人教版高中英语选择性必修三Unit4限时训练

选择性必修三Unit4英语限时训练一单句语法填空（此题20个句子都来自Unit4课本重要句子的改编）WhenIappliedtojointheexpedition,ShackletonturnedmedownbecauseheconsideredIwastooyoungandwasn’t_____________(qualify).Toourdisappointment,helosthis____________(enthusiastic)forthesportaftertheaccident.DuringthetreePlantingDay,ourmonitorassignedaspecifictasktoeachstudent,Iwasassigned___________(dig)thepitsandmydeskmate’sassignmentwastoputsoilintothepits.Thejourneyhasnotbeeneasy.Endurancegot_________(stick)intheicyasweapproachedAntarctica.Shackletoncalmlycalledustogetherandtoldustorescueourmostessential____________(supply)thesmallboats,ourfood,thecookstove,candles,clothesandblankets.Shortlyafterwearrived,Shackletonleftus_________(find)helponSouthGeorgiaIsland.Wearen’tsupposedto______________(abandon)toplayingputergames,becauseitmayruinourlives.Thetramphadbeen________(cruel)treatedbeforesheadoptedhim._________(fortune),wedidsailoffcourseforawhile,meaningwelandedonthewrongsideofSouthGeorgeIsland.Sodeep_______themountainslookthatIthoughtwemighthavetoslidedownthemonourbottoms.Hisstorytellsusthateveryonecansucceedaslongashetries,nomatter_______hewasbornpoororrich.Andhepaidusbackbyhismitment___________(save)usfromaslowbutpainfuldeath.WearelookingforcyclingpartnerstojoinusforatriptoZhangjiajie,andwearelookingforpeoplewhoarepositive,fullofvigourandhighly________(discipline)._______(serve)withdistinction,hehelpedbuildupdefenseswhenourcountrywasthreatenedbywar.Itis_______(refresh)tothinkthattherewasoncesuchapersonwhodidnotjustspeakwisewordstoliveby,butwhoalsoputthosewordsintopracticeduringhisownlife.Despitethis,heworriedthiswasnotoveryetand______thingsmightstillgetworse.Manyofusbecamesickaswell______theblacksmokeoftheanimalfatweburntforourfires.Thatgaveoff_______(oil),blacksmoke,butitstayedburningeveninstrongwinds.Underthe________(guide)ofcounselors,thesestudentsareplacedinclasseswithteacherswhohavehadsuccessinworkingwithsimilaryoungpeople.20.Weshouldface_________(adversity)withconfidence,growupinthemwithwisdomandoverethemwithactions.二阅读理解AWhenIfirstheardabouttheimprov(即兴表演)classes,Iwastorn.Asanintrovert,Ifearedgettingonstageandimprovisinginfrontofstrangers.However,IknewIwantedtoworkasasciencemunicatorafterfinishingmyPh.D.

,soitseemedliketheperfectopportunitytoimprovemyspeakingabilityandgainconfidencethinkingonmyfeet.Duringourfirstclass,welearnedacoreconceptofimprov:“yes,and.”Itmeansthat,asimprovisers,weacceptwhatfellowperformerssay.Ifsomeonesaysthatrhinos(犀牛)arelibrarians,forexample,thenrhinosarelibrarians.Wedonotquestionthelogic;wesay“yes”andcontinuewiththesceneasifnohimiswrong.Igotatasteofhowdifficultthatwaswhenactingoutmyfirstscene.Myclassmateturnedtomeandsaid,“Momisgoingtobesomad.”Madaboutwhat?Mymindspunoutideas,andmyinnercriticshotthemalldown.Webrokethecar?No,that’stooeasy.Wefailedatest?No,youdon’twantyourclassmatesthinkingyou’restupidonthefirstday.Ifinallylandedonananswer:“Yes,we’regoingtobelatefordinner.”Thesceneproceededfromthere,andweeventuallyfinishedastwosisterswholosttheirwayonahikingtrail.Thefirstfewsceneswerehard,butasweeksturnedintomonths,Ibecamemorefortablethinkingonmyfeetandevenstartedtoenjoyourclasses.Ineversilencedmyinnercriticentirely,butovertime,Ididn’tpolicemywordswithquitesomucheffort.Ialsobecamebetteratlistening,relatingtomyconversationpartners,andmunicatingclearlyinthemoment.Thattrainingproveduseful6monthsago,whenmyexperimentsgeneratedunreasonabledata.Earlyoningraduateschool,Iwouldgetstuckwhenthishappened;myinnercriticwouldassumeIhadmadeamistake.Butthen,afterembracingthe“yes,and”concept,insteadofgettingdiscouraged,Ikeptexploringthedataandendedupidentifyinganewtypeofcell—onethatwasn’tbehavingasexpected.IfIhadn’tacceptedthepossibilitythattheresultswerereal,IwouldhavemissedoutonthemostexcitingfindingofmyPh.D.

sofar.Allscientistscanbenefitfromthislesson.Ifthedatasayrhinosarelibrarians,thenit’sworthinvestigatingwhetherrhinosare,infact,librarians.Ourjobasscientistsisn’ttogeneratedatathatsupportapreconceived(预想的)story.Ourjobistosay“yes,and.”21.

Whydidtheauthortaketheimproveclasses?

Toimproveherlogicalmind.

B.

TofinishherPh.D.

assignment.C.

Todevelophermunicationskills.

D.

Topursueherinterestinperformance.22.

Howdidtheauthorfeelduringthefirstscene?A.

Conflicted.

B.

Bored.

C.

Discouraged.

D.

Embarrassed.23.

Accordingtotheauthor,inherexperiments,“yes,and”helpedher______.A.

acceptfailures

B.

makeanewdiscoveryC.

makeupforamistake

D.

correctunreasonabledata24.

Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.

Theunknowncanbeaninspiration.

B.

Theunexpectedcanberewarding,C.

Theunfortunatecanbeachance.

D.

Theunusualcanbedecisive.

B“GiventhatsignsofAlzheimer’sdisease(老年痴呆症)starttoaccumulateinthebrainseveraldecadesbeforethediseasebegins,understandingtheconnectionbetweensleepandcognition(认知)earlierinlifeiscriticalforunderstandingtheroleofsleepproblemsasariskfactorforthedisease,”saidstudyauthorYueLeng,PhD,oftheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco.Thestudyinvolved526peoplewithanaverageageof40.Theywerefollowedfor11years.Researcherslookedatparticipants’sleepdurationandquality.Participantsworeawristactivitymonitorforthreecontinuousdaysontwooccasionsapproximatelyoneyearaparttocalculatetheiraverages.Participantssleptforanaverageofsixhours.Participantsalsoreportedbedtimeandwakeuptimeinasleepdiaryandpletedasleepqualitysurveywithscoresrangingfrom0to21.Atotalof239peoplereportedpoorsleepwithascoregreaterthanfive.Researchersalsolookedatsleepfragmentation(碎片化),ameasureofrestlessnessduringthesleepperiodexpressedasapercentage.Thehigherthevalue,themoresleepisinterrupted.Participantsweredividedintothreegroupsbasedontheirsleepfragmentationscore.Ofthe175peoplewiththemostinterruptedsleep,44hadpoorcognitiveperformance10yearslater,paredto10ofthe176peoplewiththeleastinterruptedsleep.Afteradjustingforage,sex,race,andeducation,peoplewhohadthemostinterruptedsleephadmorethantwicethepossibilityofhavingpoorcognitiveperformancewhenparedtothosewiththeleastinterruptedsleep.Therewasnodifferenceincognitiveperformanceatmidlifeforthoseinthemiddlegroupparedtothegroupwiththeleastinterruptedsleep.However,duetothesmallsamplesize,theresearcherswereunabletofullyinvestigatepotentialraceorsexdifferences.“Moreresearchisneededtoassessthelinkbetweensleepdisturbancesandcognitionatdifferentlifestagesandtoidentifyifcriticallifeperiodsexistwhensleepismorestronglyassociatedwithcognition,”Lengsaid.25.

WhatdoweknowaboutYueLeng’sstudy?A.

Datacollectionwasaneasyprocess.

B.

ItaimedtofindacureforAlzheimer’s.C.

Theresultswerefarfromsatisfactory.

D.

Higherscoresmeanpoorersleepquality.26.Whatcanwelearnaboutsleepfragmentationinthestudy?

Itdidrequireoutsideintervention.

Itincludedaseriesofmemorytests.

Itmeasuredshortinterruptionsofsleep.

Itdeterminedthoseparticipants’groups.27.

Whatdothefindingsindicateaccordingtothetext?

Thequalityofsleepmayaffectcognitivehealth.

Keepingasleepdiarycanimproveone’ssleepquality.

Peoplesleepingwellwon’tsufferfromAlzheimer’sdisease.

Peoplewithinterruptedsleepwon’thavememoryproblems.28.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

Themajorlimitationofthestudy.

Anexplanationoftheresearchmethod.

Apossiblereasonforthestudyfindings.D.

Theuseofcarefulinvestigationsinreallife.CTheproblemoffoodbornemetalcontamination(污染)hastakenonnewurgency,thanksinparttoa2021USCongressionalReportdetailinghighlevelsofmetalsfoundinbabyfoodpulledoffgroceryshelves.Morerecently,highlevelsoflead(铅)werediscoveredinchildren’sfruitpureepouches.Now,twonewstudiesprovideinformationonthecorrelationbetweenexposuretoheavymetalsinfoodandtheriskofcancersandotherserioushealthrisks.Foodcropscanabsorbheavymetalsfromcontaminatedsoil,air,andwater.Asaresult,tracesofdangerousheavymetals—lead,arsenic(砷)andcadmium(镉)—arefoundinmonfoodsfromriceandcerealstonutsandvegetables.FeliciaWu,MichiganStateUniversityfoodscientist,isleadingseveralinvestigationstogainabetterunderstandingofthehealthrisksofheavymetalexposure.Inthestudies,Wuandhercolleague,gathereddataonthedietaryintakeofeachmetalfromvarioussourcessuchasfoodandwatersamplesandexistingstudiesandreports.Theresearchersanalysandthedatatodeterminethestrengthoftheassociationbetweendietaryexposureandbadhealtheffects.Bothcancerandnoncancerhealtheffectswereconsidered.Leadisapoisonousmetalmonlyfoundinoldpaint,waterpipes,andcontaminatedsoil.Foodsourcesofleadincluderootvegetableslikebeets.Inthestudy,leadshowedmoderate(中度的)tohighriskscoresforcausinglung,kidney,bladder,stomach,andbraincancers.Italsoshowedmoderatetohighscoresfornoncancerrisks.Theirinitialestimatessuggestthateveryyear,morethan6,000additionalcasesofbladderandlungcancersandover7,000casesofskincancerscanbeattributed(归因于)totheconsumptionofinorganicarsenicintheUnitedStates.Theresearchersalsofoundthatcertainfoodproductscanbeassociatedwithhighercancerriskthanothers.Theseincluderice,wheat,andleafygreenvegetables.29.

Whatdothenewstudiesfocuson?

Foodsafetyandchildren’shealth.

Foodcropsandmetalcontamination.

Heavymetalsanditsdangerextent.D.

Metalcontaminationinfoodandhealthrisks.30.

Whydoheavymetalsexistinfood?A.

Foodcropsneedmetaltogrowwell.B.

Heavymetalsareaddedbyproducers.C.

Theycanhelpwithscientificresearch.D.

Foodcropsgrowupinpollutedconditions.31.

HowdidWuandhercolleagueconducttheirstudies?A.

Bydoingsurveysonline.B.

Byanalyzingdata.C.

Byperformingexperiments.D.

Byreferringtoprevioustextbooks.32.

WhichcanbestdescribeWu’sfindings?A.

Dramatic.

B.

Alarming.C.

Confusing.

D.

Awesome.

参考答案15.refreshing.that17.from18.oily19.guidance20.adversities2124.

CABB2528.

DCAA2932.

DD

BB【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者为提高自己的表达能力参加了一个即兴表演课程，在该课程中学习到了“是的，而且”原则，并将该原则应用到了自己的实验研究中，使得自己获得了意外的发现。21.

细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“However,IknewIwantedtoworkasasciencemunicatorafterfinishingmyPh.D.,soitseemedliketheperfectopportunitytoimprovemyspeakingabilityandgainconfidencethinkingonmyfeet.(然而，我知道我想在完成博士学位后成为一名科学传播者，所以这似乎是提高我的口语能力和获得自信的绝佳机会。)”可知，作者想通过该课程提高口语能力和获得自信。故选C项。22.

细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“Igotatasteofhowdifficultthatwaswhenactingoutmyfirstscene.(当我表演我的第一场戏时，我体会到了这有多困难。)”以及作者心理活动的描写“Madaboutwhat?Mymindspunoutideas,andmyinnercriticshotthemalldown.Webrokethecar?No,that’stooeasy.Wefailedatest?No,youdon’twantyourclassmatesthinkingyou’restupidonthefirstday.(生气什么？我的脑子里涌现出各种想法，但我内心的批判者把它们都否决了。我们把车弄坏了？不，那太简单了。我们考试不及格？不，你不想让你的同学在第一天就觉得你很蠢。)”可知，作者进行第一场即兴表演时体会到了即兴表演其实很难，在同学提出了话题之后对接下来的表演感到不知所措，很矛盾。故选A项。23.

细节理解题。根据文章第五段内容“Butthen,afterembracingthe‘yes,and’concept,insteadofgettingdiscouraged,Ikeptexploringthedataandendedupidentifyinganewtypeofcell—onethatwasn’tbehavingasexpected.(但是，在接受了“是的，而且”的概念之后，我没有气馁，而是继续探索数据，最终发现了一种新的细胞——一种不像预期的那样表现的细胞。)”可知，作者接受了“是的，而且”概念后，在做实验时没有气馁，继续探索，从而发现了一种新的细胞，即，这个概念帮助作者在实验中获得了新发现。故选B项。24.推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“Ourjobasscientistsisn’ttogeneratedatathatsupportapreconceivedstory.Ourjobistosay‘yes,and.’(作为科学家，我们的工作不是生成支持一个先入为主的故事的数据。我们的工作是说“是的，而且。”)”可知，作者用自己的亲身经历讲述了“是的，而且”带给自己的体验：作为科学家应该接受不可预测，有可能会带来意想不到的收获。由此可推知，通过该文章可以推理出B项“Theunexpectedcanberewarding.(意想不到的事情可能是有益的。)”。故选B项。

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加州大学的一项研究及其结论：早在中年时期，人的睡眠时长和质量就与认知表现相关。研究人员们还研究了睡眠碎片化和认知表现之间的关系。25.

细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Atotalof239peoplereportedpoorsleepwithascoregreaterthanfive.(共有239人报告睡眠质量不佳，得分超过5分。)”可知，共有239人报告说他们睡眠不佳，他们的得分超过5分。由此可知，在YueLeng的研究中，分值越高，睡眠质量越不好。故选D。26.

推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Researchersalsolookedatsleepfragmentation,ameasureofrestlessnessduringthesleepperiodexpressedasapercentage.Thehigherthevalue,themoresleepisinterrupted.(研究人员还研究了睡眠碎片化，这是一种以百分比表示的睡眠期间不安的衡量标准。值越高，睡眠中断的次数就越多。)”可知，睡眠碎片化是一种用百分比表示的睡眠期间频繁唤醒状态的一种量度。数值越高，睡眠中断越多。也就是说睡眠碎片化可以测量睡眠中的短暂中断。故选C。27.

细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Afteradjustingforage,sex,race,andeducation,peoplewhohadthemostinterruptedsleephadmorethantwicethepossibilityofhavingpoorcognitiveperformancewhenparedtothosewiththeleastinterruptedsleep.(在调整了年龄、性别、种族和教育程度后，睡眠中断次数最多的人认知能力较差的可能性是睡眠中断次数最少的人的两倍多)”可知，在对年龄、性别、种族和受教育程度进行调整后，睡眠中断最严重的人与睡眠中断最少的人相比，认知表现不佳的概率是后者的两倍多。也就是睡眠质量可能会影响人的认知健康。故选A。28.

主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“However,duetothesmallsamplesize,theresearcherswereunabletofullyinvestigatepotentialraceorsexdifferences.(然而，由于样本量较小，研究人