Unit1NatureinthebalanceGrammarandusage课件高中英语译林版

Unit1Grammarandusage-Excuseme!-Yes?-Isthisyourhandbag?-Pardon?-Isthisyourhandbag?-Yes,itis.-Thankyouverymuch.Lead-inEllipsis(省略)1.No,Ididn’t(watchthedocumentaryaboutenvironmentalprotectiononTVyesterday).2.Youcanwatchitonlineifyouwantto().3.Ifeltworriedwhen()watchingthedocumentary.4.Somecallfortheapplicationofmoderntechnology,andothers()achangeoflifestyle.5.()Gotanyideas?6.()Soundsgreat!IwaswatchitcallforHaveyouIt/ThatWhydopeopleleavethemout?conclusionrepeatinginformalEllipsis省略定义：为了使语言简洁化concise、并且为了避免重复，省略句中的一个或几个成分，这种语法现象称为省略（Ellipsis)。简单句中的省略并列句中的省略复合句中的省略其他省略①在非正式场合，如果语境清晰，常省略主语

或

主语和动词。()Ready?()Begyourpardon.()Soundslikeagoodidea.()Anythingwrong?AreyouIThat/ItIsthere②

在简短对话中，答句常保留主语和助动词，省略其后主要动词以及上句出现过的其他内容。如：—Didyougotothemuseumyesterday? —No,Ididn't().gotothemuseumyesterday—Didyoufinishthehomework?—No,Ididn'tfinish().thehomework简单句中的省略①

–Areyougoingthere?–Yes,I’dliketo.(gothere).③动词不定式中为了避免重复,省去与前面出现的相同部分,只保留to，但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有be,have,havebeen时,要保留这些词。–Areyouanengineer?–No,butIwanttobeanengineer.–Hehasn’tfinishedthetaskyet.–Well,heoughttohavefinishedthetask.Ireallydidn’twanttogotherewithhim,butIhadtogotherewithhim

.()()()简单句中的省略①并列句中的省略①Peterenteredtheclassroomand(Peter)satathisdesk.②Ilikedancingbutmybrother(likes)singing.③WhatIsaidmadeJackhappybut(whatIsaidmade)Janeangry.④JackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMary(musthavebeen)doingherhomework.

You’dbetterlookoutwhen

(youare)crossingthestreet.

Woodgivesoffmuchsmokewhile(itis)

burning.

Iwon’tattendhisweddingunless(Iam)invited.

Motherandfathercamebackearlierthan(theywere)expected.Youneedtomakeimprovementswhere(itis)necessary.Pleasecallmebackif

(itis)possible.在when,while,if,asif,though,although,as,than,until,once,unless,等引导的状语从句中，当从句主语和主句的主语_______且从句谓语中含有系动词_____或从句的主语为____时，从句中______和_______常被省略。一致be主语itbe动词复合句中的省略——状语从句中的省略补全被省略的部分。3.Hisadvicemademehappy,butJimangry.4.JackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMarydoingherhomework.5.Hehasaknowledgeoffirstaidbuthisfrienddoesn't.用括号标出可省略的部分:1.Istudyatcollegeandmysisterstudiesathighschool.2.Whensummercomes,thedayisgettinglongerandlonger,andthenightisgettingshorterandshorter.()()(hisadvicemade)(haveaknowledgeoffirstaid)(musthavebeen)复合句中的省略Though(shewas)armedwithamagicweapon-hairpin(珠钗),shewasstruckwithastunningblowbytheenemyandfellintothedeepriver._________(当她苏醒过来的时候，她发现自己身在捕蛇村了。)A.Whencomingtolife,shefoundherselfwasintheSnakecatcherVillage.B.Whenwascomingtolife,shefoundherselfintheSnakecatcherVillage.A——状语从句中的省略复合句中的省略——状语从句中的省略以as,than引导的比较状语从句可以全部或部分省去。①Hegotupearlyasusualhedid.②Afterhalfanhour,shebecamequieterthanshehadbeen.③Hestudiesashardasyoustudy.④Everythingwentonworsethaneverythinghadbeenexpected,forshecouldn'trememberanything.()()()()复合句中的省略——状语从句中的省略IfIhadworkedhard,Iwouldhavesurelysucceeded.IfIwereyou,Iwoulddomorereading.Ifitshouldrain,shewouldstayin.GraduallyshelearntfromothersthatshewasrescuedbyXuan.Hadn'thesavedherfromtheriver,shewouldhavedrowned.if虚拟条件句中有should,had或were时,且将他们置于句首时，常省去if.HadIworkedWereIShoulditIfhehadn'tsaved复合句中的省略——宾语从句中的省略1.Hedemandedthatheleave.2.IforgotthatmyresearchpaperwasdueonTuesdayandthatmyteacherhadsaidhewouldnotacceptlatepapers.3.Hesuggestedthatthey(should)gotothePreciousJadeWorkshoptoaskforplots.()()归纳：1.动词引导的宾语从句的引导词that通常可以省略，但多个宾语从句并列时,通常只省略第一个that。2.在表“建议、命令、要求”等相关的宾语从句的虚拟语气中，should可以省略复合句中的省略——宾语从句中的省略由which,when,where,how和why引导的宾语从句中与主句重复的主语或谓语,可全部或部分省去,只保留引导词。1.Pleasepassmeoneofthesebooks,Idon’tcarewhichbookyoupassme.2.Hewillcomeback,butshedoesn’tknowwhenhewillcomeback.3.ShewantstolearnEnglishwell,yetshedoesn’tknowhowshecanlearnitwell.()()()复合句中的省略——定语从句中的省略1.DoyouknowthemanwhoMr.Greenistalkingto?2.Thebridgewhichwasbuiltyearsagowastakendown.3.Idon'tlikethewaythat/inwhichyoutalktoyourmother.1.在限制性定语从句起宾语作用的关系代词that,which,whom可以省略;2.定语从句的关系代词that/which/who在从句中作主语且后面有be动词，关系代词及be动词可以省略3.先行词是theway在定语从句中作状语时,可以省略关系词that或inwhich()()()1.Isthisthereason____atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained2.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut____hesaidit.A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich3.Whenfirst____tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroducedAABChoosethebestanswer.ExplorethedifferencesMakeconclusions①.Awakenedbyhersister,Xiaobairememberedhermissionwastokilltheenemyand(to)returnthehairpintohermaster.②.Butshedidn'tknowwhethertogoonortostop.1.并列的不定式可省去后面的to;但表示对比关系的两个不定式to不可省。2.感官动词see,hear等和使役动词make,let,have等后面加省略to的不定式；但改为被动语态时to不能省。①.HersisterXiaoqinmadeherretakehermission.②.ShewasmadetoretakehermissionbyhersisterXiaoqin.——动词不定式的省略其他省略A.Thebattlewasatoughoneandalltheycoulddowasnothingbuttomusteruptheircourageandhangon.B.Thebattlewasatoughoneandalltheycoulddowasnothingbutmusteruptheircourageandhangon.——动词不定式的省略其他省略这场战斗打得很艰难，他们所能做的就是鼓起勇气坚持到底。不定式做介词but，except等的宾语，且前面有实义动词do的各种形式时，须省略不定式符号to。Idon'twanttodoanythingexcepthelpyou.Review常见的介词可省的固定结构有：havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsthbebusy(in)doingsthspendsometime(in)doingsthstop/preventsb(from)doingsthThereisnosense/point(in)doingsthIt'snogood/use(in)doingsth注意：表示时间的介词at,on,in在next,last,this,yesterday,tommorrow等词前，一般省略。

eg.Theyallfoughtforanewlifetommorrow.其他省略——介词的省略Canyoukeepmeinyourmindforever?Ithinkso.Idon'tthinkso.Wearedying,arewe?so/not可用来省略上文中的一部分或整个句子。Iguessso.Iguessnot.guess/hope/beafraid的否定形式只能用not形式，不能用don't...so.其他省略——替代词so/not等的省略

SignsNosmokingisallowedhere.Thisisaone-waystreet.其他省略

InstructionsPutthissideup,please.Pleasehandlethiswithcare.其他省略

PostcardsIwishyouwerehere.其他省略

HeadlinesHousesdestroyedinweekendstorms.Somehousesweredestroyedinthestormsduringtheweekend.Ihavenothadtimetowriteinmydiary.TheoperawasOK,andthecostumesweregreat.DiariesHavenothadtimetowriteNotesOperaOK,costumesgreat其他省略P7B1Applyingtherules.1.Icannotwatchthedocumentarythisweekend,thoughIwouldlike.2.Cowsliveonland,andfishthewater.3.TheAmazonrainforestissmallernowthanwas50yearsago.4.Hehadplannedtoborrowabookonenvironmentalprotection,buthedidn’tdo.5.Whentakingphotosofwildlife,everyeffortshouldbemadetoensurethatwekeepawayfromtheanimals.wouldliketo.weshouldmakeeveryeffortP7B2Applyingtherules.找出下面句子的省略部分。Sometimeafter10,000BC,peoplemadethefirstrealattempttocontroltheworldtheylivedin,throughagriculture.(2020浙江)直击高考that/which^省略在考试中的使用(2020•1月浙江卷语法填空)Thefirstisdecliningbirthrates,whichmeansoldgenerationsarelarge60(compare)toyoungergenerations,(whenoldgenerationsare)comparedtoyoungergenerationsManywesternerswhocometoChinacookmuchless________intheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.(2018浙江,语法填空)China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile________(feed)itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfood