考研阅读理解英语一真题

考研阅读理解英语一真题

考研阅读理解英语一真题1

Text3

ThejournalScienceisaddinganextrasourceat

Peer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNott

announcedtoday.TheFollowssimilareffortsfrom

otherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthat

Mistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtothe

Publishedresearchfindings.

"Readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusions

publishedinourjournal,"writesMcNuttinan

editorial.WorkingwiththeAmericanStatistical

Association,theJournalhasappointedsevenexperts

toastatisticsboardofreviewingManuscriptwillbe

flaggedupforadditionalscrutinybytheJournal1s

editors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewing

EditorsorbyoutsidepeerTheSBoREpanelwillthen

findexternalstatisticianstoreviewthese

Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelled

thechange,McNuttsaid,"Thecreationof

the'statisticsboard'wasmotivatedbyconcerns

broadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddata

analysisinscientificresearchandispartof

Science'soveralldrivetoincreasereproducibility

intheresearchwepublish.n

GiovanniParmigiani,abiostatisticianatthe

HarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,amemberofthe

SBoREgroup,saysheexpectstheboardto"play

primarilyonadvisoryrole."Heagreedtojoin

becausehe"foundtheforesightbehindthe

establishmentoftheSBoREtobenovel,uniqueand

likelytohavealastingimpact.Thisimpactwillnot

onlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,

buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishing

placesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafter

Science."

Johnloannidis,aphysicianwhostudiesresearch

methodology,saysthatthepolicyis"amostwele

stepforward'1and"longoverdue,11"Mostjournalsare

weakinstatisticalreview,andthisdamagesthe

qualityofwhattheypublish.Ithinkthat,forthe

majorityofscientificpapersnowadays,statistical

reviewismoreessentialthanexpertreview,"hesays.

ButhenotedthatbiomedicaljournalssuchasAnnals

ofInternalMedicine,theJournaloftheAmerican

MedicalAssociationandTheLancetpaystrong

attentiontostatisticalreview.

Professionalscientistsareexpectedtoknowhow

toanalyzedata,butstatisticalerrorsare

alarminglymoninpublishedresearch,accordingto

DavidVaux,acellbiologist.Researchersshould

improvetheirstandards,hewrotein20XX,but

journalsshouldalsotakeatougherline,"engaging

reviewerswhoarestatisticallyliterateandeditors

whocanverifytheprocess."VauxsaysthatScience1s

ideatopasssomepaperstostatisticians,hassome

merit,butaweaknessisthatitreliesontheboard

ofreviewingeditorstoidentify*thepapersthatneed

scrutiny'inthefirstplace."

31.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphIthat

[A]Scienceintendstosimplifyitspeer-review

process.

[B]journalsarestrengtheningtheirstatistical

checks.

[C]fewjournalsareblamedformistakesindata

analysis.

[D]lackofdataanalysisismoninresearch

projects.

32.Thephrase"flaggedupn(Para.2)istheclosest

inmeaningto

[A]found.

[B]revised.

[C]marked

[D]stored

33.GiovanniParmigianibelievesthatthe

establishmentoftheSBoREmay

[A]poseathreattoallitspeers

[B]meetwithstrongopposition

[C]increaseScience'scirculation.

[D]setanexampleforotherjournals

34.DavidVauxholdsthatwhatScienceisdoing

now

A.addstoresearchers'work1osd.

B.diminishestheroleofreviewers.

C.hasroomforfurtherimprovement.

D.istofailintheforeseeablefuture.

35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleof

thetext?

A.ScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsin

Papers

B.ProfessionalStatisticiansDeserveMoreRespect

C.DataAnalysisFindsItsWayontoEditors'Desks

D.StatisticiansAreComingBackwithScience

31.Bjournalsarestrengtheningtheirstatistical

checks

32.Bmarked

33.Dsetanexampleforotherjournals

34.Chasroomforfurtherimprovement

35.AsciencejoinsPushtoscreenstatisticsin

papers

考研阅读理解英语一真题2

Text3

TheUS$3-millionFundamentalphysicsprizeis

indeedaninterestingexperiment,asAlexander

Polyakovsaidwhenheacceptedthisyear'sawardin

March.Anditisfarfromtheonlyoneofitstype.

AsaNewsFeaturearticleinNaturediscusses,a

stringoflucrativeawardsforresearchershave

joinedtheNobelPrizesinrecentyears.Many,like

theFundamentalPhysicsPrize,arefundedfromthe

telephone-number-sizedbankaccountsofInternet

entrepreneurs.Thesebenefactorshavesucceededin

theirchosenfields,theysay,andtheywanttouse

theirwealthtodrawattentiontothosewhohave

succeededinscience.

What'snottolike?Quitealot,accordingtoa

handfulofscientistsquotedintheNewsFeature.You

cannotbuyclass,astheoldsayinggoes,andthese

upstartentrepreneurscannotbuytheirprizesthe

prestigeoftheNobels,Thenewawardsarean

exerciseinself-promotionforthosebehindthem,say

scientists.Theycoulddistorttheachievement-based

systemofpeer-review-ledresearch.Theycouldcement

thestatusquoofpeer-reviewedresearch.Theydonot

fundpeer-reviewedresearch.Theyperpetuatethemyth

ofthelonegenius.

Thegoalsoftheprize-giversseemasscatteredas

thecriticism.Somewanttoshock,otherstodraw

peopleintoscience,ortobetterrewardthosewho

havemadetheircareersinresearch.

AsNaturehaspointedoutbefore,therearesome

legitimateconcernsabouthowscienceprizes―both

newandold一aredistributed.TheBreakthroughPrize

inLifeSciences,launchedthisyear,takesan

unrepresentativeviewofwhatthelifesciences

include.ButtheNobelFoundation'slimitofthree

recipientsperprize,eachofwhommuststillbe

living,haslongbeenoutgrownbythecollaborative

natureofmodernresearch—aswillbedemonstratedby

theinevitablerowoverwhoisignoredwhenitesto

acknowledgingthediscoveryoftheHiggsboson.The

Nobelswere,ofcourse,themselvessetupbyavery-

richindividualwhohaddecidedwhathewantedtodo

withhisownmoney.Time,ratherthanintention,has

giventhemlegitimacy.

Asmuchassomescientistsmayplainaboutthenew

awards,twothingsseemclear.First,most

researcherswouldacceptsuchaprizeiftheywere

offeredone.Second,itissurelyagoodthingthat

themoneyandattentionetoscienceratherthango

elsewhere,Itisfairtocriticizeandquestionthe

mechanism-thatisthecultureofresearch,after

all—butitistheprize-givers'moneytodowithas

theyplease.Itiswisetotakesuchgiftswith

gratitudeandgrace.

真题解析:

文章主题及背景知识：此篇阅读的主题内容为“基础物理

学奖”，如果对于这一背景信息有所了解，这篇文章便可轻

松看懂，做题更是十拿九稳!与20XX年相比，20XX考研阅读

文章同样注重时效性，Text3便是反应了20XX年3月份的一

次实时事件：基础物理学基金会于3月20日晚在瑞士日内瓦

揭晓了20XX年基础物理学奖!所以20XX考研的同学们一定要

多多关注社会热点话题，拓展视野，丰富自己的文化背景知

识，这样才能取得事半功倍的效果！

文章讲到的是关于和诺贝尔奖一样的奖金丰厚的奖项出

现，这些奖项就是由一些网络的公司或者是一些新贵们他们

得出这样大量的钱，当然会遭出一些批评，这些奖项还是没

法和诺贝尔奖相比的，阶级是没法改变的，名望是没法购买

的。当然这一系列的东西，在前三段当中谈到之后，到了最

后一段，作者表明他的观点，纵然这些对科学家的奖励在奖

项上存在着一些瑕疵，存在着一些不合理的地方。但是对于

科学家来说，有人给你钱支持你的研究，终归是好的。也就

是说从31到35题基本上没有难题，也没有可以去争议的，

也是既所得的文章。

31.TheFundamentalPhysicalPrizeisseenas

[A]asymboloftheentrepreneursJswealth.

[B]apossiblereplacementoftheNobelPrize.

[C]anexampleofbankers'investment.

[D]ahandsomerewardforresearchers.

答案：A为细节题。根据题干中的FundamentalPhysics

Prize可以定位到第一段，但除此之外就没有其他细节提示信

息了，所以我们只能根据几个选项去定位，分别根据选项中

的entrepreneurs、NobelPrize、investmentsreward去定

位，在第一段末句找到了与A选项相一致的句子，则判定A

选项正确。

32.Thephrase“tosignon”(Line3,Para.2)most

probablymeans

[A]theprofit-orientedscientists.

[B]thefoundersofthenewaward.

[C]theachievement-basedsystem.

[D]peer-review-ledresearch.

答案：B为细节题。根据题干中的critics定位到第三

段，可知第二段没有出题，从第三段第二句可以得出本道题

的正确选项，whohavemadetheircareersinresearch即

为B选项中的Thefounderso

33.Whatpromotedthechancellortodevelophis

scheme?

[A]controversiesovertherecipients'status.

[B]thejointeffortofmodernresearchers.

[C]legitimateconcernsoverthenewprize.

[D]thedemonstrationofresearchfindings.

答案：D为细节题。本道题如果从题干中看更像是例证

题，但题目中说道thecaseinvolves即问例子本身，所以

为一道细节题。我们在第四段倒数第三句中找到了Higgs

boson,定位到本句可以得知natureofmodernresearch---

aswellasdemonstratedby...即为本道题正确答案。

34.AccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployed

makesoneonefeel

[A]Theirendurancehasdonejusticetothem.

[B]Theirlegitimacyhaslongbeenindispute.

[C]Theyarethemostrepresentativehonor.

[D]Historyhasnevercastdoubtonthem.

答案：A为判断题。此类题型是考试中的一个难点，在

题干中提示信息非常少，所以我们需要根据每个选项分别定

位。A选项的durance定位到本段最后一句time。B选项根据

legitimacy定位到第一句。C选项没有提到。D选项从最后一

段可以验证确实是收到了质疑，B选项和原文不符，可以得知

答案为A。

35.Towhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormost

probablyagree?

[A]acceptabledespitethecriticism.

[B]harmfultothecultureofresearch.

[C]subjecttoundesirablechanges.

[D]unworthyofpublicattention.

答案：A为主旨题。本题属于作者观点，出在最后一段

则说明更多体现了文章的主旨，因为还有一个段落对应，则

我们可以在最后一段找答案，根据题干中的award我们可以

得知全文的最后一句明确体现了作者的观点，故选A。

考研阅读理解英语一真题3

Text3

Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehave

gainedadeeperappreciationoftherangeofthreats

facingus,fromasteroidstriketopandemicfluto

climatechange.Youmightevenbetemptedtoassume

thathumanityhaslittlefuturetolookforwardto.

Butsuchgloominessismisplaced.Thefossil

recordshowsthatmanyspecieshaveenduredfor

millionsofyears-sowhyshouldn'twe?Takea

broaderlookatourspecies'placeintheuniverse,

anditbeesclearthatwehaveanexcellentchanceof

survivingfortens,ifnothundreds,ofthousandsof

years(see"100,000AD：Livinginthedeepfuture").

LookupHomosapiensintheIUCN's"RedList"of

threatenedspecies,andyouwillread："Listedas

LeastConcernasthespeciesisverywidely

distributed,adaptable,currentlyincreasing,and

therearenomajorthreatsresultinginanoverall

populationdecline."

Sowhatdoesourdeepfuturehold?Agrowing

numberofresearchersandorganisationsarenow

thinkingseriouslyaboutthatquestion.Forexample,

theLongNowFoundation,basedinSanFrancisco,has

createdaforumwherethinkersandscientistsare

invitedtoprojecttheimplicationsoftheirideas

oververylongtimescales.Itsflagshipprojectisa

mechanicalclock,burieddeepinsideamountainin

Texas,thatisdesignedtostillbemarkingtime

thousandsofyearshence.

Thentherearescientistswhoaregivingserious

considerationtotheideathatweshouldrecognisea

newgeologicalera：theAnthropocene.They,too,are

pullingthecamerarightbackandaskingwhat

humanity*simpactwillbeontheplanet-inthe

contextofstratigraphictime.

Perhapsperversely,itmaybeeasiertothink

aboutsuchlengthytimescalesthanaboutthemore

immediatefuture.Thepotentialevolutionoftoday1s

technology,anditssocialconsequences,is

dazzlinglyplicated,andit'sperhapsbestleftto

science-fictionwritersandfuturologiststoexplore

themanypossibilitieswecanenvisage.That'sone

reasonwhywehavelaunchedArc,anewpublication

dedicatedtothenearfuture.

Buttakealongerviewandthereisasurprising

amountthatwecansaywithconsiderableassurance.

Assooften,thepastholdsthekeytothefuture：we

havenowidentifiedenoughofthelong-termpatterns

shapingthehistoryoftheplanet,andourspecies,

tomakeevidence-basedforecastsaboutthesituations

inwhichourdescendantswillfindthemselves.

Thislongperspectivemakesthepessimisticview

ofourprospectsseemmorelikelytobeapassingfad.

Tobesure,thefutureisnotallrosy：whileour

speciesmayflourish,agreatmanyindividualsmay

not.Butwearenowknowledgeableenoughtomitigate

manyoftherisksthatthreatenedtheexistenceof

earlierhumans,andtoimprovethelotofthosetoe.

Thinkingaboutourplaceindeeptimeisagoodway

tofocusonthechallengesthatconfrontustoday,

andtomakeafutureworthlivingin.

31.Ourvisionofthefutureusedtobeinspired

by

[A]ourdesireforaresoffulfillment

[B]ourfaithinscienceandteched

[C]ourawarenessofpotentialrisks

[D]ourbdiefinequalopportunity

32.TheIUCN“RodList”suggestthathumanbeings

on

[A]asustainedspecies

[B]theword'sdeminantpower

[C]athreattotheenvironment

[D]amisplacedrace

33.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingto

Paragraph5?

[A]Archelpslimitthescopeoffuturological

studies.

[B]Technologyofferssolutionstosocialproblem.

[C]Theinterestinsciencefictionisontherise.

[D]OurImmediatefutureishardtoconceive.

34.Toensurethefutureofmankind,itiscrucial

to

[A]exploreourplanet'sabundantresources.

[B]adoptanoptimisticviewoftheworld.

[C]drawonourexperiencefromthepast.

[D]curbourambitiontoreshapehistory.

35.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitle

forthetext?

[A]UncertaintyaboutOurFuture

[B]EvolutionoftheHumanSpecies

[C]TheEver-brightProspectsofMankind.

[D]Science,TechnologyandHumanity.

考研阅读理解英语一真题4

Text3

Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobe

thatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.Nolonger.While

traditional"paid”media-suchastelevision

mercialsandprintadvertisements-stillplaya

majorrole,paniestodaycanexploitmany

alternativeformsofmedia.Consumerspassionate

aboutaproductmaycreate“owned“mediabysending

e-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomers

registeredwithitsWebsite.Thewayconsumersnow

approachthebroadrangeoffactorsbeyond

conventionalpaidmedia.

Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketers

promotingtheirownproducts.Forearnedmedia,

suchmarketersactastheinitiatorfor

users'responses.Butinsomecases,one

marketer'sownedmediabeeanothermarketer'spaid

media-forinstance,whenane-merceretailer

sellsadspaceonitsWebsite.Wedefinesuchsold

mediaasownedmediawhosetrafficissostrongthat

otherorganizationsplacetheircontentore-merce

engineswithinthatenvironment.Thistrend,which

webelieveisstillinitsinfancy,effectively

beganwithretailersandtravelproviderssuchas

airlinesandhotelsandwillnodoubtgofurther.

Johnson&Johnson,forexample,hascreated

BabyCenter,astand-alonemediapropertythat

promotesplementaryandevenpetitiveproducts.

Besidesgeneratingine,thepresenceofother

marketersmakesthesiteseemobjective,gives

paniesopportunitiestolearnvaluableinformation

abouttheappealofotherpanies'marketing,and

mayhelpexpandusertrafficforallpaniesconcerned.

Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathave

providedmarketerswithmore(andmorediverse)

municationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtheriskthat

passionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsin

quicker,morevisible,andmuchmoredamagingways.

Suchhijackedmediaaretheoppositeofearned

media：anassetorcampaignbeeshostageto

consumers,otherstakeholders,oractivistswho

makenegativeallegationsaboutabrandorproduct.

Membersofsocialnetworks,forinstance,are

learningthattheycanhijackmediatoapplypressure

onthebusinessesthatoriginallycreatedthem.

Ifthathappens,passionateconsumerswouldtry

topersuade