职称英语综合类b级模拟8

职称英语综合类B级模拟8

第1部分：词汇选项

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线。请从每个句子后面

所给的4个选项中，选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

We111visitEuropenextyearprovidedwehaveenoughmoney.

A.lestB.until

C.unlessD.if

2、Lastyear,thecrimerateinChicagohassharplydeclined.

A.ascendedB.lessened

C.descendedD.slipped

3、Agentlebreezeappearedjustwhentheheatofthesunbecameunbearable.

A.cametoB.camethrough

C.cameroundD.cameup

4、ThefamousbankerhasconsiderableinfluencewiththePresidentoftheUnited

States.

A.verylargeB.considerate

C.consideringD.considered

5、Astheoldgentlemanwalkedalongtheavenue,allthechildrensalutedhim.

A.greetedB.tricked

C.calledD.followed

6、Thenthespeakertalkedaboutthevariousfactorsleadingtothepresenteconomic

crisis.

A.wentafterB,wentfor

C.wentintoD.wenton

7>Whenfourbanksfailedinoneday,therewasa(n)panicamongbusinessmen.

A.commotionB.excitement

C.scareD.depression

8、Herinterestinredecoratingthebighousekeptheroccupiedforawholeweek.

A.constrainedB.dominated

C.restrictedD.busy

9、Theproudyoungmanvalueshimselfonhisabilityinhandlingdifficultissues.

A.pridesB.purchased

C.meritedD.defected

10>Aftermakingobservationsforaweekintheplant,theindustrialengineer

madeanumberofveryconstructivesuggestionsinanoralreporttothemanager.

A.carefulB.cautious

C.deservedD.helpful

11>Shewassoabsorbedinherjobthatshedidn11hearanybodyknockingatthe

door.

A.attractedB.interested

C.drawnD.concentrated

12、Movingpicturespresentspectacularsceneslikebattles,processions,storms

orraces.

A.delightfulB.splendid

C.appreciableD.promising

13>Hisholdingsincludeahouse,acar,stockszbondsandjewelry.

A.meansB.land

C.possessionsD.funds

14、UsuallythereisasubstantialincreaseintheamountofmailduringtheChristmas

season.

A.subsequentB.subtle

C.largeD.superficial

15>Youalwaysfollowyourowninclinationsinsteadofthinkingofourfeelings.

A.conductsB.profits

C.occupationsD.dispositions

第2部分：阅读判断

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

Whydopeoplebecometoofat

Itisindeedunfortunatethatinourmoderneraoftechnologicandscientific

achievement,thereisnoadequateexplanationforaseeminglysimplequestion：

"whydopeoplebecometoofatandwhatcanbedonetopreventit?nabout50

millionmenand60millionwomenbetweentheagesof18and79are"toofat"

andneedtoreduceexcessweight.Thisamounttoabout377millionkgofexcess

fatformenand667millionkgforwomen,oratotaloft044millionkg(2297

millionlb)fortheUnitedStatesadultpopulation!Iftheoverfatmenand

womendietedbyconsuming600fewercalorieseachdaytoreducetoannormal*'

valueofbodyfat(achievablein68daysformenand101daysforwomen),

thereducedcaloricintakewouldequal5.7trillingcalories.Translating

thisintofossilfuelenergyandconsideringsuchfactorsastheenergyrequired

toplant,cultivate,harvest,feed,process,transport,wholesale,retailz

acquirezstoreandcookthefood,theannualenergysavingswouldbeequal

tothatrequiredtosupplytheresidentialelectricdemandsofBoston,Chicago,

sanFranciscoandWashingtonDC,or13billiongallonsofgasolinetofuel

900,000autosperyear.Untilrecently,themajorcauseofobesitywasbelieved

tobeovereating.However,ifgluttony(贪食)andoverindulgenceweretheonly

factorsassociatedwithanincreaseinbodyfat,theeasiestwaytopermanently

reducewouldsurelytobecutbackonfood.Ofcourse,ifitwerethatsimple,

obesitywouldsoonbeeliminatedasamajorhealthproblem.Thereareobviously

otherfactorsoperativesuchasgenetic,environmental,andsocialinfluences.

However,thesecausesprobablyoverlap.Itseemsfairlycertainthatthe

treatmentproceduresdevisedsofar,whethertheybediets,surgery,drugsz

psychologicmethods,orexercisezeitheraloneorincombination,havenot

beenparticularlysuccessfulinsolvingtheproblemonalong-termbasis.

Thereisnonetheless,optimismthatasresearcherscontinuetoinvestigate

themanyfacetsof.obesity,aswellastotestandquantifyvarioustreatment

modes,significantprogresscanbemadetoconquerthismajorhealthproblem.

16>Thepercentageoftheexcessfatforwomenofthetotalamountofexcess

fatisroughly50%.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17、Lessthan5.7trillioncalorieswouldequaltheenergyrequiredannually

tosupplytheresidentialelectricdemandsofBoston,Chicago,SanFrancisco,

andWashingtonDC.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18>Indulgenceindrinking,thegenetic,environmental,socialfactorsand

overeatingshouldbeconsideredinevaluatingthecauseofanoverfatperson.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19>Domorephysicalexerciseswillhelppersonstobuildourbodies.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、Thewriterfinallysaysthereisoptimismforthetreatmentofobesity,

becausesignificantprogresswillbemadetoconquerthismajorhealthproblem

throughtheresearchers*efforts.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21>Peoplefailtosolvetheimportantproblemofobesityandweightcontrol

inourmodernera.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22>Onlyyoungpersonsfacesuchaproblemthattheyaretoofat.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23〜26题要求从所给的6个选项中

为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题；⑵第27〜30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正

确选项，分别完成每个句子。

ComputerSecurity

1.Asthebusinesssector,andindeedallofoursociety,becomesmore

dependentoncomputers,concernaboutcomputersecuritygrows.Accordingto

BusinessWeek,roughly$1trillionistransferredeverydayviacomputer

networks.Yetaknowledgeablepersoncan,withrelativeease,accessacomputer

systemandcauseseriousdamage.Estimatesoftheannualcostofcomputer

crimerangefrom$Ibillionto$2billion.

2.Oneofthemostrecentcomputerproblemsfirmsfaceiscalleda"computer

virusH.Avirusisatypeofcomputerprogramthatisintentionallyhidden

inothercomputerprograms.Whenaprogramwithaviruscomesintocontact

withotherprogramszthevirusattackstheotherprograms.Somevirusescan

destroyeverybitofinformationinacomputer.Businessesalsofacttheproblem

oflosinghighlyconfidentialdatatocomputerhackers.Theseindividuals

breakintocomputersystemsandstealinformationordamageprograms.

3.Computervirusesandcomputerhackerspresentahugepotentialrisk

tofirms.Theyhaveshutdownentirecomputersystemsinsomelargecompanies.

4.Fortunately,businessfirmscannowobtaininsurancecoverageforlosses

fromcomputercrime.Althoughsomepoliciesspecificallycovercomputerviruses,

manyothersweredraftedbeforecomputervirusesbecameaproblem.These

policiesgenerallyinsureallrisksofdirectphysicallossordamage,unless

somethingisspecificallyexcluded.Theissuethenbecomeswhetherornot

thedamagecausedbyacomputervirusisaphysicalloss.Insomecases,insurance

companieshavemaintainedthatinformationlostonacomputerisnotphysical

propertyandthusisnotcoveredbyatraditionalall-riskpolicy.

5.Manyinsurancecompaniesarebeginningtousepolicylanguagethatdeals

specificallywiththelossofcomputerinformation.Inthisway,theinsured

understandswhatiscovered,andtheinsurancecompanycanavoidalarge,

unexpectedloss.Courtshaveheldthatinformationstoredonthecomputer

istangible（切实的）propertyintaxcases.Inpropertyinsurancecases,they

mayhandlethedestructionofcomputerinformationthesameway.Destruction

ofvaluableinformation,therefore,couldresultinacatastrophiclossthat

iscoveredunderanall-riskpolicyunlessthereislimitinglanguage.

A.Fatalnessfromvirusesandhackers

B.Twoprimarydangerousfactors：virusandhacker

C.Howthevirusesandhackersdestroyourcomputersthelossofcomputer

information

D.Attitudestowards

E.Thebestwaytoprotectourcomputers

F.Thepoliciesabouttheviruses

23>Paragraph2.

24、Paragraph3.

25、Paragraph4.

26>Paragraph5.

27、A.virusesandhackers

B.tangibleproperty

C.worthdoing

D.attacksotherprograms

E.exceptinformationlost

F.allthecrimes

Fromthispassage,weknowthatthemostimportantfactorsincomputersecurity

are.

28>Avirusissuchaprogramthatitishiddeninotherprogramsand.

29、Insomecases,insurancecompanieswillcompensatethecustomersallthe

losses.

30、Nowcourtsthinkinformationstoredinthecomputerisalso.

第4部分：阅读理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文，并

根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。

第一篇

Thinkingfromateacher

Asthefallsemesterended,mystudentshadachancetoturntotables

ontheirteacher.Theygottogrademeanonymously,assessingtheclarity

ofmythinking,myorganizationalskillsandthedepthofmyknowledge.At

theirbestzsuchevaluationskeepmealerttowhatworksandwhatdoesnot.

Studentsreflectmyperformancebacktome,andIamgladtolearnwhatthey

thinkofmyteaching,sothatImighttrytoimprove.

Iamalsoawarethatthestudents*commentsbecometheprimaryevidence

ofmyabilitieszapapertrailfollowingmethroughoutmycareer.WhenIcome

upforreview,thepromotioncommitteewillexaminemyevaluationstodetermine

justwhatkindofteacherIam.

Thereis,ofcourseznothingwrongwithaccountability.Butthissystem

assumesthatwhatstudentsneedisthesameaswhattheywant.Readingmy

evaluationseverysemesterhastaughtmeotherwise.Manystudents*expectations

fortheircourseshavechanged,reflecting,inpartzthebusinessmodelmore

universitiesarefollowing.Classesareconsideredserviceszandparentsare

eagertogettheirmoney*sworthfromtheirchildren*seducation.Students

feelpressurefromtheirparentstoderivepracticalusefromtheircourses.

Thiscouldmakesenseforanengineeringcourse,butinmyfield,creative

writing,whichrarelychurnsoutpolished21-year-oldwriters,itistrickier

toprovidetheresultsthatthecareer-mindedstudentcraves.ThenIstumbled

uponsomedubiousteachingtechniqueszreversedthecriticismsofthese

chronicallyunhappystudentsandimprovedmystudentevaluationsforthe

semester.Myrecordwouldreflectasmart,attentivezencouragingteacher.

ButIwouldarguethatItaughtthesestudentslittle.Theylovedmebecause

Iagreedthatwritingshouldbeeasy.

Iknowotherteacherswhohavedonethesamething：teachyourheartout

totheteachablebutbesuretopleasetheunteachable,tokeepyourratings

highlikeapoliticiantryingtoimprovehispollresults.

Ibelieveinthestruggle,andmoststudentsIhavemetdotoo.ButIstill

can*thelpwincingwhenIread,HTheinstructorismean.n"Marcusisnotcommitted

tomywork.n"Thisclasssucks.11Thebusinessmodelhastaughtmethatthe

customerisalwaysright.Butmaybeafewmoredissatisfiedcustomerwould

meanabetterlearningexperience.

31>Whatdoesthephrasenturnthetablesontheirteachers11inPara.1mean?

A.Studentsturnthetablestotheirteachers.

B.Studentspraisetheirteachers.

C.Studentsevaluatetheirteachers.

D.Studentscriticizetheirteachers.

32、Whyhasthestudents*expectationoftheircourseschanged?

A.Becausethebusinessmodelhaschanged.

B.Becausetheywanttoimprovetheirotherabilities.

C.Becausetheyfeelgreatpressurefromthesociety.

D.Becausetheyhavetosatisfytheirparents,

33、Whydoestheauthorsay"classesareconsideredservice"?

A.Becauseeducationiscommercialactivity.

B.Becausetheparentsareanxioustoseetheirfeedbackofinvestment

ontheirchildren.

C.Becausethestudentsaretheschool1sGodandtheteachersmustserve

thestudents.

D.Becausetherelationshipbetweentheteacherandthestudentsisthe

businessmanandthecustomer.

34、Whatkindofteachingmethoddoestheauthoruseinhiswritingclass?

A.Dubiousteachingmethod.

B.Encouragingthepoorstudents.

C.Praisingtheexcellentstudents.

D.Improvingtheevaluationforthestudents.

35、Whatwasachievedattheendofthewritingclass?

A.Thestudentsalllearnedalot.

B.Thestudentslikedhisclassverymuch.

C.Thewritingclassbecameaneasycourseforthestudents.

D.Thestudentssangtheteacher1spraises.

弟—^扁

Deathpenalty

Withthepossibleexceptionofequalrights,perhapsthemostcontroversial

issueacrosstheunitedStatestodayisthedeathpenalty.Manyarguethat

itisaneffectivedeterrenttomurder,whileothersmaintainthereisno

convincingevidencethatthedeathpenaltyreducesthenumberofmurders.

Theprincipalargumentadvancedbythoseopposedtothedeathpenalty,

basically,isthatitiscruelandinhumanpunishment,thatitisthemark

ofabrutalsociety,andfinallythatitisofquestionableeffectiveness

asadeterrenttocrimeanyway.

Inouropinion,thedeathpenaltyisanecessaryevil.Throughoutrecorded

historytherehavealwaysbeenthoseextremeindividualsineverysociety

whowerecapableofterriblyviolentcrimessuchasmurder.Butsomearemore

extremethanothers.

Forexample,itisonethingtotakethelifeofanotherinafitofblind

rage,butquiteanothertocoldlyplotandcarryoutthemurderofanother

oneormorepeopleinthestyleofabutcher.Thus,murder,likeallother

crimeszisamatterofrelativedegree.Whileitcouldbearguedwithsome

convictionthatthecriminalinthefirstinstanceshouldbemerelyisolated

fromsociety,suchshouldnotbethefateofthelattertypemurderer.

Thevalueofthedeathpenaltyasadeterrenttocrimemaybeopentodebate.

ButtheoverwheImingmajorityofcitizensbelievethatthedeathpenalty

protectsthem.Theirbeliefisreinforcedbyevidencewhichshowsthatthe

deathpenaltydetersmurder.Forexample,from1954to1963,whenthedeath

penaltywasconsistentlyimposedinCalifornia,themurderrateremainedbetween

threeandfourmurdersforeach100z000population,Since1964thedeathpenalty

hasbeenimposedonlyonce,andthemurderratehasrisento10.4murders

1

foreach100z000population.Thesharpclimbinthestatesmurderrate,which

beganwhenexecutionsstopped,isnocoincidence.Itisconvincingevidence

thatthedeathpenaltydoesdetermanymurderers.Ifthebillreestablishing

thedeathpenaltyisvetoed,innocentpeoplewillbemurdered—somewhoselives

mayhavebeensavedifthedeathpenaltywereineffect.Thisisliterally

alifeordeathmatter.Thelivesofthousandsofinnocentpeoplemustbe

protected.

36、Themainpurposeofthispassageisto.

A.criticizethegovernmentforitsincompetence

B.explainthedifferencesbetweentwotypesofmurders

C.argueforthevalueofthedeathpenalty

D.initiateavetooverthebillreestablishingthedeathpenalty

37、Thepassageattemptstoestablisharelationshipbetween.

A.theimportanceofequalrightsandthatofthedeathpenalty

B.executionsandhumanrights

C.theeffectsofexecutionandtheeffectsofisolation

D.themurderrateandtheimportanceofthedeathpenalty

38、Theauthor1sresponsetothosewhourgethedeathpenaltyforalldegrees

ofmurderwouldmostlikelybe_______.

A.hostileB.friendly

C.negativeD.supportive

39、Inthepassagetheauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith.

A.supportingapositionB.describinganevent

C.analyzingaproblemobjectivelyD.settlingadispute

40、Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorthinksthat.

A.thevalueofthedeathpenaltyasadeterrenttocrimeisnottobe

debated

B.thedeathpenaltyisthemostcontroversialissueintheUnitedStates

today

C.thevetoofthebillreestablishingthedeathpenaltyisoflittle

importance

D.thesecondtypeofmurderersmentionedinParagraph4shouldbesentenced

todeath

如第—二^篇植

Youngpeopleandtheirparents

Itisnaturalforyoungpeopletobecriticaloftheir,parentsattimes

andtoblamethemformostofthemisunderstandingsbetweenthem.Theyhave

alwayscomplained,moreorlessjustly,thattheirparentsareoutoftouch

withmodernways；thattheyarepossessiveanddominant；thattheydonot

trusttheirchildrentodealwithcrisis；thattheytalktoomuchaboutcertain

problems—andthattheyhavenosenseofhumorzatleastinparent-child

relationships.

Ithinkitistruethatparentsoftenunderestimatetheirteenagechildren

andalsoforgethowtheythemselvesfeltwhenyoung.

Youngpeopleoftenirritatetheirparentswiththeirchoicesinclothes

andhairstyleszinentertainersandmusic.Thisisnottheirmotive.They

feelcutofffromtheadultworldintowhichtheyhavenotyetbeenaccepted.

Sotheycreateacultureandsocietyoftheirown.Then,itturnsoutthat

theirmusicorentertainersorvocabularyorclothesorhairstylesirritate

theirparents.Thisgivesthemadditionalenjoyment.Theyfeeltheyaresuperior,

atleastinsmallway,andthattheyareleadersinstyleandtaste.

Sometimesyouareresistant,andproudbecauseyoudonotwantyourparents

toapproveofwhatyoudo.Iftheydidapprove,itlooksasifyouarebetraying

yourownagegroup.Butinthatcase,youareassumingthatyouareunderdog：

youcan*twinbutatleastyoucankeepyourhonor.Thisisapassiveway

oflookingatthings.Itisnaturalenoughafterlongyearsofchildhood,

whenyouwerecompletelyunderyourparents1control.Butitignoresthefact

thatyouarenowbeginningtoberesponsibleforyourself.

Ifyouplantocontrolyourlife,co-operationcanbepartofthatplan.

Youcancharmothers,especiallyyourparentszintodoingthingsthewayyou

want.Youcanimpressotherswithyoursenseofresponsibilityandinitiative,

sothattheywillgiveyoutheauthoritytodowhatyouwanttodo.

41>Theauthorisprimarilyaddressing.

A.parentsofteenagersB.newspaperreaders

C.thosewhogiveadvicetoteenagersD.teenagers

42、Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout.

A.theteenagers1criticismoftheirparents

B.misunderstandingsbetweenteenagersandtheirparents

C.thedominanceoftheparentsovertheirchildren