考研英语(一)模拟试卷21(题后含答案及解析)

考研英语(一)模拟试卷21(题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1.UseofEnglish2.ReadingComprehension3.Writing

SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest

word(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorD.(10points)

Itismuchclearthatourdietsareunhealthy.Now,anincreasingnumberof

scientistsandphysicianswonderifour[Cl]forunhealthy,obesity-inducing

eatingmightbe[C2]tothefoodchoicesmadeduringourfirstweeksand

monthsoflife.[C3],thelatestresearchindicatesthatwhatwelearntolikeas

infants[C4]whatweeatasadults.If[C5],wemightbeableto[C6]

theobesityepidemicinanewandmorepromisingway,onethat[C7]

theveryfirstspoonful.Today,[C8],mostofthoseearlyloving

spoonfulscontainmoresugarandsaltthanisnutritionallytC9].Arecentstudy

intheJournalofPublicHealthfoundthat53percentofprocessedbabyandtoddler

foodsliningsupermarketshelveshavea(n)[CIO]numberofcaloriesfrom

simplesugars,and12percentofthemhavetoomuchsodium.Theauthors,[Cll]

howoverindulgence[C12]bothofthesenutrientsislinkedto

cardiovasculardiseaseanddiabetes,suggestthatearly[C13]tooverlysweetor

saltymealscouldpromoteatastefortheseunhealthy[C14]inthefuture.

[C15]—focusonlimitingtheunhealthfulaspectsofdiet,GaryBeauchamp,a

biopsychologistandaleadingexpertonchemosensoryscience,preferstostudythe

[C16]ofgood-for-youfoods.Basedondatahehascollectedinthepast40

years,Beauchampthinks“thatcomplexmultisensoryflavorprofilesareinfluencedby

our[C17]duringthefirstfewmonthsoflife."Andifparents[C18]

healthfultastesandflavors,suchascarrotsorbroccoli,tC19],an

infantwillnotonlyrapidlyadapt,butwillalsodevelopa(n)【C20]forthese

flavorsthatcouldpersistforalifetime.[279words]

1.[Cl]

A.preparation

B.inclination

C.compensation

D.suggestion

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查上下文语义。

2.[C2]

A.suited

B.stuck

C.limited

D.tied

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查上下文语义+动词短语。

3.[C3]

A.Indeed

B.However

C.Anyway

D.Instead

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查全文主旨+上下文逻辑。

4.[C4]

A.goescontraryto

B.keepstrackof

C.pavesthewayfbr

D.takestheplaceof

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查上下文语义+动词短语。

5.[C5]

A.necessary

B・anything

C.true

D.not

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查上下文语义+省略句。

6.[C6]

A.tackle

B・identify

C.stimulate

D.discard

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查上下文语义+动词辨析。

7.[C7]

A.fitswith

B-startswith

C.stepsin

D.bringsin

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查上下文语义+动词短语。

8.[C8]

A.obviously

B・unfortunately

C.hopefully

D.interestingly

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查上下文逻辑语义。

9.[C9]

A.affordable

B.available

C.wise

D.rich

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查上下文语义+形容词辨析。

10.[C10]

A.constant

B.deficient

C.moderate

D.excessive

正确答案：D

解析：本题考杏上下文语义。

11.[C11]

A.assuming

B.admitting

C.noting

D.claiming

正确答案：c

解析：本题考查句内语义+动词辨析。

12.[C12]

A.by

B.about

C.for

D.on

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查介词用法。

13.[C13]

A.exposure

B.restriction

C.attraction

D.resistance

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查上下文语义。

14.[C14]

A.habits

B.interests

C.ingredients

D.factors

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查上下文语义+代词指代。

15.[C15]

A.Ratherthan

B.Boundto

C.Likelyto

D.Otherthan

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查句内逻辑语义。

16.[C16]

A.promotion

B・production

C.conservation

D.contribution

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查句内语义。

17.[C17]

A.sentiments

B.decisions

C.expectations

D.experiences

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查上下文语义。

18.[C18]

A.supplement

B.introduce

C.preserve

D.distinguish

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查上下文语义。

19.[C19]

A.asusual

B・atlength

C.sofar

D.earlyon

正确答案：D

解析•：本题考查上下文语义。

20.[C20]

A.awareness

B.distaste

C.preference

D.impression

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查上下文语义。

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbelow

eachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Ifyoulockabunchofhigh-IQpeopleinaroomandtellthemtogetonwith

atask,whatwilltheyemergewith?LowerIQs,foronething.Astudydoneby

VirginiaTechtriedtoreplicatehowpeoplethinkundersocialpressure.Subjectswith

anaverageIQof126wereclusteredintoproblem-solvinggroupsandexposedto

judgmentsabouttheirwork.Apeckingorderformed.Thelowperformersshowed

highresponsesinthepartofthebrainthatregulatesfear.Thescientistsconcludedthat

“individualsexpressdiminishedcognitivecapacityingroups,aneffectthatis

worsenedbyperceivedlowerstatus".Thisisthefirstillwordanyscientisthas

hadforthewaygroupsthinkinaverylongtime.Overthepastdecadeortwo,story

afterstoryhasspokenglowinglyof“hivemind“andthe“wisdomofcrowds”.Are

theseprofoundnewinsightsoraretheyacognitive-sciencetrendonwhichthetideis

nowreceding?Theyareboth.Thereiscertainlysomethingmeasurablethatcan

becalledcollectiveintelligence.Afascinatingstudyofitsoperationwaspublishedin

themagazineSciencetwoyearsago.Theyaskedsmallgroupstodoavarietyof

mentaltestsandthenplayagameofdraughts.Acollectiveequivalentofgeneral

intelligenceisjustwhattheyfound.Moreover,itwasnotjustanartefactofthe

individualintelligencesthatmadeupthegroups.Thecorrelationofgroupthinking

withtheaverageintelligenceofthegroup,orwiththeintelligenceofthegroup's

smartestmember,wasweak.Strongcorrelationswerewiththe"averagesocial

sensitivityofgroupmembersandtheequalityindistributionofconversation

turn-taking”.Officebulliesandthosewhocan'tshutupdrivedownproductivity.

Thesetwofindings一thatthereissuchathingascollectiveintelligenceandthat

workingingroupsmakesindividualsabitduller——arenotnecessarilycontradictory.A

humanbeingprobablylosesabitofthinkingcapacityinsubordinatinghimselftoa

group,nomatterwhatfeatsthecollectiveisabletocarryout.Whetherthistrade-offis

worthwhiledependsonwhatthegroupsaredoing.Ifwesterncultureasitexisteduntil

twodecadesagostoodforanyonething,itwasthedefenceoftheindividualagainst

theherd.IndividualsproducedKingLearandtheDiscourseontheMethod.The

“wisdomofcrowds“producesafewretailfadsatbest,book-burningsandpogromsat

worst.Ourowntimethinksitselfdifferent.Itismarkedbyintegrationofmarkets

andinnovationsinnetworkingandsales.Crowd-sourcedWikipedia(flawed,quick

andfree)helpeddriveBritannica(authoritative,labour-intensiveanddear)outofthe

paperencyclopediabusiness.NoonehasthetimetoreadKingLear,letalonewriteit.

Anybodywhocansparkaretailfadisacclaimedagenius.Thewisdomofcrowds,in

fact,maybejustanupdatedversionoftheage-oldwisdomofretail;whenitcomesto

whatthecrowdwants,thecrowdisall-knowing.[494words]

21.Thefirstparagraphintendstotellusthat.

A.IQisnotareliableindicatorofone'sability

B.highIQpeopletendtopossesslessself-confidence

C.peopletendtolosesomethinkingabilitywhenworkingingroups

D.severalhighIQindividualsdoesnotnecessarilyproduceahighlycognitive

group

正确答案：c

解析：本题考查段落主旨+写作目的。

22.Agroup'scollectiveintelligencemaybeenhancedsignificantlywhenitis

joinedbysomeoneof.

A.highintelligence

B-highprestige

C.highoperatingability

D.highcoordinationability

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查推理引申。

23.Thetwofindingsintroducedinparagraphs1and3canbeusedtojustifythe

statementthat.

A.everycoinhastwosides

B.everythingisevolutionary

C.scientificfindingsmightbecontradictory

D.scienceisculturallydefined

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查段落主旨+概括推理。

24.Theauthor'sattitudetothecurrent“wisdomofcrowds“cultureisone

of.

A.celebration

B.acceptance

C.regret

D.indifference

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查作者态度。

25.Whichofthefollowingisclosesttothemessagethetexttriestoconvey?

A.Groupthinkisamajorsourceofinnovation.

B.Groupthinkisnomatchforsologenius.

C.Collectivewisdomisculturallydefined.

D.Collectivewisdomisnothingnew,butanage-oldwisdom.

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查文章主旨。

Theoutcryoverinternetfirms9habitofsurreptitiouslytrackingwebsurfers9

activitieshasclearlyresonatedinsidetheWhiteHouse.TheObamaadministration

announcedthatitintendstoworkwithCongresstoproduce“aprivacybillofrights^^

givingAmericanconsumersgreatercontroloverhowtheirinformationiscollected

andusedbydigitalmarketers.Thosewhohavebeenlobbyingforchangeagree

with,butareunsympatheticto,internetfirms'worriesthatsuchalawcoulddenttheir

advertising-drivenbusinessmodels,whichrelyontrackingandtargetingconsumers

tomaximiserevenues."ThisisdimmingtheprospectsofGoogle,Facebookandother

digitaladcompanies/9saysJeffreyChesteroftheCentrefbrDigitalDemocracy.

Quitehowdarkthingsgetforthemwilldependonthedetailsofthebill.Itwillseek

tolaydownthebasicprinciplesofinternetprivacyrights,broadlyfollowing

recommendationspublishedlastDecemberbytheDepartmentofCommerce.The

department'sreportsaidconsumersshouldbetoldmoreaboutwhydataarebeing

collectedaboutthemandhowtheyareused;anditcalledforstricterlimitsonwhat

companiescandowithinformationtheycollect.Whateverlegislationfinally

emergesislikelytogiveabroaderroletotheFederalTradeCommission(FTC),

whichwillalmostcertainlybechargedwithdecidinghowthoseprinciplesare

translatedintopracticeandwithpolicingtheirimplementation.Amongotherthings,

theFTCisknowntobekeenonaformal“donottrack^^system,whichwouldallow

userstoblockcertainsitesfrommonitoringtheironlineactivities.Keentoavoid

this,theonline-advertisingindustryhasbeenworkingovertimetoconvince

policymakersthatitcanpoliceitselfusingsystemssuchasiconsonwebpagesthat

showsurferswhentheyarebeingtracked.Anditistellinganyonewhowilllistenthat

consumerswillsufferiftoughdo-not-trackruleshitadrevenues,forcingwebfirmsto

chargeformorecontent.WithMrObamathrowinghisweightbehindinternetprivacy,

thisrearguardactionislesslikelytobesuccessful.Someadfirmshavestartedtalking

ofcreatingado-not-tracksystemoftheirown,thatwouldlimitthedamagetotheir

digitalactivities.Althoughallthismaydenttheirrevenues,America'sinternet

giantscouldalsobenefitfromthelegislationifithelpsthemintheirdealingswiththe

EuropeanUnion.TheEU'salreadyfairlystrictrulesonprivacy——whichitconsidersa

fundamentalhumanright-arebeingtightenedfurther.Thetime-consumingand

expensivelegalhoopstheEUmakesAmericaninternetfirmsjumpthrough,tobe

allowedtohandleEuropeans9onlinedata,willbecomemoredemanding.Ifbypassing

itsownonline-privacy"billofrights^^AmericacanconvincetheEUtoeasethislegal

burden,thenitwillbeanimportantwinforAmericancompanies,saysJoel

Reidenberg,aprofessoratFordhamUniversity'slawschool.Google,Facebookand

otherswillnodoubtbetracking—bothonlineandoffline一theprogressof

EU-Americantalksonthismatterveryclosely.[496words]

26.Theprivacybillofrightsismeantto.

A.clampdownwebsurfers5dishonestbehaviours

B.restrictinternetfirms'controloverinformation

C.giveAmericangovernmentcontroloverinformation

D.easethetensionbetweendigitalmarketersandwebusers

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查事实细节。

27.Whatisthebiggestconcernofinternetfirmswiththeprivacybill?

A.downsizingadrevenues

B・decreasingdigitaldata

C.ever-growinguserbase

D.increasinglydemandingusers

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查事实细节。

28.What'stheresponseoftheonline-advertisingindustrytowardstheformal

“donotracksystem”?

A.Agentlepersuasion.

B.Astiffresistance.

C.Aforcedsurrender.

D.Acombinationoftoughandsoft.

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查推理引申。

29.Theauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthattheprivacybillcould.

A.beharmfultoEuropeans9privacyrights

B.bedesirableforAmericaninternetfirms

C.behelpfulwiththeEU-Americanrelationship

D.bequestionableindealingwithprivacyproblems

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查事实细节。

30.Accordingtothetext,whowillmostfancytheprivacybill?

A.EU.

B.FTC.

C.Webconsumers.

D.TheCentreforDigitalDemocracy.

正确答案：c

解析：本题考查观点态度。

OnceIformedanopiniononasubject,itbecameabelief,subjecttoahost

ofcognitivebiasestoensureitstrueness.AmIbeingirrational?Possibly.Infact,this

ishowmostbeliefsystemsworkformostofusmostofthetime.Weformour

beliefsforavarietyofsubjective,emotionalandpsychologicalreasonsinthecontext

ofenvironmentscreatedbyfamily,friends,cultureandsocietyatlarge.Afterforming

ourbeliefs,wethendefend,justifyandrationalizethemwithahostofintellectual

reasons,persuasiveargumentsandrationalexplanations.Beliefscomefirst;

explanationsfbrbeliefsfollow.Icallthisprocess,whereinourperceptionsabout

realityaredependentonthebeliefsthatweholdaboutit,belief-dependentrealism.

Realityexistsindependentofhumanminds,butourunderstandingofitdependson

thebeliefsweholdatanygiventime.Ipatternedbelief-dependentrealismafter

model-dependentrealism,presentedbyphysicistsStephenHawkingandLeonard

MlodinowintheirbookTheGrandDesign.Theretheyarguethatbecausenoone

modelisadequatetoexplainreality,"onecannotbesaidtobemorerealthantheother.

“Whenthesemodelsarecoupledtotheories,theyformentireworldviews.Once

weformbeliefsandmakecommitmentstothem,wemaintainandreinforcethem

throughanumberofpowerfulcognitivebiasesthatdistortourperceptstofitbelief

concepts.Onthetopofallthesebiases,thereisthein-groupbias,inwhichweplace

morevalueonthebeliefsofthosewhomweperceivetobefellowmembersofour

groupandlessonthebeliefsofthosefromdifferentgroups.Thisisaresultofour

evolvedtribalbrainsleadingusnotonlytoplacesuchvaluejudgmentonbeliefsbut

alsotodismissthemasnonsenseorevil,orboth.Belief-dependentrealismis

drivenevendeeperbyameta-biascalledthebiasblindspot,orthetendencyto

recognizethepowerofcognitivebiasesinotherpeoplebuttobeblindtotheir

influenceonourownbeliefs.Evenscientistsarenotimmune,subjectto

experimenter-expectationbias,orthetendencyforobserverstoselectandpublishdata

thatagreewiththeirexpectationsfortheoutcomeofanexperimentandtodisbelieve

datathatdonot.Thisdependencyonbeliefanditshostofpsychologicalbiasesis

why,inscience,wehavebuilt-inself-correctingmachinery.Strictdouble-blind

controlsarerequired,inwhichneitherthesubjectsnortheexperimentersknowthe

conditionsduringdatacollection.Collaborationwithcolleaguesisvital.Resultsare

vettedatconferencesandinpeer-reviewedjournals.Researchisreplicatedinother

laboratories.Disconfirmingevidenceandcontradictoryinterpretationsofdataare

includedintheanalysis.Ifyoudon'tseekdataandargumentsagainstyourtheory,

someoneelsewill,usuallywithgreatgleeandinapublicforum.Thisiswhy

skepticismisasinequanonofscience,theonlyescapewehavefromthe

belief-dependentrealismtrapcreatedbyourbelievingbrains.[495words]

31.Theauthoruseshisownpracticestoshowthatourbeliefsareoften.

A.prejudiced

B.false

C.irrational

D.changeable

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查写作目的。

32.Intheauthor'sview,realityisthecombinationof.

A.culturally-dependentbeliefs

B.objectivefacts

C.explainablebeliefs

D.convincingintellectualarguments

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查观点态度。

33.Wetendtoacceptbeliefsthat.

A.areconsistentwithourculturalvalues

B・strikeusasforeignandnovel

C.comefromourownworkgroups

D.arepowerfulbutbiased

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查事实细节。

34.Thebiasblindspotcanpromptascientistto.

A.overemphazisethevalueofexperiments

B.refusetoacceptthefailureofhisexperiments

C.discardsomevaluabledata

D.disbelievedatacollectedbyothers

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查推理引申。

35.Itcanbeinfeixedfromthelastparagraphthattheself-con*ectingprocessin

sciencerequires.

A.strictcontrols

B.individualwisdom

C.persistentinnovation

D.sharedefforts

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查推理概括。

Lookaroundtheworldandtheforcesaremassing.Ononesideare

Californianprisonguards,Britishpolicemen,Frenchrailworkers,Greekcivilservants,

andteachersjustabouteverywhere.Ontheotherstandthecash-strappedgovernments

oftherichworld.Eventhemerementionofcutshasbroughtpublic-sectorworkers

ontothestreetsacrossEurope.Whenthoseplansareputintoaction,expectmuch

worse.Inpublicservicesunionpowerismagnifiednotjustbystrikers9abilitytoshut

downmonopoliesthateveryoneneedswithoutseeingtheiremployergobust,butalso

bytheirpoliticalcloutoverthoseemployers.Politicianshaverepeatedlygivenin,

usuallysneakily一byswellingpensions,addingyetmoreholidaysordropping

reforms,ratherthanbyincreasingpay.Thistimetheyhavetofightbecausetheyare

soshortofmoney.Butitiscrucialthatthewarwiththepublic-sectorunionsiswonin

therightway.Foramidallthepainaheadsitsahugeopportunity——toredesign

government.Thatmeansfocusingonproductivityandimprovingservices,notjust

cuttingcosts.Theimmediatebattlewillbeoverbenefits,notpay.Heretheissue

isparity.Holidaysareoftenabsurdlygenerous,buttherealissueispensions.Too

manystateworkerscanretireintheirmid-50sonclosetofullpay.America'sstates

haveasmuchas$5trillioninunfundedpensionliabilities.Anotherbattlegroundwill

betheunions9legalprivileges.Itwouldbeperversetobanpublic-sectorunions

outrightatatimewhengovernmentsaretryingtomakepublicservicesmorelike

privateones.Buttheirrighttostrikeshouldbemoretightlylimited;andtherules

governingpoliticaldonationsandevenunionizationitselfshouldbechangedto

“opt-in"ones,inwhichamemberdecideswhethertogiveorjoin.Fixingthe

publicsectormustnotbeallowedtodegenerateintodemonisingit.Itshealthisvital

tothehealthofsocietyasawhole,notleastbecauseofitsimpactoneconomicgrowth.

Private-sectorproductivityhassoaredintheWestoverthepastquarter-century,even

inoldindustriessuchassteelandcarmaking.Companieshaveachievedthisbecause

theyhavethefreedomtomanage一toexperiment,toexpandsuccessfulinnovations,

toclosedownbadones,topromotetalentedpeople.Acrossthepublicsector,unions

havefoughtallthis,mostcruellyineducation.Itcanbehardertorestructure

governmentthanbusiness,butevensmallproductivitygainscanbringbigsavings.

Thecoiningbattleshouldbeaboutdeliveringbetterservices,notaboutcutting

resources.Focusingonproductivityshouldhelppoliticiansredefinethedebate.The

imminentretirementofthebaby-boomersisachancetohireanewgenerationof

workerswithdifferentcontracts.Politiciansfaceachoice:pushahead,reformand

createjobsinthelongterm;orgiveinagain,andcutmoreservicesandraisemore

taxes.[477words]

36.Thefirstparagraphmainlydiscusses.

A.turbulentworldsituations

B・strainedemploymentrelations

C.dead-endedgovernments

D.magnifyingunionpower

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查段落主旨+写作目的。

37.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that.

A.public-sectorunionshavebeenactingstealthily

B.theincomeinthepublicsectorisindirectlyaugmented

C.public-sectorunionshavetakenprecedenceoverpoliticians

D.public-sectorunionswillfightagainstgovernmentreorganization

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查因果事实。

38.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatthepublic-sectorunionization

is.

A.currentlycompulsorybutbeneficiary

B.beneficiarybutnotnecessary

C.optionalbutpopular

D.voluntarybutignored

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查事实概括。

39.Whichofthefollowingplaysleastinfixingthepublicsector?

A.Weakeningthestrikers9power.

B・Restrictingunions9legalrights.

C.Reducingpublic-sectorpaydeals.

D.Makingsmallproductivitygains.

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查人物观点。

40.“Theimminentretirementofbaby-boomers“ismentionedtoinform

politiciansof.

A.agreatchallengetofaceintheindustrialrelations

B・agoodstrategytoemploygreatemployees

C.animportantchoicetomakeinlabourcontracts

D.afantasticopportunityoffixingthepublicsector

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查推理引申。

PartB(10points)

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.Forquestions41-45,

youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosing

fromthelistA一Gtofillineachnumberedbox.Thefirstandthelastparagraphshave

beenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10

points)[A]Thestudy,reportedinCurrentBiology,involvedanumberofexperiments.

Inone,theparticipantshadtowatch12dotsmovingrandomlyonascreenandquickly

assesstheirgeneraldirectionofmovement.Anothertestaskedparticipantstowork

outthedirectionofspecificsoundsembeddedwithinstereowhitenoise.Inbothtests

thevideo-gamersdidbetter.However,thescientistswereawarethatgamerscould

havebeenbornwithimprovedabilitiestoperformsuchtasks,whichwerepossibly

whatattractedthemtogaminginthefirstplace.Consequently,athirdtestwas

necessarytoseeiftheseabilitiescouldhavebeenleamt.fB]Theresearchersconclude

thatvideo-gamesplayersdevelopanenhancedsensitivitytowhatisgoingonaround

themandthatthismayhelpwithactivitiessuchasmultitasking,driving,reading

smallprint,navigationandkeepingtrackoffriendsorchildreninacrowd.The

preciseneuralmechanismforthiseffect,however,isstillunknown.[C]Therelentless

marchoftechnologyintoeverydaylifehasalwaysgivenrisetodebateaboutwhether

itisagoodorabadthing.Somebelievethattheinternetandcomputersoftwareare

makinghumansmorestupidorshallow.Butothersarguethatcomputerprogramsin

theformofvideogamescanmakepeoplesmarterorimprovespecificskills,suchas

spatialawareness.Indeed,manyscientificstudieshaveshownthatvideogamescan

improvehumanperformanceinsensoryandperceptualtasks.Buttheimprovement

seemstocomeonlyinthetaskthatagametrainsyoufor.Thisisnotsurprising.The

realquestioniswhethervideogamesarecapableofprovidingmoregeneralgainsin

performance.[D]Oneimplicationofthisdiscoveryisthatreactiontimesinthe

populationwillprobablyimprovewiththeriseoffast-actionvideo-games.Therearea

lotofplayers:lastyearareportestimatedthat67%ofAmericanhouseholdscontained

atleastonevideo-gamer.Andifvideo-gamersarereallybetterequippedtomake

quickdecisions,theymightalsoturnouttobebetterdriversandendupinfewer

accidents.However,thenotionthatgamersacquiresomeminorphysicalskillsmay

notsoothconcernedparents.[E]ShawnGreen,AlexandrePougetandDaphne

Bavelier,fromtheUniversityofRochester,inNewYorkstate,setouttofindan

answer.Theyrecruitedagroupofvideo-gamersandcomparedtheirreactionskills

withagroupofnon-players.Thegamershadallspentatleastfivehoursaweekon

actiongamesinthepreviousyear.[F]Thenon-gamingvolunteerswereputthrough50

hoursofvideo-gametraining.Forsomethisinvolvedplayingfast-action

shoot-'em-upgamessuchas"CallofDuty2"and"UnrealTournament"，butothers

weregivenaslow-movinglife-strategygame,“TheSims2”.Theresearchersfound

thatthosetrainedwithactiongamesraisedtheirperformancetothelevelofthe

experiencedgamers.Moreover,theyweremoreefficientintheiruseofvisualor

auditoryevidencethanthoseplayingwiththeSims.Theactiongamerswereupto

25%fasteratcomingtoaconclusionandtheyansweredjustasmanyquestions

correctly.[G]Whatisknownisthatpeoplemakedecisionsbasedonprobabilitiesthat

areconstantlybeingcalculatedandrefinedintheirheads一somethingcalled

"probabilisticinference”.Thebraincollectssmallpiecesofinformation,eventually

gatheringenoughtomakeanaccuratede-cision.Themoreefficientsomeoneisat

collectingvisualandauditoryinformation,thefasterhecanreachthethreshold

neededtomakeadecision.C->41.()-*42.()^43.()fBf44.()一45.()

41.

正确答案：E

解析：[C]段指出，研究发现视频游戏可改善人们完成任务的表现。末句留

下了疑问一视频游戏是否能改善人们通常的表现呢?通读各备选项发现，大部分

选项都与实验及其结论有关，只有［E］段指出一些研究者准备找出答案，他们招

募了一群游戏者，拿他们与非游戏者做比较。该段引入了一项研究，试图回答［C］

段末提出的问题，并且第一次提到全文多次出现的游戏者，因此是正确答案。

42.

正确答案：A

解析：上文（［E］段）引入了一项研究并介绍了实验者的相关信息。浏览各段大

意，［A］段涉及具体实验内容，［B］段得出实验结论，［D］段交代本研究带来的启

示，［F］段涉及具体实验内容，［G］段分析大脑运作的过程。按照先后顺序，此处

应承接E段介绍实验具体内容。［A］［F］同时涉及实验内容，［A］段首先指出该研

究包括几项实验，然后具体介绍了两项与游戏者相关的实验并提到第三项实验；

间段介绍了针对非游戏者进行的实验，正是［A］段中提到第三项实验。

43.

正确答案：F

解析：上文（［E］段）引入了一项研究并介绍了实验者的相关信息。浏览各段大

意，［A］段涉及具体实验内容，［B］段得出实验结论，［D］段交代本研究带来的启

示，［F］段涉及具体实验内容，［G］段分析大脑运作的过程。按照先后顺序，此处

应承接E段介绍实验具体内容。［A］［F］同时涉及实验内容，［A］段首先指出该研

究包括几项实验，然后具体介绍了两项与游戏者相关的实验并提到第三项实验；

用段介绍了针对非游戏者进行的实验，正是［A］段中提到第三项实验。

44.

正确答案：G

解析：已给定的［B］段交代了实验结论并指出，（但）视频游戏对人产生积极影

响的具体神经机制尚不清楚，这表明作者开始对实验结论进行深入分析。［G］段

仍从大脑运作的角度进行分析，退而指出现在已知的是“掌握的视听信息越多，

大脑做决定的速度就越快”。其中Whatisknownisthat…与网段末…isstill

unknown衔接顺畅。

45.

正确答案：D

解析：［D］段顺接［G］段，从上文结论中得出启示（implication）,其中首句中的

thisdiscovery回指［G］段的实验结论。作者指出该研究带给我们的启示是一方面，

它说明人们的反应时间、做决定的速度可以随着视频游戏的速度而改善；另一方

面，这一好处并不能让父母减少对孩子们玩游戏的忧虑。

PartCDirections:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatethe

underlinedsegmentsintoChinese.（10points）