上海市奉贤区2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试卷【含答案解析】

2023学年第二学期高一年级英语期中评估(满分140分，时间120分钟)Ⅰ．ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1．Atthebutcher’sB．Inarestaurant.C．Onthefarm.D．Inasupermarket.2．A．Bossandsecretary.B．Operatorandcaller.C．Librarianandstudent.D．Customerandrepairman3．A．Hemustattendaclass.B．Hemustmeethisteacher.C．Hemustfinishhishomework.D．Hemustgooutwithhisroommate.4．A．It’snotasgoodasitwas.B．It’sbetterthanitusedtobe.C．It’sbetterthanpeopleexpectD．It’sevenworsethanpeoplesay.5．A．Thewomanhasapracticalgoal.B．Thewomancansurelylivealonglife.C．Thewomanhastakentherightstepstostayhealthy.D．Thewomanshouldgiveupcheeseburgerstolivelonger.6．A．Anattractivehut.B．Asunnyday.C．raincoat.D．Alovelyhat7．A．He’snotgoingtocookhisowndinner.B．Heplanstodothesameashisbrother.C．Helovesthedinnerhisbrothercooks.D．Hewantstotakeonhisownresponsibility.8．A．ApplyingtoHarvardwillbefun.B．HeisconfidentofgettingintoHarvard.C．HehasnochoicebuttoapplytoHarvard.DThewomancangetthemanintoHarvard9．A．Thewomanisteachingthemanhowtocook.B．Thereisnothingthemancandotocookthedish.C．Thecookbookcontainsdifficultinstructionstofollow.D．Themanisgoodatfollowingwhatissaidinthecookbook.10．A．Thewomanistoobusytogotothedinner.B．ThewomanwilldefinitelygotothedinnerC．Thewomanwillprobablydeclinetheinvitation.D．Thewomanisaskingaboutthetimeforthedinner.SectionBDirections:InSectionB.youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthem.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11．A．BostonCookingSchoolB．TollHouseInn.C．Achocolatecompany.D．Nestle’sbranch12．A．Mixsmashedchocolatewithotheringredientsandbakedit.B．Coverthesurfaceofthecookieswithmeltedchocolate.C．Spreadbutteronsemi-sweetchocolatedesserts.D．Shapemeltedchocolateintothickpieces.13．A．Shekeptitasasecret.B．ShesoldittoNestle.C．SheappliedforapatentD．Sheshareditpublicly.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14．A．Theysupportvariouslivingcreatures.B．Theyreducegreenhousegasemissions.C．Theybringabouthugeeconomicbenefits.D．Theyprotectthecoastagainstmeltingice.15．A．AustraliaB．Canada.C．America.D．China.16．A．TourismwillfacestrongdeclineB．BeachlossesarecausingclimatechangeC．Halfoftheworld’ssandybeachescoulddisappear.D．BeachesplayanimportantpartintheecosystemQuestions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17．A．London.B．Barcelona.C．Madrid.D．Iceland18．A．Shewasscheduledtomeetmorecustomersinothercities.B．Hershipwasdelayedbythewindblowingsouthwards.C．Cloudsofvolcanoashthreatenedpassengers’health.D．Volcaniceruptioncausedherflighttobecancelled.19．A．Shetriedvariousmeansoftransportexceptthecoach.B．Shehadatoughjourneybackhomewithmanytransfers.C．SheenjoyedthelovelysceneryinvariouscitiesinSpain.D．ShemanagedtobookaticketwiththeBritishairlineatlast.20．A．Hepaidlittleattentiontothenewsmedia.B．Hedidn’tcareaboutmeaninglesspastimes.C．Hewasoutofemploymentfortoolong.D．Hewastoobusytomakepreparationsforit.Ⅱ．GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.TheHistoryofSnacksHamburgers,sandwichesandpizzaaresomeoftheworlds’favouritesnacks,buthaveyoueverwondered___1___firstatethem?Readontofindoutmore.ThehamburgerThehamburgerstartedlifeassmallpiecesofrawbeef___2___(eat)bytheTartars,atribewhoinvadedEuropeintheMiddleAges.___3___theyateit,theyusedtoputthemeatontheirhorseunderthesaddle(马鞍)theyweresittingoninordertomakeitsoft.WhentheTartarsarrivedinHamburg,thepeoplemixedthebeefwithlocalspices,frieditandcalledittheHamburgSteak.GermanswhocametotheUSAtookthisrecipewiththemanditbecameknown___4___ahamburgerthere.ThesandwichPeoplesaythatitwasJohnMontague,theFourthEarlofSandwich,___5___inventedthesandwich.Montagueenjoyedplayingcardsinhisfavouriterestaurant,theBeefSteakClubinLondon.Hecould___6___(find)theremostdaysandsomeofhisgameslastedforhours.Oneday,insteadofstopping___7___(eat)lunch,Montagueaskedaservanttobringhimsomemeatbetweentwoslicesofbreadtopreventthecardsfromgettingdirty.Whentheotherplayerssawthis,theybegantoorder’thesameasSandwich’,andsothesandwichgotitsname.PizzaMargheritaIn1889,QueenMargheritaofItalyinvitedchefRafaelleEspositofromhispizzariatovisittheroyalpalaceand___8___(bake)aselectionofpizzasforher.___9___(want)toimpressthequeen,Rafaellemadeaveryspecialpizza.Itwaslargeandtoppedwithtomatoes,mozzarellacheeseandfreshherbstorepresenttheItalianflag,____10____isred,whiteandgreen.TheQueenwasdelightedwiththisdesignandthepizzabecameoneofherfavouritefoods.Whenpeopleheardaboutthis,theyallwantedtotryitandsothepizzaMargheritawasborn.【答案】1.who2.eaten3.Whenever4.as5.that/who6.befound7.toeat8.bake9.Wanting10.which【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了汉堡、三明治和披萨三种小吃的由来。【1题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：汉堡、三明治和披萨是世界上最受欢迎的小吃，但你有没有想过是谁首先吃了它们？引导宾语从句，根据句意可知表示“谁”，在从句中作主语，所以用who引导，故填who。【2题详解】考查过去分词。句意：汉堡最初是中世纪入侵欧洲的鞑靼人吃的小块生牛肉。分析句子可知，eat作定语修饰beef，eat和它所修饰的词smallpiecesofrawbeef之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，故填eaten。【3题详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：每当他们吃的时候，他们总是把肉放在马的马鞍下，让它变软。根据句意可知此处引导让步状语从句表示“无论何时”，所以用whenever引导，句首单词首字母大写，故填Whenever。【4题详解】考查介词。句意：来到美国的德国人把这个食谱带到了美国，并在那里被称为汉堡。此处为动词短语beknownas“被称之为”，as为介词，故填as。【5题详解】考查强调句。句意：人们说三明治是三明治四世伯爵约翰·蒙塔古发明的。本句为强调句，强调句型为“itwas+被强调部分+that+其他”，被强调部分为人时，that也可以用who代替，此处强调了主语JohnMontaque，为人，故填that/who。【6题详解】考查动词语态。句意：大部分时间都能在那里找到他，他的一些比赛持续几个小时。主语he和find之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，前面有情态动词，be动词为原形，故填befound。【7题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：一天，蒙塔古没有停下来吃午饭，而是让仆人在两片面包中间夹些肉，以防牌弄脏。此处表示“停下来去做”，所以用动词短语“stoptodo”，动词不定式作目的状语，故填toeat。【8题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：1889年，意大利玛格丽塔王后邀请披萨店的厨师拉裴尔·埃斯波西托访问皇宫，并为她烤了一些披萨。和前面的tovisit并列作宾补，承前省略了不定式符号to，故填bake。【9题详解】考查现在分词。句意：想要给女王留下好印象，拉斐尔做了一个非常特别的披萨。want和主语之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语，故填Wanting。【10题详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：它很大，上面有西红杮、马苏里拉奶酪和新鲜的香草，代表着红、白、绿三色的意人利国旗。先行词为theItalianflag，指物，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，所以用which引导，故填which。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.incrediblyB.contractC.approachedD.basisE.essentialF.blanketsG.professionallyH.grantedI.strikesJ.mutualK.breakthroughsTheFatherofCoolItisevening,nearfreezing.Thecityispracticallyempty.Fog____11____thePittsburghRailroadStation.Ayoungengineerwalkstheplatform,hisbrainoccupiedwithaproblemthathasobsessedhimformonths.Andthenit____12____him—theArchimedeanlightningbolt(闪电)ofinspiration.Theanswerisliterallyallaroundhim:It’sthefogitself!Theyoungman’snameisWillisHavilandCarrier.Onthatfoggynightin1902,hehituponthetheorythatbecamethe____13____formodernair-conditioningtechnology.CarriergraduatedfromuniversityasamechanicalengineerinJune1901.Amonthlater,hebeganworkingfortheBuffaloForgeCompany,afirmthatproducedheatingandexhaustsystems____14____.Thesummerof1901was____15____hot.Aprintingcompanybecamefrustratedwithvaryinghumidity(湿度)levelswhentryingtoprintincolor.Thesamepaperhadtobeprintedfourtimesinfourcolors,andifthehumiditychangedbetweenprintruns,thepaperwouldslightlyexpandor____16____.Evenamillimeter’smisalignment(错位)lookedawful.Earlythefollowingyear,theprintingcompany____17____BuffaloForge,askingittodeviseasystemtocontrolhumidityintheairaswellasthetemperature.Thefirmturnedtothe25-year-oldCarrier.Bytheearly1850s,two____18____incoolinghadbeenachieved:aFrenchengineerdesignedthefirstabsorptionrefrigerator;andanAmericanphysicianwas____19____apatentforamachinetomakeice.Fromthenon,thechallengewouldlieincontrollinghumidityinsteadofloweringtemperature.Carrier’spartialsolutioninvolvedcirculatingcoldwaterandthenbalancingtheirtemperaturewiththerateofairflow.ItwasatthePittsburghRailroadStationthatthesolutioncametohim.Fewotherinventorshavehadsuchanimpactonmodernlifeandyetremainedsolittle-known.Airconditioning,inasense,hasbecome_____20_____.Andformostofus,thesimpleabilitytocoolourhomesamidthesummer’sheatismorethanenoughreasontobegratefulforCarrier’sfogboundmomentofgenius.【答案】11.F12.I13.D14.G15.A16.B17.C18.K19.H20.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要描写WillisHavilandCarrier在一个雾蒙蒙的夜晚偶然发现的理论成为现代空调技术的理论基础。【11题详解】考查动词。句意：雾笼罩着匹兹堡火车站。分析句子可知，空格处应填谓语动词第三人称单数形式，blanket作动词，意为“笼罩”符合句意。故选F。【12题详解】考查动词。句意：然后他突然想到了，阿基米德的灵感闪电。分析句子可知，空格处应填谓语动词第三人称单数形式，itstrikessb.意为“某人突然想起”符合句意。故选I。【13题详解】考查名词。句意：在1902年那个雾蒙蒙的夜晚，他偶然发现了一个理论，后来成为现代空调技术的基础。根据上文“thatbecamethe”以及后文“formodernair-conditioningtechnology”可知，此处应填名词作宾语，basis“基础”为名词，符合句意。故选D。【14题详解】考查副词。句意：一个月后，他开始为BuffaloForge公司工作，这是一家专业生产供暖和排气系统的公司。分析句子可知，空格处应为句子的修饰成分，副词professionally，意为“专业地”，修饰动词produced，作状语，符合句意。故选G。【15题详解】考查副词。句意：1901年的夏天异常炎热。分析句子可知，空格处应为句子的修饰成分，副词incredibly，意为“极其”，修饰形容词hot，作状语，符合句意。故选A。【16题详解】考查动词。句意：同一张纸必须用四种颜色打印四次，如果两次打印之间湿度发生变化，纸张会略微膨胀或收缩。根据上文“wouldslightlyexpandor”可知，空格处应填动词和expand并列，contract“收缩”为动词，符合句意。故选B。【17题详解】考查动词。句意：第二年年初，这家印刷公司与BuffaloForge公司接洽，要求其设计一套系统来控制空气中的湿度和温度。根据上文“Earlythefollowingyear”可知，句子使用一般过去时，空格处应填谓语动词过去式，approached“接洽”，符合句意。故选C。【18题详解】考查名词。句意：到19世纪50年代初，制冷方面取得了两项突破：一位法国工程师设计了第一台吸收式冰箱；一位美国医生获得了制冰机的专利。根据上文“two”以及后文“incoolinghadbeenachieved”可知，空格处应填复数名词作主语，breakthrough“突破”为名词，符合句意。故选K。【19题详解】考查语态。句意同上。根据上文“anAmericanphysicianwas”以及后文“apatentforamachinetomakeice”可知，空格处应填动词的过去分词构成被动语态，grant“授予”为动词，符合句意。故选H。【20题详解】考查形容词。句意：从某种意义上说，空调已经变得必不可少。分析句子可知，空格处为表语，可填形容词，essential“必不可少的”为形容词，符合句意。故选E。Ⅲ．ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Anewphoneappusesvibrationsfromsmartphonestowarnpeopleaboutearthquakes.Thephoneapp___21___suddenshakingoftheearth’ssurfacethroughsensorsinsmartphones.ItiscalledMyShake.ItistheworkoffourresearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.Theysaidtheycreatedaworldwidewarningsystemthatwould___22___peopleandgivethemtimetoprepare.TheMyShakeappis___23___onlyforAndroidphones.Smartphonesare___24___accelerometers(加速度感应器).Theseinstrumentsmeasuremovement,likethatofacarorairplane.MyShakeusesphoneaccelerometerstomeasureseismic(地震的)activity.Ithasbeen___25___toknowthedifferencebetweennormalactivityandearthquakemovement.Thesoftwaredeveloperssaytheirappisright93percentofthetime.Asmartphonesendsseismicinformationtotheappdevelopers.Ifthedevelopersreceiveseveralnotifications___26___,itrecognizesthatanearthquakemightbetakingplaceorwilltakeplacesoon.Usinginformationsentfromtheapp,thenetworkthen___27___thelocationandstrengthofthequakeinrealtime.MyShakecanrecordmagnitude5.0earthquakesatdistancesof10kilometersorless.MyShakeusesvery___28___power,accordingtoitsdevelopers.Onlywhenseismicactivityis___29___bytheappdoesitbecomeactiveandsendsdatatothenetwork.Theappworksbestwhenyourphoneisrestingona____30____surface,likeatable.ThedevelopershopethatMyShakecanaddtoinformationcollectedbytheU.S.GeologicalSurvey.ThatU.S.agencyhascreatedtheEarthquakeEarlyWarningSystem,also____31____EEW.TheEEWhasdeployed(部署)sensorsformeasuringquakesinmanyareas.Inplaceswherenosuchequipment____32____,MyShakemaybetheonlymethodofearlyquake____33____.Theappalsoshowswaystostaysaferduringanearthquake.Thedeveloperssayitwillbecomemoreeffectiveasmorepeopleuseit.“Ourgoalistobuildaworldwideseismicnetworkandusethedatato____34____theeffectsofearthquakesonusasindividualsandonsocietyasawhole,”saytheresearchers.Thedeveloperssaytheyhopetoaddafeaturethatwould____35____peopleaboutapossibletsunami:ahugewaveafteranearthquake.21.A.reports B.recognizes C.reveals D.reviews22.A.infer B.include C.influence D.inform23.A.acquired B.available C.affordable D.approachable24.A.equippedwith B.madeupof C.filledwith D.inneedof25.A.programmed B.protected C.prohibited D.promised26.A.fromdifferentplaces B.fromonearea C.fromthesamephone D.fromanotherdeveloper27.A.controls B.connects C.estimates D.receives28.A.much B.little C.excessive D.green29.A.activated B.sensed C.resisted D.issued30.A.low B.wooden C.high D.flat31.A.honoredwith B.calledfor C.knownas D.definedas32.A.exists B.forms C.counts D.exploits33.A.protection B.diagnosis C.detection D.resistance34.A.raise B.receive C.record D.reduce35.A.confirm B.appoint C.alert D.acknowledge【答案】21.B22.D23.B24.A25.A26.B27.C28.B29.B30.D31.C32.A33.C34.D35.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款名为MyShake的手机应用程序，可以通过智能手机中的传感器识别地球表面的突然震动来侦测地震，从而及时通知人们，并给他们准备时间。文章介绍了这款应用的工作原理和一些特性。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这款手机应用程序通过智能手机中的传感器识别地球表面的突然震动。A.reports报告；B.recognizes识别，认出；C.reveals揭示；D.reviews回顾。结合上文Anewphoneappusesvibrationsfromsmartphonestowarnpeopleaboutearthquakes.可知一款新的手机应用程序使用智能手机的震动来提醒人们地震，故此处指这款手机应用程序通过智能手机中的传感器识别地球表面的突然震动。故选B。22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们说，他们创建了一个全球预警系统，可以通知人们，并给他们准备时间。A.infer推断；B.include包含；C.influence影响；D.inform通知。根据上文worldwidewarningsystemthat可知全球预警系统的作用是在地震发生时通知（inform）人们，并给他们准备时间。故选D。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：MyShake应用程序只适用于Android手机。A.acquired取得；B.available可获得的；C.affordable负担得起的；D.approachable可接近的。结合后文onlyforAndroidphones.可知此处字这款应用只适用于Android手机。短语beavailablefor“对……可用”。故选B。【24题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：智能手机配备有加速度感应器。A.equippedwith配备；B.madeupof由……组成；C.filledwith充满；D.inneedof需要。结合后文accelerometers可知此处指智能手机配备有加速度感应器。短语beequippedwith“配备有……”。故选A。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它已编好程序，可以知道正常活动和地震运动之间的区别。A.programmed编程，规划；B.protected保护；C.prohibited禁止；D.promised承诺。结合后文toknowthedifferencebetweennormalactivityandearthquakemovement.可知MyShake这款软件被编程好，可以知道正常活动和地震运动之间的区别。故选A。【26题详解】考查短语辨析。句意：如果开发人员从一个地区收到多个通知，它就会意识到地震可能正在发生，也可能很快就会发生。A.fromdifferentplaces从不同的地方；B.fromonearea从一个地区；C.fromthesamephone从同一个手机；D.fromanotherdeveloper从另一个开发人员。要识别地震应当是收集同一个地区的多个通知，软件就会意识到地震可能正在发生，也可能很快就会发生。故选B。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：利用该应用程序发送的信息，该网络然后实时估计地震的位置和强度。A.controls控制；B.connects连接；C.estimates估计；D.receives接收。结合后文thelocationandstrengthofthequake可知利用该应用程序发送的信息，该网络然后实时估计（estimates）地震的位置和强度。其它选项不符合语境。故选C。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：据开发人员介绍，MyShake的耗电量非常小。A.much许多；B.little小的；C.excessive过多的；D.green绿色的。结合后文appdoesitbecomeactiveandsendsdatatothenetwork.可知只有当地震活动被探测到时，应用程序才会激活，并向网络发送数据。所以MyShake的耗电量很小。故选B。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：只有当地震活动被感应到时，应用程序才会激活并向网络发送数据。A.activated激活；B.sensed感应，感觉；C.resisted反抗；D.issued发布。结合上文，可知这款APP的功能就是用来感应地震活动的。故选B。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当你的手机放在像桌子这样的平面上时，这款应用的效果最好。A.low低的；B.wooden木制的；C.high高的；D.flat平的。根据后文likeatable.可知手机要放在像桌子这样的平面上，应用的效果最好。故选D。【31题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个美国机构已经建立了地震预警系统，也被称为EEW。A.honoredwith荣誉；B.calledfor要求；C.knownas被称为；D.definedas定义为。结合后文EEW可知EEW是EarthquakeEarlyWarning的首字母缩写，因此此处指地震预警系统，也被称为EEW。故选C。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在不存在这种设备的地方，MyShake可能是早期侦测地震的唯一方法。A.exists存在；B.forms形成；C.counts计算；D.exploits开发。根据后文MyShakemaybetheonlymethodof可知一些地方不存在在地震预警系统，那么MyShake可能是早期地震探测的唯一方法。故选A。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在不存在这种设备的地方，MyShake可能是早期侦测地震的唯一方法。A.protection保护；B.diagnosis诊断；C.detection侦测；D.resistance抵抗。根据第三段中MyShakeusesphoneaccelerometerstomeasureseismicactivity.可知MyShake的作用是侦测地震。故选C。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这组科学家说:“我们的目标是建立一个全球地震网络，利用这些数据减少地震对我们个人和整个社会的影响。”A.raise上升；B.receive收到；C.record记录；D.reduce减少。地震是一种自然灾害，因此是要减少对个人和整个社会的影响。故选D。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：开发人员说，他们希望增加一项功能，提醒人们可能发生的海啸：地震后的巨浪。A.confirm确认；B.appoint任命；C.alert使警惕；D.acknowledge承认。结合后文peopleaboutapossibletsunami:ahugewaveafteranearthquake.可知开发人员希望给这款应用再增加一项提醒人们可能发生海啸的功能。故选C。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveread.(A)KatherineJonson,winnerofthepresidentialmedialoffreedom,refusedtobelimitedbysociety5expectationsofhergenderandracewhileexpandingthebordersofhumanity’sreach--PresidentBarackObama,2015Usinglittlemorethanapencil,aslideruleandoneofthefinestmathematicalmindsinthecountry,Mrs.Johnson,whodiedat101,calculatedtheprecisepaththatwouldletApollo11landonthemoonin1969and,afterNeilArmstrong'shistory-makingmoonwalk,letitreturntoEarthWetthroughoutMrs.Johnson's33yearsinNASAN&FlightResearchDivisionandfordecadesafterward,almostnooneknewhername.Shewasjustoneofthoseunheraldedwomenwho,wellbeforethemodernfeminist(女权)movement,workedasNASAmathematicians.ButitwasnotonlyhergenderthatkeptherlongmarginalizedandlongunsungKatherineJohnson,aWestVirginianative,wasalsoAfrican-American.Butovertime,theworkofMrs.Johnsonandhercolleagues--countlesscalculationsdonemainlybyhand,usingsliderules,chartpaperandinefficientdesktopcalculatingmachines--wonthemalevelofacceptancethatforthemostcompetitiverace.“NASAwasaveryprofessionalorganization,”Mrs.JohnsontoldTheObserverofFayetteville,N.C.,in2010.“Theydidn'thavetimetobeconcernedaboutwhatcolorIwas.”Nor,shesaid,didshe.”Idon'thaveafeelingofinferiority,”Mrs.Johnsonsaidonatleastoneoccasion.”Neverhad.Imasgoodasanybody,butnobetter.”Totheendofherlife,Mrs.Johnsonrefusedpraiseforherroleinsendingastronautsintospace,keepingthemoncourseandbringingthemsafelyhome.”Iwasjustdoingmyjob,”Mrs.Johnsonrepeatedlysaidso.Butwhatajobitwas--done,noless,byawomanbornatatimewhentheoddsweremorelikelythatshewoulddiebeforeage35thanevenfinishhighschool.36.Theunderlinedword“unheralded”mostprobablymeans______.A.notadequatelypaidB.notpreviouslymentionedC.notofficiallyrewarded.D.notfastpromoted37.Itwas___________puttogetherthatmadeMrs.Johnsonamiracle.A.herskincolor,hergenderandthefacilitiesB.hergender,herintelligenceandthefacilitiesC.herskincolor,hergenderandherintelligenceD.herintelligence,herskincolorandthefacilities38.FromMrs.Johnson'scommentsonNASAandherownjob,wecanconcludethat____________.A.shewasconfidentandmodestB.NASAshowsnointerestinstaff'sracesC.ShewassuperiortomostwomeninherageD.NASAisprofessionallyorganizedandsupportive39.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.WomanMadeCalculationsB.NASAMarginalizedMathematiciansC.GenderDividedOrganizationsD.MathematicianBrokeBarriers【答案】36.B37.C38.A39.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇人物传记。文章介绍了在航天事业上做出了巨大贡献的美国最杰出的数学天才之一——凯瑟琳·约翰逊。【36题详解】词义猜测题。根据此词前一句fordecadesafterward,almostnooneknewhername.“几十年后，几乎没有人知道她的名字。”由此推知，下文中划线词的意思是“以前未提到的”。故选B。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中Usinglittlemorethanapencil,aslideruleandoneofthefinestmathematicalmindsinthecountry,Mrs.Johnson,whodiedat101,calculatedtheprecisepaththatwouldletApollo11landonthemoonin1969“她只用了一支铅笔和一把计算尺，而她是美国最杰出的数学天才之一。约翰逊在101岁时去世，她计算出了阿波罗11号在1969年登陆月球的精确路径，”和ButitwasnotonlyhergenderthatkeptherlongmarginalizedandlongunsungKatherineJohnson,aWestVirginianative,wasalsoAfrican-American.“然而，让长期被边缘化、默默无闻的凯瑟琳·约翰逊(KatherineJohnson)成为非裔美国人的不只是她的性别。”和第三段“Theydidn'thavetimetobeconcernedaboutwhatcolorIwas.”“他们没有时间去关心我是什么肤色。他们没有时间去关心我是什么肤色。”由此可知，她的肤色，她的性别和她的智慧使约翰逊夫人成为一个奇迹。故选C。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“NASAwasaveryprofessionalorganization,”Mrs.JohnsontoldTheObserverofFayetteville,N.C.,in2010.“Theydidn'thavetimetobeconcernedaboutwhatcolorIwas.”“Idon'thaveafeelingofinferiority,”Mrs.Johnsonsaidonatleastoneoccasion.”Neverhad.Imasgoodasanybody,butnobetter.”NASA是一个非常专业的组织。约翰逊告诉北卡罗来纳州费耶特维尔的《观察家报》在2010年。“他们没有时间去关心我是什么肤色。“我没有自卑感。”约翰逊至少有一次这样说过。“从来没有。我和别人一样好，但也好不到哪去。”由此可知，从约翰逊夫人对NASA和她自己工作的评论中，可知她是自信而谦虚的。故选A。【39题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中Usinglittlemorethanapencil,aslideruleandoneofthefinestmathematicalmindsinthecountry,Mrs.Johnson,whodiedat101,calculatedtheprecisepaththatwouldletApollo11landonthemoonin1969“她只用了一支铅笔和一把计算尺，而她是美国最杰出的数学天才之一。约翰逊享年101岁，他计算出了阿波罗11号在1969年登陆月球的精确路径”。由此可知作者女数学家在航空事业上打破了壁垒，做出了巨大贡献，所以D项为最佳标题。故选D。(B)Nottoohot,nottoocold.SpringistheperfecttimetovisitEuropeforidealweather.ThebestEuropeancountriestovisitinthespringinclude:France,Netherlands,Slovakia,Romania,CzechRepublicandsoon.FranceOneofthemosttourist-packedcountriesinEurope,Franceofferslessercrowdsandmoreexcellentweatherduringthespringmonths.JustoutsideofParisaretheimpressivecastlesandcountryhousesofSceaux,wherethecherryblossomcaneasilybeseeninspring.NetherlandsTheNetherlandsiswell-knownforitsvastfieldsofflowers,makingspringaperfecttimeforaDutchholiday.ThetulipfieldsintheNoordoostpolderareamust,aswellasflowerfieldsinFlevolandandKopvanNoord-Holland.InVeluweNationalPark,touristswillberewardedwiththesightofreddeereatinggrass.AtriptotheNetherlandswould,ofcourse,beincompletewithoutavisittoAmsterdam.ThelessercrowdsandlovelyweatherofspringmakeittheperfecttimetoexploreAmsterdam’scanals.SlovakiaSlovakiaisawonderfullydiversecountrywithrichculturalhistoryandawe-inspiringnaturalsites.SlovakParadiseisanaturalparkthatoffers19naturereservesandover350caves.DuetoitshotsummersandcoldwintersspringisaperfecttimetoexploreallthatSlovakiahastooffer.RomaniaRomaniahostsavarietyofgreatculturalsitesandlivelycities,especiallyattractiveduringspringmonths.TheStatueofKingDecebalus,a141-foot-highupperpartofDecebaluscarvedintothesideofarock,isawonderfulattraction.

BrașovOldTown

isoneofEurope’smostcharmingdestinationsforthoselookingtoescapethecapitalcityofBucharest.CzechRepublicDuetoitsimpossiblypreservedGothicarchitecture,PragueiswidelyregardedasthemostimpressivecityinEurope.Assuch,summertimewillbecharacterizedwithcrowdsthatcanruintheromancewithwhichyoushouldexperiencePrague.MayintheCzechRepublicoffersperfectnot-too-hot,not-too-coldweather.ThismakesforidealconditionstocrossCharlesBridgeandtourPragueCastle.40.Ifonewantstoappreciateflowers,hewillmostprobablygoto______.A.France B.Netherlands C.Romania D.CzechRepublic41.Accordingtothepassage,thebestdestinationsfortouristsinterestedinarchitectureare______.A.FranceandRomania B.RomaniaandSlovakiaC.SlovakiaandCzechRepublic D.FranceandCzechRepublic42.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthecountriesmentionedinthepassage?A.Theyarepackedwithmorecrowdsinspringthaninotherseasons.B.TouristscantravelinshipswhenvisitingRomaniaandNetherlands.C.Travellerscancatchsightofandfeedwildanimalsinthesecountries.D.Slovakiaisanamazingplacewheretouristscanenjoynaturalbeauty.【答案】40.B41.D42.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了五个适合春天去的旅游目的地。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“TheNetherlandsiswell-knownforitsvastfieldsofflowers,makingspringaperfecttimeforaDutchholiday.ThetulipfieldsintheNoordoostpolderareamust,aswellasflowerfieldsinFlevolandandKopvanNoord-Holland.(荷兰以其广阔的花田而闻名，春天是荷兰人度假的最佳时机。Noordoostpolder的郁金香田是必去之地，Flevoland和KopvanNoord-Holland的花田也是必去之地)”可知，如果一个人想要赏花，他很可能会去荷兰。故选B。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“JustoutsideofParisaretheimpressivecastlesandcountryhousesofSceaux,wherethecherryblossomcaneasilybeseeninspring.(巴黎郊外有令人印象深刻的城堡和乡村别墅，春天樱花盛开)”以及最后一段“DuetoitsimpossiblypreservedGothicarchitecture,PragueiswidelyregardedasthemostimpressivecityinEurope.(由于其哥特式建筑保存完好，布拉格被广泛认为是欧洲最令人印象深刻的城市)”可知，对建筑感兴趣的游客的最佳目的地是法国和捷克共和国。故选D。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Slovakiaisawonderfullydiversecountrywithrichculturalhistoryandawe-inspiringnaturalsites.SlovakParadiseisanaturalparkthatoffers19naturereservesandover350caves.Duetoitshotsummersandcoldwinters,springisaperfecttimetoexploreallthatSlovakiahastooffer.(斯洛伐克是一个非常多元化的国家，有着丰富的文化历史和令人惊叹的自然景观。斯洛伐克天堂是一个自然公园，有19个自然保护区和350多个洞穴。由于其炎热的夏天和寒冷的冬天，春天是一个完美的时间来探索斯洛伐克所提供的一切)”可知，斯洛伐克是一个令人惊叹的地方，游客可以在那里享受自然美景。故选D。(C)Otters,arecute,thisnoonecandeny.Theyhavebigeyes,shortandflatnosesandclaws(爪子)liketinyhands.Theylookevencuterwhentheywearhatsandthrowfoodballsintotheirmouthsasiftheywerebarsnacks,likeTakechiyo,apetotterinJapan.DocumentingTakechiyo’sfunnybehaviorhasearnedhisownernearly230,000followersonInstagram,aphoto-sharingapp.Takechiyo’sfamereflectsacrazeacrosseastandSouth-EastAsiaforkeepingthecutecreaturesaspets.EnthusiastsinJapanvisitcaféswheretheypaytohugthem;Indonesianownersparadetheirpetsaroundonleadsorgoswimmingwiththem,thensharetheirpicturesonline.Buttheseenjoyablephotosmaskatradethatisdoingalotofdamage.Evenbeforetheybecamefashionablecompanionsforhumans,Asia’swildottersfacedplentyofthreats.Their