D.when什么时候。空格处为定语从句引导词，从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且先行词为“atypeoffishing”，此处理解为一种抽象地点，所以应用关系副词where。故选C项。18.When________abouthisexperienceofstudyingabroad,hetoldstoriesofculturaldifferences.A.asked B.asking C.toask D.havingasked【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：当被问及他的留学经历时，他讲述了文化差异的故事。根据空格前的when和选项内容可知，此处考查状语从句的省略，when引导的完整从句为whenhewasaskedabouthisexperienceofstudyingabroad，从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中有be动词，符合状语从句省略的条件，省略从句的主语和be动词was。故选A。19.ByAugust1939,NicholasWintonhadtransported669children________interribleconditionsinPraguetosafetyinBritain.A.lived B.tolive C.living D.live【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：到1939年8月，尼古拉斯·温顿(NicholasWinton)已经将669名生活在布拉格恶劣环境中的儿童送到了英国的安全地带。“(live)interribleconditionsinPrague”作后置定语修饰名词children，live(生活)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语children之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。选C项。20.ShaanxiHistoryMuseum,________wevisitedlastweekinXi’an,impressedusdeeply.A.that B.which C.where D.what【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们上周参观了西安的陕西历史博物馆，给我们留下了深刻的印象。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句中缺少宾语，且先行词为ShaanxiHistoryMuseum，指物，应用关系代词which。故选B。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ADiscoverexcitingoptionalcoursesatourschoolandjoinustoexploreyourinterestsanddevelopnewskills!Podcasting101Diveintotheactiveworldofpodcasting(播客)andimproveyourspeakingandtechnicalskills.Thiscourseoffershands-ontraininginmakinginterestingvideosontopicsofyourchoice.Aperfectstagetoexpressyourselfandlearntheropesofdigitalstorytelling.·Schedule:Fridays,4:30PM—5:15PM·Requirements:PleasebringaUSBstickEasyCarpentryReleaseyourcreativityandmanualskillswithourEasyCarpentry(木工)workshop.Learnthebasicsofcarpentry,includingthesafeuseoftools,asyoucreatefunctionalanddecorativeitemsliketables,birdhousesandmusicalboxes.·Schedule:Mondays,3:30PM—4:30PM·Requirements:SafetyglassesrequiredShowChoirExploretheartofsingingperformanceanddanceroutinesinourShowChoirprogram.Takepartinsinginganddancingtoavarietyoflivelysongs.Worktogetherwithothermemberstostageanimpressiveend-of-termperformance.Thisprogramisafantasticopportunitytomakenewfriends.·Schedule:Thursdays,1:00PM—1:45PM·Requirements:NoitemsnecessaryYogaandYouStartajourneyofself-discoveryandrelaxationwithourYogaandYouclass.Practicestandingandbalancingliketreesandmountainstobecomemoreflexibleandfeelhappier.Yogapromotesbettersleepandahealthierfigure.·Schedule:Wednesdays,4:00PM—5:00PM·Requirements:Pleasebringatowelandayogamat21.WhatskillwillstudentsdevelopinPodcasting101?A.Performingfirstaid. B.Givingspeechesonstage.C.Creatingshortfilms. D.Debatingonheatedtopics.22.Whencanastudentlearntomakeahand-madedecoration?A.Fridays,4:30PM—5:15PM. B.Mondays,3:30PM—4:30PM.C.Thursdays,1:00PM—1:45PM. D.Wednesdays,4:00PM—5:00PM.23.Whichcoursesuitsthosewhoenjoybothphysicalactivityandteamwork?A.Podcasting101. B.EasyCarpentry.C.ShowChoir. D.YogaandYou.【答案】21.C22.B23.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四门令人兴奋的选修课程，包括其课程内容、上课时间和要求等信息。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据Podcasting101中“Thiscourseoffershands-ontraininginmakinginterestingvideosontopicsofyourchoice.(本课程提供实践培训，让你根据自己选择的主题制作有趣的视频)”可知，在播客课中，学生将培养创作短片的技能。故选C项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据EasyCarpentry中“Learnthebasicsofcarpentry,includingthesafeuseoftools,asyoucreatefunctionalanddecorativeitemsliketables,birdhousesandmusicalboxes.(在你创造一些功能性和装饰性的物品，如桌子、鸟舍和音乐盒时，学习木工的基础知识，包括工具的安全使用)”和“Schedule:Mondays,3:30PM—4:30PM(时间安排：周一下午3:30至4:30)”可知，在木工课中，学生可以学习制作手工装饰，上课时间为周一下午3:30至4:30。故选B项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据ShowChoir中“Takepartinsinginganddancingtoavarietyoflivelysongs.Worktogetherwithothermemberstostageanimpressiveend-of-termperformance.(配合各种活泼的歌曲，参与歌舞表演。与其他成员合作，上演令人印象深刻的期末表演)”可知，在艺术表演团课中，学生需要表演歌舞，和其他成员合作，因此它适合那些既喜欢体育活动又喜欢团队合作的人。故选C项。BAnneofGreenGablesisideallymeantforchildren—onemightthinksowhenseeingthecoverorreadingthroughthebackpageofthemasterpiece.Itwasfirstpublishedintheyear1904,authoredbyLucyMaudMontgomery,butitstillconnectstotoday’sworldwhereweforgettoliveinthepresent.IttellsoftheadventuresofAnneShirley,an11-year-oldorphan(孤儿)girlwhoismistakenlysenttoMatthewandMarillaCuthbert,amiddle-agedbrotherandsisterwhohadintendedtoadoptaboytohelpthemontheirfarminthefictionaltownofAvonlea.ThenoveldescribeshowAnnemakesherwaywiththeCuthberts,inschool,andwithinthetown.Thebookteachesmealotofthingsthemostimportantbeing—tobewhoyouare.Whydoweneedtopretendtobesomebodyelseandprojectafalseimageofourselvestolookbetter?Weneedtorealizethatwearealldifferentinourownwayandacceptourselvesfirst.Asisdescribedinthebook,Anneisacolorfulandever-growingcharacter.She“hasasmanyshadesasarainbowandeveryshadeistheprettiestwhileitlasts.”Eachaspectofherpersonalityisbeautiful,whichmakesheruniqueandinteresting.Anotherimportantconceptthatisillustratedremarkablywellistheimportanceoftakingjoyintheworldaroundus.Anne’sobviouswonder-struckappreciationoflifemademetrulyappreciatethesmallthings.Hereismyfavouritequote(引言)fromChapter19:Ibelievethenicestandsweetestdaysarenotthoseonwhichanythingverysplendidorwonderfulorexcitinghappensbutjustthosethatbringsimplelittlepleasures,followingoneanothersoftly,likepearlsslippingoffastring.Anne’sinfluencehasdeeplyshapedwhoIamtoday.Thisclassicnoveltrulyhighlightstheimportanceofself-loveandgratitude.Withitsupliftingandrefreshingstory,itisawonderfulreadforpeopleofallagesseekingajoyfulandenrichingliteraryjourney.24.WhatdoweknowaboutAnneofGreenGables?A.Itisarecentrelease. B.Itcoversrealevents.C.Itisatimelessclassic. D.Itfeaturesworldhistory.25.WhatcanwelearnaboutAnnefromparagraph3?A.Sheistruetoherself. B.Sheachieveshergoal.C.Sheistalentedindrawing. D.Shecaresaboutothers.26.WhichofthefollowingbestmatchesthequotefromChapter19?A.Timewaitsfornoman. B.Doonethingatatime.C.Fortunefavoursthebrave. D.Stopandsmelltheroses.27.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Totellastory. B.Torememberawriter.C.Toteachalesson. D.Torecommendabook.【答案】24.C25.A26.D27.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者向读者介绍了《绿山墙的安妮》这一本小说。介绍了安妮的成长，处事态度，感恩精神，以及这本书对作者的影响。【24题详解】推理判断题。文章第一段讲到“AnneofGreenGablesisideallymeantforchildren—onemightthinksowhenseeingthecoverorreadingthroughthebackpageofthemasterpiece.Itwasfirstpublishedintheyear1904,authoredbyLucyMaudMontgomery,butitstillconnectstotoday’sworldwhereweforgettoliveinthepresent.(《绿山墙的安妮》是儿童的理想之作——当人们看到封面或翻阅这部杰作的封底时，可能会这么认为。它于1904年首次出版，作者是露西·莫德·蒙哥马利，但它仍然与我们忘记生活在当下的当今世界联系在一起。)”可知，《绿山墙的安妮》是一部永恒的经典之作。故选C。【25题详解】推理判断题。文章第三段讲到“Thebookteachesmealotofthings,themostimportantbeing—tobewhoyouare.Whydoweneedtopretendtobesomebodyelseandprojectafalseimageofourselvestolookbetter?Weneedtorealizethatwearealldifferentinourownwayandacceptourselvesfirst.(这本书教会了我很多东西，最重要的是——做你自己。为什么我们需要假装成别人，给自己树立一个虚假的形象，让自己看起来更好？我们需要意识到，我们在自己的方式上都是不同的，并首先接受自己。)”可知，第一句是本段的主旨句，告诉我们本段主旨是：做你自己。下文用安妮的例子来证明这一观点。从第三段我们可以了解到安妮忠于自己。故选A。【26题详解】推理判断题。文章倒数第二段讲到“Ibelievethenicestandsweetestdaysarenotthoseonwhichanythingverysplendidorwonderfulorexcitinghappensbutjustthosethatbringsimplelittlepleasures(我相信，最美好、最甜蜜的日子并不是那些发生了任何精彩、美妙或激动人心的事情的日子，而是那些带来简单小快乐的日子)”可知，生活中的点滴小事情就是最美好、最甜蜜的日子，因此最符合第19章的引文的是：停下来闻一闻玫瑰花。故选D。【27题详解】推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到“Withitsupliftingandrefreshingstory,itisawonderfulreadforpeopleofallagesseekingajoyfulandenrichingliteraryjourney.(它以其振奋人心、令人耳目一新的故事，为寻求一段快乐而丰富的文学之旅的各个年龄段的人们提供了一本精彩的读物。)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本书。故选D。CTheoworksdays,nights,andweekendsinthetulip(郁金香)fieldsintheNetherlandsandnevercomplainsabouttiredmuscles.Howisthispossible?Theo,namedafteraretiredfarmer,isahigh-techrobotinthebattletorootoutdiseasefromthefields.Therobotrollsalongrowsofyellowandredtulips,checkingeachplantand,whennecessary,killingdiseasedbulbs(鳞茎)topreventthespreadofthetulip-breakingvirus(病毒).Thevirusweakensthebulb,leavingthemunabletoflower.Thedeadbulbsareremovedfromhealthyonesinasortingcenteraftertheyhavebeenharvested.Thereare45robotslikeTheoworkinginthetulipfieldsoftheNetherlands.Theirjobbecomesimportantasthewinterturnstospringandpeakseasonnears,whenpeoplecomefromaroundtheworldtoadmirethecolorfulflowers.Inthepast,thisworkwascarriedoutbyknowledgeablefarmers.AllanVisserisathird-generationtulipfarmerwhoisusingtherobot.“Youcouldbuyaverynicesportscarforthepriceoftherobot,”Vissersaid.Therobotcosts185,000euros.“It’salotslowerthanasportscar,rollingoncaterpillartracksthroughfields,”headded.“ButIchoosetherobotbecauseasportscardoesn’tseethesicktulips.Nowtherearefewerandfewerpeoplewhocanreallydothat.”Therobotshavebeentrainedtodetectsickplants.Theyhavecamerasandtakethousandsofphotosofthetulips.TheirAImodelexaminesthephotos,huntingoutsignsonsickplants,anddecideswhichonesneedtobekilled.TheengineerexplainstherobotsuseGPStobesuretheyaredestroyingthecorrecttulips.TheheartofthemachineistheknowledgeputintotheAImodel,whichcomesfromexperiencedtulipfarmerslikeTheovanderVoort,whogavehisnametotherobot.VanderVoortretiredafter52yearsoflookingforsickflowersinhisfields.“It’sfantastic,”hesaid.“ItseesjustasmuchasIsee.”28.Whatdoestherobotdo?A.Plantnewtulips. B.Cleartroubledbulbs.C.Killdeadlyvirus. D.Harvestgrownflowers.29.WhatcanweinferfromVisser’swords?A.Hedreamsofasportscar. B.Tulipfieldsarelowinproduction.C.Therobotisworththecost. D.Farmerslacktechnicalknowledge.30.Whatisthekeytomakingtherobotsworkeffectively?A.GPSsystems. B.High-techcameras.C.Dailytraining. D.Humanknowledge.31.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Theo’sWatch:AnAdvanceinTulipFarmingB.AlRobots:AReplacementforAgingFarmersC.TulipSeasons:AnAttractionoftheNetherlandsD.Visser’sPractice:ATraditioninTulipBusinesses【答案】28.B29.C30.D31.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰郁金香田中使用的高科技机器人Theo的工作情况，包括其如何检测并杀死生病的郁金香鳞茎以防止病毒传播，以及这些机器人在郁金香产业中的重要性。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Therobotrollsalongrowsofyellowandredtulips,checkingeachplantand,whennecessary,killingdiseasedbulbs(鳞茎)topreventthespreadofthetulip-breakingvirus(病毒).Thevirusweakensthebulb,leavingthemunabletoflower.Thedeadbulbsareremovedfromhealthyonesinasortingcenteraftertheyhavebeenharvested.(机器人沿着一排排黄色和红色的郁金香滚动，检查每棵植物，必要时，杀死患病的鳞茎，以防止郁金香破裂病毒的传播。病毒削弱了球茎，使它们无法开花。在收获后，死球茎会在分拣中心从健康球茎中取出。)”可知，机器人Theo在郁金香田中滚动，检查每株植物，并在必要时杀死生病的鳞茎以防止郁金香破碎病毒的传播。因此，它的工作是清除有问题的鳞茎。故选B。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“AllanVisserisathird-generationtulipfarmerwhoisusingtherobot.“Youcouldbuyaverynicesportscarforthepriceoftherobot,”Vissersaid.Therobotcosts185,000euros.“It’salotslowerthanasportscar,rollingoncaterpillartracksthroughfields,”headded.“ButIchoosetherobotbecauseasportscardoesn’tseethesicktulips.Nowtherearefewerandfewerpeoplewhocanreallydothat.”(AllanVisser是第三代郁金香种植者，他正在使用这个机器人。“你可以用机器人的价格买一辆非常好的跑车，”Visser说。该机器人售价18.5万欧元。“它比跑车慢得多，在田地里的履带上滚动，”他补充说。“但我选择机器人是因为跑车看不到病态的郁金香。现在真正能做到这一点的人越来越少了。”)”可知，从Visser的话中，我们可以推断出他认为这个机器人是值得这个价格的。他提到虽然机器人的价格相当于一辆很漂亮的跑车，但是跑车并不能看到生病的郁金香，而机器人可以。这暗示了他认为机器人虽然昂贵，但其能够执行的工作和带来的效益使得这个价格是值得的。故选C。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“TheirAImodelexaminesthephotos,huntingoutsignsonsickplants,anddecideswhichonesneedtobekilled.TheengineerexplainstherobotsuseGPStobesuretheyaredestroyingthecorrecttulips.TheheartofthemachineistheknowledgeputintotheAImodel,whichcomesfromexperiencedtulipfarmerslikeTheovanderVoort,whogavehisnametotherobot.(他们的人工智能模型检查照片，寻找生病植物上的迹象，并决定哪些需要杀死。这位工程师解释说，机器人使用GPS来确保它们摧毁的是正确的郁金香。这台机器的核心是输入人工智能模型的知识，这些知识来自于经验丰富的郁金香种植者，比如TheovanderVoort，他给这台机器人取了名字。)”可知，机器人的核心是AI模型中的知识，这些知识来自于像TheovanderVoort这样有经验的郁金香农民。这表明，使机器人有效工作的关键是人类的知识和经验，它们被输入到AI模型中，以便机器人能够准确地检测和处理生病的郁金香。故选D。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Theoworksdays,nights,andweekendsinthetulip(郁金香)fieldsintheNetherlandsandnevercomplainsabouttiredmuscles.Howisthispossible?Theo,namedafteraretiredfarmer,isahigh-techrobotinthebattletorootoutdiseasefromthefields.(Theo不分昼夜，连周末都在荷兰的郁金香地里工作，从不抱怨肌肉疲劳。这怎么可能呢？Theo是以一位退休农民的名字命名的，他是一个高科技机器人，在田地里消灭疾病。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了机器人Theo在荷兰郁金香田中的应用和其在提高生产效率、预防病毒传播方面的重要性。选项A“Theo’sWatch:AnAdvanceinTulipFarming(Theo的守望：郁金香农业的进步)”既突出了主角机器人Theo，又表明了它所带来的农业进步，最能概括文章的主旨。故选A。DParentsofteenagersoftenviewtheirchildren’sfriendswithdistrust,worryingthattheirchildrenwillbepushedbytheirpeers(同龄人)intodoingsomethingfoolishorevendangerous.Theirworriesholdwater.Inapreviousstudy,psychologistLaurenceSteinbergfoundthatateenagedriverwithasame-agepassengerinthecarisathigherriskoftrafficaccidentsthanonedrivingaloneorwithanadult.Inthefollowingyears,Steinbergexaminedwhyteensweremorelikelytotakerisksinthecompanyofotherteenagers.Inalaterstudy,byscanning(扫描)thebrainsof40teensandadults,Steinbergfoundthebrainsofteenagers,butnotadults,showedgreateractivityintworegionsassociatedwithrewardswhentheywerebeingobservedbysame-agepeers.Therewardsystemsofthebrainareactivatedwheneverpeopleexperiencesomethingrewarding,likeeatinganice-tastingfood,whichmakethemfeelsatisfied.Inthiscase,rewardsaregreaterforteens,whichmotivatesthemtoseekhigher-riskexperiences.ButSteinbergthoughtpeerpressuremightalsohaveitspositiveside.Inthelateststudy,Steinberg’steamusedacardgametoresearchhowpeersaffectthewayyoungpeoplegatherandapplyinformation.Itinvolved101teenageboyswhoplayedeitheraloneorwiththreepeers.Theychosecardsfromfourdecks(牌堆):twodeckshad“good”cards,andtwo“bad”ones.Playerswithpeersweremorewillingtotakerisks,tryingtofigureoutwhichdeckscouldhelpthemtowin.Theresultsshowedthatteensplayingwiththeirpeersengageinmoreexploratorybehavior,learnfasterandachievebetterperformanceonthetaskthanthoseplayingalone.Nowsomeexpertsareproposingthatweshouldtakeadvantageoftheteens’keensensitivity(敏感)tothepresenceoffriendstoimproveeducation.“Risktakinginaneducationalcontextisavitalskillthatenablesprogressandcreativity,”wroteSarah-JayneBlakemore,aprofessoratUniversityCollegeLondon.32.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“holdwater”inparagraph1mean?A.Makesense. B.Facedoubts.C.Bringrelief. D.Startdebates.33.Whatisthereasonbehindteens’dangerousbehavior?A.Inabilitytotellrightfromwrong.B.Asenseofsatisfaction.C.Eagernesstofollowtheirfriends.D.Lackofsocialexperience.34.Howdoesrisk-takingaffectteensinthelateststudy?A.Itstartsfightsbetweenthem.B.Itinspiresthemtoquestion.C.Itweakenstheirindependence.D.Ithelpsthemtolearnbetter.35.WhatwouldBlakemoresuggestteachersdointheclassroom?A.Conductgroupdiscussion.B.Improvetimemanagement.C.Encouragepersonalopinions.D.Developdecision-makingskills.【答案】32.A33.B34.D35.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了青少年与同龄人在一起时更容易冒险的原因，并通过实验表明同龄人的影响也会促使青少年在学习方面取得更好的表现，专家建议利用青少年对朋友的敏感来促进教育。【32题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Parentsofteenagersoftenviewtheirchildren’sfriendswithdistrust,worryingthattheirchildrenwillbepushedbytheirpeersintodoingsomethingfoolishorevendangerous.Theirworriesholdwater.”（青少年的父母往往不信任他们孩子的朋友，担心他们的孩子会被同龄人怂恿去做一些愚蠢甚至危险的事情。他们的担忧holdwater。）和下文“Inapreviousstudy,psychologistLaurenceSteinbergfoundthatateenagedriverwithasame-agepassengerinthecarisathigherriskoftrafficaccidentsthanonedrivingaloneorwithanadult.”（在之前的一项研究中，心理学家劳伦斯·斯坦伯格发现，与单独驾驶或与成年人驾驶相比，与同龄乘客一起驾驶的青少年司机发生交通事故的风险更高。）可知，下文用一项研究结论来说明青少年与同龄人在一起时，做一些愚蠢甚至危险的事情，发生意外的可能性确实更高，所以“父母的担心是有道理的”，holdwater与makesense意思相近，意为“有道理”。故选A项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Therewardsystemsofthebrainareactivatedwheneverpeopleexperiencesomethingrewarding,likeeatinganice-tastingfood,whichmakethemfeelsatisfied.Inthiscase,rewardsaregreaterforteens,whichmotivatesthemtoseekhigher-riskexperiences.”（当人们体验到一些有益的东西时，大脑的奖励系统就会被激活，比如吃到美味的食物，这会让他们感到满足。在这种情况下，青少年获得的奖励更大，这促使他们寻求更高风险的体验。）可知，青少年之所以会有危险行为，是因为他们寻求奖励，寻求满足感，所以获得满足感是青少年危险行为背后的原因。故选B项。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Playerswithpeersweremorewillingtotakerisks,tryingtofigureoutwhichdeckscouldhelpthemtowin.Theresultsshowedthatteensplayingwiththeirpeersengageinmoreexploratorybehavior,learnfasterandachievebetterperformanceonthetaskthanthoseplayingalone.”（有同伴的玩家更愿意冒险，试图找出哪些牌组可以帮助他们获胜。结果表明，与同龄人一起玩的青少年比单独玩的青少年更有探索行为，学习速度更快，在任务中表现更好。）可知，在最新的研究中，有同伴的玩家更愿意冒险，而这种冒险可以帮助青少年学得更快，表现更好。故选D项。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Nowsomeexpertsareproposingthatweshouldtakeadvantageoftheteens’keensensitivity(敏感)

tothepresenceoffriendstoimproveeducation.”（现在，一些专家建议，我们应该利用青少年对朋友在场的敏锐感知来改善教育。）和Blakemore的话“Risktakinginaneducationalcontextisavitalskillthatenablesprogressandcreativity,”（在教育背景下，冒险是一项重要的技能，它能够促进进步和创造力的发展。）可推知，Blakemore会建议教师在课堂上进行小组讨论等活动，利用青少年对朋友在场的敏锐感知来提高他们的冒险精神和创造力。故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。StandingatthetopofastaircaseintheLouvreinParis,theNike,ortheWingedVictory(胜利女神),looksdownoverheradmiringcrowds.ThisstatueisoneofthemostfamousartworksofGreekart.____36____LateritwasbroughttoParisandhasbeenondisplayintheLouvresince1866.TheNikeconsistsoftwoparts:alargeship’sfrontpart,andastandingstatuewithatotalheightofmorethaneighteenfeet.ItlooksliketheWingedVictoryhasjustflowndownfromthesky.____37____Thewindblowsherdressacrossherbody,gatheringitinheavyfolds,andstreamingbehindher.Whenviewerslookather,theycanalmostfeelthewindfromthesea.____38____Thestatue,asitstandstodayintheLouvre,hasbeenpartlyrepaired.Therightwingisamoderncopy,butthemissingfeet,arms,andheadhavenotbeenrecovered,givingviewersmuchtoimagine.Forinstance,didtheNikeholdobjectsinherhands?Infact,peoplefoundherrighthandin1950,whosefingersarespreadout.____39____Shemusthavesimplyraisedherrightarmingreeting.Herheadmayhavelookedstraightahead,andviewerscanonlyguessaboutthefeaturesofherface.____40____AsoneofthefewexistingexamplesoforiginalGreeksculpture,itwillcontinuetoattractviewers,justasitundoubtedlydidbefore.A.Thismeansthatshecannothaveheldanyobject.B.TheNikeisinchargeofvictoryinancientGreekstories.C.ItwasfoundonaGreekislandintheAegeanseain1863.D.Thisstatuewasmadebyartistswholeftnonamesinhistory.E.It’shardforthemtobelievesuchalifelikestatueismadeofstone.F.Landingontopoftheship,shecelebratesthevictoryofanancientbattle.G.Despiteitsincompletesurvival,theWingedVictoryistrulyamasterpiece.【答案】36.C37.F38.E39.A40.G【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了卢浮宫里的WingedVictory雕像的历史，艺术形态和历史价值。【36题详解】下文“LateritwasbroughttoParisandhasbeenondisplayintheLouvresince1866.(后来被带到巴黎，自1866年以来一直在卢浮宫展出。)”说明的是雕像的历史变迁，因此C项“它于1863年在爱琴海的一个希腊岛屿上被发现”符合语境，故选C。37题详解】上文“WingedVictoryhasjustflowndownfromthesky(WingedVictory刚刚从空中飞下来)”说明的是雕像的状态，空格处承接上文“飞下来”，然后“降落在船顶”，因此F项“她登上舰顶，庆祝一场古老战役的胜利”符合语境，故选F。【38题详解】上文“Thewindblowsherdressacrossherbody,gatheringitinheavyfolds,andstreamingbehindher.Whenviewerslookather,theycanalmostfeelthewindfromthesea.(风把她的裙子吹到身上，卷起厚厚的褶皱，流到身后。当观众看着她时，他们几乎能感觉到来自大海的风)”说明雕像的形态栩栩如生，因此E项“他们很难相信这么逼真的雕像是石头做的”符合语境，故选E。【39题详解】上文“Forinstance,didtheNikeholdobjectsinherhands?Infact,peoplefoundherrighthandin1950,whosefingersarespreadout.(例如，耐克是否将物体握在她的手中？事实上，人们在1950年发现了她的右手，她的手指是张开的)”说明空格处回答了上文提出的问题：是否将物体握在她的手中？因此A项“这意味着她不能拿任何东西”符合语境，故选A。【40题详解】上文“Herheadmayhavelookedstraightahead,andviewerscanonlyguessaboutthefeaturesofherface.(她的头可能直视前方，观众只能猜测她的面部特征)”说明WingedVictory的头部是不存在的，是不完整的，以及下文“AsoneofthefewexistingexamplesoforiginalGreeksculpture,itwillcontinuetoattractviewers,justasitundoubtedlydidbefore(作为现存为数不多的希腊原始雕塑之一，它将继续吸引观众，就像它以前毫无疑问地那样)”说明WingedVictory的重要意义和价值，可知，空格处起着承上启下的作用，因此G项“尽管WingedVictory未完全幸存，但它确实是一部杰作”符合语境，故选G。第三部分语言运用(共三节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。JasonSmithisapublishedchildren’sauthorandaward-winningpoet.Butgrowingup,hecould____41____read.Jasonandhisthreesisterswereraisedbyasinglemother,andsheoftenhadto