齐鲁工业大学《大学英语》2021-2022学年期末试卷

《大学英语》期末测试题满分100分，考试时间120分钟。I.CAREFULREADINGReadthefollowingpassagescarefully.DecideonthebestanswerandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET.(40points,2pointseach)Passage1Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theaveragepopulationdensityoftheworldis47personspersquaremile.ContinentaldensitiesrangefromnopermanentinhabitantsinAntarcticato211persquaremileinEurope.Inthewesternhemisphere,populationdensitiesrangefrom4persquaremileinCanadato675persquaremileinPuertoRico.InEuropetherangeisfrom4persquaremileinIcelandto831persquaremileintheNetherlands.Withincountriestherearewidevariationsofpopulationdensities.Forexample，inEgypt，theaverageis55personspersquaremile,but1,300personsinhabiteachsquaremileinsettledportionswherethelandisarable(可耕种的).Highpopulationdensitiesgenerallyoccurinregionsofdevelopedindustrialization,suchastheNetherlands,Belgium,andGreatBritain,orwherelandsareintensivelyusedforagriculture,asinPuertoRicoandJava.Lowaveragepopulationdensities，whicharecharacteristicofmostunderdevelopedcountries,aregenerallyassociatedwitharelativelylowpercentageofcultivatedland.Thisgenerallyresultsfrompoorqualitylands.Itmayalsobeduetonaturalobstaclestocultivation,suchasdeserts,mountainsormalaria-infestedjungles;tolandusesotherthancultivation,aspastureandforestedland;toprimitivemethodsthatlimitcultivation;tosocialobstacles;andtolandownershipsystemswhichkeeplandoutofproduction.Moreeconomicallyadvancedcountriesoflowpopulationdensityhave,asarule,largeproportionsoftheirpopulationslivinginurbanareas.Theirruralpopulationdensitiesareusuallyverylow.Poorerdevelopedcountriesofcorrespondinglylowgeneralpopulationdensity,ontheotherhand,oftenhaveaconcentrationofruralpopulationlivingonarableland,whichisasgreatastheruralconcentrationfoundinthemostdenselypopulatedindustrialcountries.1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.WorldPopulationB.PopulationDensitiesC.PopulationMigrationD.EconomicsandPopulation2.InthecultivatedareasofEgypt,wemayexpecttofind.A.fewinhabitantsB.denselypopulatedsettlementsC.l,300personslivinginonesettlementD.55personsinhabitingonesquaremile3.ThemostdenselypopulatedcommunityinEuropeis.A.IcelandB.BelgiumC.theNetherlandsD.GreatBritain4.ThispassageindicatesthatPuertoRicois.A.agriculture-orientedB.malaria-infestedC.highlyindustrializedD.poverty-stricken5.Thispassagehasprobablybeentakenfroma/an.A.touristguideB.businessjournalC.worldgeographybookD.economicreportPassage2Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Engaginginahobbylikereadingabook,makingapatchworkquiltorevenplayingcomputergamescandelaytheonsetofdementia,aUSstudysuggests.WatchingTV,however,doesnotcount—andindeed,spendingsignificantperiodsoftimeinfrontoftheboxmayspeedupmemoryloss,researchersfound.Nearly200peopleaged70to89withmildmemoryproblemswerecomparedwithagroupwhohadnoimpairment.TheresearchersfromtheMayoClinicinMinnesotaaskedthevolunteersabouttheirdailyactivitieswithinthepastyearandhowmentallyactivetheyhadbeenbetweentheageof50to65.Thosewhohad?duringmiddleage,beenbusyreading,playinggamesorengagingincrafthobbieslikepatchworkingorknittingwerefoundtohavea40%reducedriskofmemoryimpairment.Inlaterlife，thosesameactivitiesreducedtheriskbyaratebetween30%and50%.ThosewhowatchedTVforlessthan7hoursadaywerealso50%lesslikelytodevelopmemorylossthanthosewhospendlongerstaringatthescreen.“Thisstudyisexcitingbecauseitdemonstratesthatageingdoesnotneedtobeapassiveprocess，”saidneuroscientistDr.YonasGeda.“Bysimplyengagingincognitiveexercise,youcanprotectagainstfuturememoryloss.Ofcourse,thechallengewiththistypeofresearchisthatwearerelyingonpastmemoriesofthesubjects(实验对象)，thereforeweneedtoconfirmthesefindingswithadditionalresearch.”SarahDay，headofpublichealthattheAlzheimer’sSociety，said，“Onemillionpeoplewilldevelopdementiainthenext10yearssothereisadesperateneedtofindwaystopreventdementia.Exercisingandchallengingyourbrain~bylearningnewskills,doingpuzzlessuchascrosswords,andevenlearninganewlanguage—canbefun.However,moreresearch,wherepeoplearefollowedupovertime,isneededtounderstandwhetherthesesortsofactivitiescanreducetheriskofdementia.”6.Ifonesuffersfromdementia,hewouldbeunableto.A.movehislimbsB.speakcorrectlyC.recallpasteventsD.sitinuprightposture7.Thesubjectsoftheresearchmentionedinthepassagewere.A.peoplewatchingTVprogramsseveralhoursadayB.themiddle-agedwithlotsofdailymentalactivitiesC.peopleactivelyengagedintheirhobbiesatanearlyageD.twogroupsofseniorseitherwithorwithoutmemoryproblems8.Itwasfoundintheresearchthat.A.cognitiveexercisehelpspeoplepreventfuturememorylossB.curefordementiawillsoonbeavailablein10yearsorsoC.mentallychallenginghobbiesusuallyleadtomentalfatigueD.nothingcandeterthegraduallossofmemory9.Theresearchwasbasedonthedataofthe.A.brainmakeupofthesubjectsB.pastmemoriesofthesubjectsC.usesoflanguageofthesubjectsD.physicalexercisesofthesubjects10.Moreresearchshouldbeconductedinwhich.A.peopleofdifferentagegroupsshouldbeinvestigatedB.therelationshipbetweendementiaandgeneswillbeinvestigatedC.moresubjectswillbeincludedsoastoverifythecurrentfindingsD.effectsofcognitiveexerciseonsubjectsshouldbetracedovertimePassage3Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thecomplextopic“socialclass”isdifficulttoavoidwhendiscussingBritishsociety，whichisoftenseenasasocietyinwhich“socialclass”ismoreimportantthaninothercountries.Thisistruetoacertainextent,butshouldprobablynotbeexaggerated.Mostcountrieshavesomekindofclassstructure.Thereexistbroadgroupswithinsocietywhichsharetypesofemployment,incomelevels,andcertainculturalcharacteristics.Butimportantintheideaof“class”isthatitmakesadifferencetoanindividual’s“life-chances”whichgrouporclassheorsheisbominto.Soifamiddle-classcouple,perhapsadoctorandateacher,haveachild,itismorelikelythatthatchildwillalsoacquiremiddle-classeducation,employmentandincomelevelsthanwillthechildofworking-classfactoryworkers.ThisiscertainlythecaseintheUK,thoughitshouldbestressedthatitisfarfromimpossiblefortheworking-classchildtoacquiremiddle-classstatus:itissimplystatisticallymuchmoreunlikelythanforhismiddle-classschool-friend.Ifasked,abouthalftheBritishpopulationwoulddescribethemselvesasmiddle-class,andhalfasworking-class.Employmentwouldbethemainguidetheywoulduse:manual(or“blue-collar”）workerswouldusuallycallthemselvesworking-class，andoffice(or“white-collar”）workerswouldusuallycallthemselvesmiddle-class.However,thereisahazyareaaroundunskilledoffice-workandskilledwell-paidmanualworkwhichleadstosub-divisionssuchas“lowermiddleclass”beingused;andtheterm“uppermiddleclass”mightbeusedtodescribedoctorsandlawyersandsoonwhohaverelativelyhighincomesandhighstatusprofessions—especiallyinfamilieswithlongtraditionsofsuchemployment.Thiswoulddifferentiatethemfromthemajorityofmiddle-classpeopletoday,mostofwhomhaveworking-classparentsorgrandparents.Thisreflectsthehugeexpansionofthemiddleclassoverthetwentiethcentury，andespeciallysince1945,whenmoreequalsocialpolicieswereadoptedbythegovernment.11.TheauthordiscussesBritishsocietyfromtheperspectiveof.A.educationB.socialclassC.employmentD.incomelevels12.“Class”isimportantbecauseit.A.determinesanindividual’spersonalityB.makesadifferencetoanindividual’smarriageC.makesadifferencetotheopportunitiesavailabletoanindividualD.givesanindividualequalchancesforeducationandemployment13.TheBritishwoulddistinguishtheirsocialclassesmainlyby.A.employmentB.incomelevelsC.familytraditionsD.educationbackgrounds14.Britishdoctorsandlawyersbelongtothe.A.uppermiddleclassB.lowermiddleclassC.upperclassD.workingclass15.Themiddle-classexpandedconsiderablyoverthetwentiethcenturymainlybecause.A.theBritishearnedmoremoneythanbeforeB.morepeoplereceivedhighereducationthanbeforeC.thenumberofdoctorsandlawyersincreasedsharplyD.theBritishgovernmentintroducedmoreequalsocialpoliciesPassage4Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.“ButIcan’tsaveanymoney.”It’sanexcuseIhearalotfromwhichIdetectanoteofdefiance.Inthepastfewyears,ithasbecomeincreasinglyfrequent,asmoreandmoreAmericansmakelessthanwespend,eatingupthesavingsinourhomes.Thenationalsavingsrateisdeclining.Andthesituationseemstobegettingworse.Wecertainlyknowthatsavingmoneyisgoodforus.Yetsavingfortomorrowisstillalargelyignoredandunappreciatedskill.Thequestionthatnaturallyfollowsis:Why?Whydon’tAmericansmakesavingapriority?Tostartwith,savingtodayismuchharder.Thetypicalhouseholdincomehasheldlargelysteadyforagoodhalfdecade,whilepriceshavecontinuedtorise.Ifyou’rehavingtospendadisproportionateamountofincomeonfoodandgas,it’shardtosave.Besides,creditbecametooaccessible.Foryearsitwassimplytooeasytogetyourhandsonmoneytospend.Whilebanksatonetimewouldnotletyouspendmorethan36percentofyourtotalincomeondebt,theystretchedthatnumberto55percentduringthehousingboom.Whysavewhenyoucouldgetthatbigflat-screenTVtodayandpayforitwithmortgagedebtthatwasbothcheapanddeductible?Lastbutnotleast,savingis,was,andalwayswillbenofun.Thinkaboutitthisway:Choosingtosavealmostalwaysmeansoptingfordelayedgratificationinsteadofimmediategratification.Thepleasureofgettingsomethinggoodtodayismuchgreaterthanthatinthefuture—eveniftherewardinthefutureisbigger.Recently,neuroeconomists,arelativelynewbreedofexpertsineconomicsandneuroscience，havestartedusingMRIs(核磁共振成像）toviewthebrainasitismakingmoneychoices.Whensomethingwewanttobuycomesintoview,theyseethepleasurecenterfiringup.Similarly,gettingafewdollarstodayismorethrillingthangettingaslightlylargerprofittomorrow.Andifyouhavetowaitafewmonthsforthatgain,itwillhavetobemuchbiggerinordertoarousethesameinterestinyourbrain.Thingswayoffinthefuturelikeretirement—don’tjostlethepleasurecentermuchatall.16.Intheauthor’seyes，Americanssaytheycan’tsaveanymoneybecausethey.A.wanttowinsympathyB.arewellpreparedforretirementC.willmakemoremoneyinthefutureD.areprobablyunwillingtobeeconomical17.Accordingtothepassage,duringthehousingboomthebanks.A.raisedthesavinginterestrateB.issuedfewercreditcardsC.madeiteasiertoborrowmoneyD.initiatedcreditriskmanagement18.HowmanyreasonsaregiveninParagraph3?A.2.B.3.C.4.D.5.19.Theneuroeconomists'researchiscitedtoprove.A.savingwillbemorethrillingastimegoesbyB.MRIshelpcustomersmakepurchasedecisionsC.ifsacomplexprocesstostimulatethepleasurecenterD.immediategratificationismoreappealingthandelayedgratification20.Whatsuggestiondoyouthinktheauthorismostlikelytogiveinthefollowingparagraphs?A.Savingupmoney.B.Applyingforcreditcards.C.Stimulatingconsumption.D.Studyingthepleasurecenter.II.SPEEDREADINGSkimorscanthefollowingpassages,andthendecideonthebestanswerandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET.(10points,1pointeach)Passage5Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Manyeditorsandwriterstodaydefineflashfictionasastoryrangingfromafewwordstonotusuallyover1,500to2,000words(butmoreoftenlessthan1,000words).Atraditionalshortstoryrangesfrom3,000to20,000words,soflashfictionisconsiderablyshorter.However,whilelengthcanhelpidentifyflashfiction,itisoflittleuseinactuallydefiningit.Theamorphousandvariablequalityofflashfictionallowsfortheconstantchangingofshapesasthesestoriesdrawanddevelopfromvariousgenresandtraditionstocreatestand-alonestoriesthatoftenworkontheirownterms.Countlesswritersareinvolvedinwritingflashfictioninvariousways.Manyareinvolvedinfollowingtheform’slongtradition，andmanyothersarereinventingtheformastheycontinuetoexperimentwiththeboundariesandmethodsoffiction.Theseshortestofstoriesarenotalwaysdiversionsforthemomentbutareoftenstoriesthatareprofoundandmemorable—asgoodfictionoflongerlengthscanbe.CharlesBaxternotesintheintroductiontoSuddenFictionInternational:60ShortShortStories,'Thisformisnotabouttobesummarizedbyanyone'sideasaboutit.Thestoriesareonsomanyvariousthresholds:theyarebetweenpoetryandfiction,thestoryandthesketch,prophecyandreminiscence,thepersonalandthecrowdAsaform，theyareopen，andexistinastateofpotential.”Somenamesforflashfictionarechosentostressbrevity,suggestingthatsuchstoriescanbereadorevenwritteninaflash.Othernamesarechosentoemphasizethewayinwhichthestoriesaffectandenlightenreaders.Andstillothernamesarechosenforthewayinwhichtheycausereaderstoperformtheactofreading,manytimesforcingthemtoslowdownandreadsuchpiecesasslowlyandcarefullyastheywouldreadgoodpoetry.Eventhoughthistypeofwritingtravelsbyseveralnames,flashfictionhasbecomethemostpopularlabel,likelybecauseofitssnappypoeticconsonance,whichmakesiteasytoholdinmemory,andbecauseofitsdistancefromtheolder,lessdescriptiveterm“short-shorts”.Moreandmorewriters，editors,andreadersuse“flashfiction”torefertoveryshortstories.21.Flashfictionusuallyreferstoastoryrangingfromafewwordsto.A.lessthan1，000wordsB.morethan2,000wordsC.morethan3,000wordsD.lessthan20,000words22.Theformofflashfictioncanbebestdescribedas.A.variableB.unifiedC.traditionalD.complete23.HowmanywaysofnamingflashfictionarementionedinParagraph4?A.2.B.3.C.4.D.5.24.Amongallthelabelsreferringtoveryshortstories,themostpopularoneis.A.short-shortsB.shortstoryC.flashfictionD.poeticstory25.Thepassagemainlyfocusesonflashfictionintermsofits.A.popularityB.namesC.readersD.poeticqualityPassage6Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Mostoftheworkthatmostpeoplehavetodoisnotinitselfinteresting,butevensuchworkhascertaingreatadvantages.Tobeginwith,itfillsagoodmanyhoursofthedaywithouttheneedofdecidingwhatoneshalldo.Mostpeople,whentheyareleftfreetofilltheirowntimeaccordingtotheirownchoice,areatalosstothinkofanythingsufficientlypleasanttobeworthdoing.Andwhatevertheydecideon,theyaretroubledbythefeelingthatsomethingelsewouldhavebeenmorepleasant.Thesecondadvantageofmostpaidworkandofsomeunpaidworkisthatitgiveschancesofsuccessandopportunitiesforambition.Inmostworksuccessismeasuredbyincome,andwhilethecapitalisticsocietycontinues,thisisinevitable.Itisonlywherethebestworkisconcernedthatthismeasureceasestobethenaturalonetoapply.Thedesirethatmenfeeltoincreasetheirincomeisquiteasmuchadesireforsuccessasfortheextracomfortsthatahigherincomecanprocure(获取).Howeverdullworkmaybe，itbecomesbearableifitisameansofbuildingupareputation，whetherintheworldatlargeoronlyinone’sowncircle.Continuityofpurposeisoneofthemostessentialingredientsofhappinessinthelongrun,andformostmenthiscomeschieflythroughtheirwork.Inthisrespectthosewomenwhoselivesareoccupiedwithhouseworkaremuchlessfortunatethanmen,orthanwomenwhoworkoutsidethehome.Thedomesticatedwifedoesnotreceivewages,hasnomeansofbetteringherself,istakenforgrantedbyherhusband(whoseespracticallynothingofwhatshedoes),andisvaluedbyhimnotforherhouseworkbutforquiteotherqualities.Ofcoursethisdoesnotapplytothosewomenwhoaresufficientlywell-to-dotomakebeautifulhousesandbeautifulgardensandbecometheenvyoftheirneighbors;butsuchwomenarecomparativelyfew.Forthegreatmajority,houseworkcannotbringasmuchsatisfactionasworkofotherkindsbringstomenandtoprofessionalwomen.Thesatisfactionofkillingtimeandofaffordingsomeoutlet,howevermodest,forambition,belongstomostwork,andissufficienttomakeevenamanwhoseworkisdullhappierontheaveragethanamanwhohasnoworkatall.Butwhenworkisinteresting,itiscapableofgivingsatisfactionofafarhigherorderthanmererelieffromtedium.Thekindsofworkinwhichthereissomeinterestmaybearrangedinahierarchy.26.Formostpeople,evenuninterestingworkhastheadvantageof.A.earningagoodnameB.usingupextraenergyC.cultivatinginterestinworkD.sparingtheneedofdecidingwhattodo27.Inthecapitalisticsociety,incomeisusuallyanindicationof.A.powerB.wisdomC.rightsD.success28.Dullworkcanbeacceptedifit.A.offerslifeinsuranceB.foreseesachanceforpromotionC.offerscomfortableworkingenvironmentD.offersachanceofbuildingupareputation29.Mosthousewivesarevaluedbytheirhusbandsfor.A.makinghousesbeautifulB.makinggardensbeautifulC.otherqualitiesthantheirhouseworkD.theirhouseworkratherthanotherqualities30.Comparedwithamanwhohasnowork,amanwithadulljobisgenerally.A.happierB.moreboredC.lesssatisfiedD.lesspleasantIII.DISCOURSECLOZEThefollowingistakenfromthetextbook.Readthepassageandfillinthenumberedspaces(therearemoresuggestedanswersthannecessary).WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points,1pointeach)“ThemostimportantdayIrememberinallmylifeistheoneonwhichmyteacher，AnneSullivanMacy，cametome.ItwasthethirdofMarch，1887,threemonthsbeforeIwassevenyearsold.”SowroteHelenKeller.Themorningafterthearrivalofherteacher,(31).Aftershehadplayedwithitforawhile,MissSullivanslowlyspeltthewordd-o-1-1ontoherhand.(32)andtriedtoimitateherteacher.Whenshefinallysucceededinformingtheletterscorrectly,(33).Excitedlyshefoundherwaytohermother，heldupherhandandwrotetheletters“doll”.Andinthedaysthatfollowed34).Helensoonlearned,however,thatthingsandactionshavenames.Oneday,whileshewasplayingwithhernewdoll,MissSullivanplacedthedollonherlap,madehertouchagainandwrotethelettersd-o-1-1onthepalmofherhand.(35) untilHelenassociatedthewordwiththeobject.“Once，aswewerewalkingdownthepathtothewell,（36).Iasked,’Whatisthatstrangesmellintheair?’MissSullivanledmetothewell.Shetookmyhandandplaceditunderthespoutfromwhichwaterflewout.”(37)，MissSullivanspelttheword“water”onherotherhand.Suddenlyeverythingcameback.Sheknewthenthatw-a-t-e-rmeantthecoolliquidwithwhichshewasplayingnowwithbothherhands.Thatlivingwordgaveherjoy,lightandhope.(38)，everyfamiliarobjectshetouchedseemedtohaveanewmeaningforher.Shewaseagertoknowmore.Ashereducationprogressed,(39),Helenwaslivinganewlifefullofexcitement.Shenowhadthekeytoalanguageandwaskeentouseit.Wewhohaveeyestoseeandearstohearcanlearneasily.ButHelencouldnot,(40).Shemadefulluseofalltheotherabilitiesshehad,tosuchanadvantagethatshebecametheworld’sfamousteacheroftheblindandthedeaf.(FromHelenKeller)[A]shewaspleasedandproud[B]Thiswasrepeatedseveraltimes[C]Helenwasledintoaroomandgivenadoll[D]MissSullivanwasanexperiencedandpatientteacher[E]AsthecoolstreamwashedHelen’shand[F]thoughnotwithoutdifficultyforboththeteacherandthepupil[G]AtonceHelenwasinterestedinthisfingerplay[H]HelenKellerhadherlessonsinnormalclassrooms[I]Onreachingthehouse[J]asshewasbothblindanddeaf[K]shelearnedtospellagreatmanywordsinthisway[L]IwasattractedbysomepeculiarsmellIV．WORDFORMATIONCompleteeachofthefollowingsentenceswiththeproperformofthewordinbracketsWriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points，1pointeach)41.(profit)Overtheyearsonlinefilesharinghasdevelopedintoahighlybusiness.42.(explain)Couldyougivemeabriefofhowthenewdigitalvoicerecorderworks?43.(curious)Filledwith?shepeeredthroughthewindow.44.(law)Hesaidhewastheownerofthehouse.45.(danger)Hewouldneverdoanythingtothelivesofhischildren.46.(sole)Themanagerwasresponsibleforthecompany’sunsuccessfulsalescampaign.47.(expend)OurbiggestthisyearwasoursummerholidayinHawaii.48.(care)Hesaidthatitwasthatledhimtomakethesillymistake.49.(glory)Astatuewaserectedtothecountry’snationalheroes.50.(accurate)Manypeoplebegantoquestiontheofhisreport.V．GAPFILLINGThefollowingistakenfromthetextbook．Fillinthenumberedgapswiththecorrectformofthewordsorphrasesinthebox(therearemorewordsthannecessary)．WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points，1pointeach)playlegallydecreaseratherthanconsistoffactorforexamplerecognizetheseinfactconflictthoseincreaseItishardtogetanyagreementontheprecisemeaningoftheterm"socialclass”.Ineverydaylife，peopletendtohaveadifferentapproachto(51)theyconsidertheirequalsfromthatwhichtheyassumewithpeopletheyconsiderhigherorlowerthanthemselvesinthesocialscale.Thecriteriaweuseto“place”anewacquaintance,however,areacomplexmixtureof(52).Dress,wayofspeaking,areaofresidenceinagivencityorprovince,educationandmannersall(53)a,part.Inancientcivilizations,theSumerian,forexample,whichflourishedinthelowerEuphratesvalleyfrom5000to2000B.C.,socialdifferenceswerebasedonbirth,statusorrank,(54)onwealth.Fourmainclasseswere(55).Theseweretherulers,thepriestlyadministrators,thefreemen(